Significant Differences In Study Groups Research Articles

The relationship between ABO blood group and blood transfusion in upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Introduction: ABO blood group (BG) antigens found in many cells and tissues, especially in erythrocytes, have been associated with many diseases including cardiovascular diseases, infections, and malignancies. The association of ABO BG with duodenal and gastric ulcers and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) has been investigated in few studies and the information on this subject is limited. The primary objective of our study is to examine whether there is an association between ABO BG and UGB, and the secondary objective is to examine whether there is an association between ABO BG and UGB in patients who received blood transfusions after bleeding. Methods: The prevalence values of A, B, AB, 0 BG and Rh antigens, endoscopic procedure, and blood transfusion information of patients who were diagnosed with UGB by endoscopic examination and hospitalized were recorded. Healthy individuals without UGB in the same period were included as the control group (CG). Those who had UGB by endoscopic examination constituted the study group (SG) while those who received at least 2 units of blood transfusion formed the transfusion group (TG). Results: SG consisted of 423 patients, TG included 383 patients, and CG had 1650 individuals. While the risk of bleeding was higher in SG patients with BG 0 (OR 1.33 1.07-1.66 P=0.009), the bleeding risk was lower in SG patients with BG B (OR 0.77 0.63-0.95 P=0.014). In addition, while the risk of bleeding was higher in TG patients with BG 0 (OR 1.35 1.08-1.70 P=0.009), the bleeding risk was lower in TG patients with BG B (OR 0.55 0.38-0.79 P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in SG, and TG in other BG A and AB and no significant difference in Rh. Conclusion: While UGB is more common in individuals with BG 0, it is less common in individuals with BG B. The risk of need for blood transfusion during the follow-up period of these patients in the ward is higher in patients with BG 0 but lower in patients with BG B. Keywords: Blood group, bleeding, transfusion

Evaluating the efficacy of bimanual compression of abdomen-flank to control postoperative bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A randomized clinical trial.

To investigate the influence of bimanual compression of abdomen-flank to control bleeding after completion of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) including tubeless PCNL. This study is a parallel-group randomized clinical trial with 1:1:1 randomization. Ninety patients who were candidates for PCNL during July to October 2019 were enrolled. After completion of PCNL operation, patients were randomized into three groups to receive bimanual abdomen-flank compression for 0, 3, and 7 min by the operating surgeon with the opening of sealed envelopes (groups 0, 3, and 7 min afterwards). Preoperative, 24, and 48 h postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and electrolytes were collected. The primary endpoint of interest was the comparison of 48-h blood loss across study groups. Secondary endpoints included the percent drop in 24- and 48-h Hb, transfusion rates, and operation complications. This trial is registered at www.irct.ir with the following number: IRCT20190618043925N1 on 18 July 2019. There was no statistically significant difference in study groups regarding stone mass, stone location, access location, and patients' age (all p > 0.05). The medians (IQR) of 48-h blood loss were 490 mL (105-916), 338 mL (160-933), and 413 mL (71-650) in groups of 0, 3, and 7 min. The percent drop in 24-h postoperative Hb relative to preoperative Hb were 11.5 ± 8.6% versus 9.2 ± 7.3% versus 9.3 ± 6.8% (p = 0.44) and relative values for the percent drop in 48-h Hb relative to preoperative Hb were 8.6 ± 8.7% versus 9.5 ± 9.9% versus 7.2 ± 9.6% (p = 0.63) in groups of 0, 3, and 7 min respectively. Transfusion was needed in four patients in group 0 min, five patients in group 3 min, and three patients in group 7 min. The results of this study reveal that postoperative bimanual compression of abdomen-flank has no statistically significant influence on the control of bleeding after PCNL operations.

Dental health status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Montenegro

Background/Aim. The number of children with diabetes is constantly increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy children. Methods. The study included 177 patients aged 10-15 years, divided into two groups. Group T1DM, made up of children with type I diabetes mellitus. Control group was healthy children. The dental health was assessed using the DMFT index. The Plaque Index (PI) according to Silness-L?e and the Calculus Index (CI) by Green were used to determine oral hygiene. Salivary status involved determining the amount of secreted stimulated saliva and buffer capacity of the same patient. Results. In terms of average values of DMFT index of permanent teeth, there were no statistically significant differences in study groups. A significant difference in PI value in group T1DM (1.29 ? 0.56) and control group (1.01 ? 0.50) was observed (p =0.001). Also, a significant difference in CI value in group T1DM (0.09 ? 0.23) and in control group (0.03 ? 0.14) was observed (p=0.047). The average amount of secreted stimulated saliva for diabetic children was significantly lower (0.99 ? 0.14 ml/min), compared to healthy children (1.06 ? 0.20 ml/min; p=0.020). Conclusion: Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus have no more diseased teeth; however, they have more dental plaque, dental calculus and lower saliva than children in the control group. Also, our results point to the absence of preventive measures and programs in Montenegro.

Effect of a Health Educational Program on Patients Knowledge regarding Heart Failure: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Backgrounds and objective: Heart failure is a major public health problem in the world with a significant load of disease on population and the individual, this burden of disease can be measured in terms of mortality, readmission rate, and healthcare costs. Adequate knowledge about the disease is an effective strategy to prevent further disease complication. The study aimed to determine the effect of a health education program on heart failure patients regarding their disease through a pre-post-test approach.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with the application of pre and post-test approach for both the study and control group at Hawler Teaching Hospital, Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Rojhalat Hospital on patients with heart failure. A non-probability purposive sampling technique used on 400 heart failure patients chosen to include in the study. The study samples were divided into two groups; 200 patients as a study group and exposed to the health education program, and the other 200 patients were not exposed to the health education program and considered as the control group. The measurement of the effectiveness of a health education program through the knowledge assessment includes six main domains like General information, risk factors, causes, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and management of heart failure. Statistical data analysis achieved through descriptive and inferential data analysis.Results: The results indicated that a health education program was effective among patients regarding management heart failure. It also indicates that there is good improvement with highly significant differences in study group between pre and post-test, in over-all items.Conclusion: The study concluded that the educational program is an appropriate and effective way to improve the patient's knowledge about heart failure.

Studying the Auditory Effect of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia on Neonates Using Otoacoustic Emissions (Oaes)

Background: The adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia on auditory nerve (AN) development have been showed a significant functional consequence on auditory brainstem response (ABR). Aim of the work was to study the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on auditory system of newborn infant using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Subjects and Methods: 60 full term neonates were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: 30 newborn infants as a control group with maternal blood Hb >10.5 g/dL. Group 2: study group: 30 newborn infants with maternal blood Hb ≤ 10.5 g/dL and diagnosed as maternal iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Results: In transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) there was significant difference between the studied groups at frequency of 4000 Hz in both right and left ears. There was also significant difference between right and left ears as regard signal to noise ratio (SNR) and overall amplitude TEOAE at frequency of 2000Hz in control group and at 4000 Hz in study group. There was significant difference in study group between right and left ears as regard signal to noise ratio (SNR) distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) at frequencies 1409 with right ears showing a higher mean SNR than left ears. Conclusion: The peripheral auditory function, as tested by TEOAEs test, is affected in high frequency region of the cochlea in low ferritin babies while DPOAEs test was less sensitive in these patients for assessment of their cochlear function.

Effectiveness of Educational Program on Nurses’ Knowledge toward Preventing Female Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

The study aims to assess nurses’ knowledge toward preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections, determining the effect of nursing educational program by comparing the pre-test and post-test score on nurses’ knowledge in regards to catheter-associated urinary tract infections also to find out relationship between nurses knowledge and their demographic data. A quasi-experimental design study has been carried out in Al-Najaf City/Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate / Al-Sadder Medical City from October 8th, 2017 to, September 10th, 2018. In order to determine the face validity of the study, (15) experts were selected to review the questionnaire, and reliability of the questionnaire is determined through pilot study through the use of test and re-test. The researcher analyzed the data through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of educational program regarding nurses’ knowledge toward preventing of female catheter-associated urinary tract infections is positive and clear. It also shows that there is a good development with highly significant differences in study group between pre and post-test in all items related to preventing of female catheter-associated urinary tract infection.

Effectiveness of Educational Program on Nurses’ Knowledge regarding Pre and Post-Operative Nursing Management

A study is conducted to assess the effectiveness of educational program on nurse's knowledge regarding pre and post-operative nursing management at Al-Sadder Medical City. The program and instrument are constructed and developed by the researcher to reach the purpose of the study. A quasi-experimental design study has been carried out in Al-Najaf City/Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate/Al-Sadder Medical City from January 12th, 2018 to, September 13th, 2018. Purposive sample is comprised of 40 nurses divided into two groups: study group consists of 20 nurses which exposed to the educational program and control group consists of 20 nurses not exposed to the program. Measurement of effectiveness for educational program carried out through the use of knowledge test that include (40) items. Reliability of instrument is determined through the use of test and re-test, and the instrument validity is determined through a panel of experts. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of educational program about nurses’ knowledge regarding pre and post-operative nursing management is positive and evident. It also shows that there is a good development with highly significant differences in study group between pre and post-test in all items related to pre and post-operative nursing management.

Education program to improve mother's knowledge about management of children with pinworms

Pinworm it's also known Entrobius vermicularis is one of the most common Human being parasitic infections worldwide especially in temperate weather. A quasi-experimental design study has been carried out in Al-Diwaniya city from some kindergartens conducted throughout the period of October 18th, 2017 to august 5th, 2018. Cluster sample is comprised of 40 mothers divided into two groups: study group involves of 20 mothers which exposed to the educational program and control group involves of 20 mothers not exposed to the program. Results of our study show that the effectiveness of educational program regarding mother's knowledge about management of children with pinworm infection is positive and clear. It also shows that there is a good development with highly significant differences in study group between pre and post-test in all items associated to management of children with pinworms. The study concluded that the educational program is an appropriate and active to improve the mother's knowledge about management of children with pinworms. Also the study concludes that the most of mothers as general is knowledge deficit regarding management of children with pinworm infection.

Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in Aborted Women Infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens worldwide; Life cycle of this parasite was affected by synthesis of specific enzyme like Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2). Objectives: The major objectives of this study detection of prevalence expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) among ninety-six aborted women were tested; seventy-six of them was with recurrent abortions due to Toxoplasmosis and twenty without Toxoplasmosis as control group in Najaf governorate. Methodology: Descriptive case-control ,purposive (probability) sample among ninety six aborted women were tested, attending in Central Health Laboratory, Al-Zahra Maternity & pediatric Teaching Hospital , The data collected from January 2014 to January 2015. The concentration level of Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in aborted women was measured by ELISA technique according to many parameters such as age, occupation, residence and number of abortions. Results: The result indicated that the concentration of MMP2was elevated in women with one or two abortions. The high concentration of MMP2 in infected aborted women with age group (20-24), (25-29).there was significant differences in study groups according to occupation and there were differences in MMP2concentration levels according to residency. It was demonstrated that the high concentration of MMP2 was appear in rural infected aborted women and low in urban women with Toxoplasmosis, Results were analyzed by using statistical methods (Levene test, ANOVA test, t test). Conclusion: Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP2) play a significant role in immunity against infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Recommendation: Further studies are recommended to know the concentration of MMP2 among pregnant women to be one of an important laboratory tests in the induction of immune response against this type of infection.

Effectiveness of Educational Program on Nurse's Knowledge Concerning Management of Cardiogenic Shock at AL-Mosul Teaching Hospitals

Background: Cardiogenic shock resulting of an inadequate circulation of blood due to primary failure of the ventricles of the heart to function effectively. As this is a type of circulatory shock, there is insufficient perfusion of tissue to meet the demands for oxygen and nutrients. Cardiogenic shock is a largely irreversible condition and as such is more often fatal than not. The condition involves increasingly more pervasive cell death in oxygen starvation (hypoxia) and nutrient starvation (e.g. low blood sugar). Because of this, it may lead to cardiac arrest (or circulatory arrest), Nurses, physicians and others health team need to work together to develop a rapid and well-organized treatment approach to this devastating condition. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational program on nurse's knowledge concerning management of cardiogenic shock. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study was carried out at AL-Mosul teaching hospitals in March 9th 2015 to July 1st of 2015. The program and instruments constructed and developed by the researcher to measure the purpose of the study. Random sample comprised of (50) nurse was divided into two groups, study group consisted (25) nurse exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted (25) nurse were not exposed to the program. The measurement of the effectiveness of nursing educational program on nurses' knowledge the researcher use knowledge test includes (44) items concerning with assessment knowledge for nurses related to management of patients with cardiogenic shock. Reliability of instrument tools was determined through the use of test and retest and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The analysis of data was performed through the application of description statistic (Frequencies, Percentages, and cumulative percent, Mean of Score, Standard Deviation, Relative Sufficiency) and Inferential statistical (Chi-Square test, Fisher Exact Probability test to present the differences between the study and control groups). Results: The results of the study showed that there is good improvement with highly significant differences in study group between pre and post tests in overall main domains. for the nurses' knowledge. Conclusion: The study Concluded that that inadequate nurses' knowledge in the medical department (coronary care unit, medical ward and emergency department) toward management of patient with Cardiogenic shock. Recommendation: The study recommended that an educational program can be designed and constructed for nurses through the program ,an emphasis can be directed and oriented in management of patient with Cardiogenic shock should be included continuous training for all nursing staff who work in medical department(coronary care unit, medical ward and emergency department).

Prevalence and association of smokeless tobacco use with the development of periodontal pocket among adult males in Dawan Valley, Yemen: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundThe traditional type of smokeless tobacco used in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly common in Yemen, is called shammah. This study aims to determine the prevalence of shammah use and its association with the development of periodontal pockets. Other associated factors with the development of periodontal pocket were also determined.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 346 adult males aged 18 years old to 68 years old. Socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, and shammah use history were surveyed by using a structured interview questionnaire. The clinical assessment for the presence or absence of periodontal pockets was assessed on the basis of community periodontal index. The chi-square test was used to assess significant differences in study groups in terms of the presence of periodontal pockets. Multivariable logistic regression was selected to assess potential associated factors with the development of periodontal pockets.ResultsAmong the 346 adult males, 248 (71.7 %), 30 (8.6 %), and 68 (19.7 %) males never used shammah, were former shammah users, and were current shammah users, respectively. The significant associated factors with the development of periodontal pocket were age group (30 years old and above) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.03, 95 % CI: 1.13, 3.65; P = 0.018), low family income category (AOR = 2.35, 95 % CI: 1.39, 3.99; P = 0.001), former shammah user (AOR = 2.66, 95 %: CI: 1.15, 6.15; P = 0.022), and current shammah user (AOR = 6.62, 95 %: CI: 3.59, 12.21; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe results revealed that periodontal pockets were significantly associated with age group (30 years old and above), low family income category, former shammah use, and current shammah use. The findings of the current study highlighted the need to develop comprehensive shammah prevention programs and reduce periodontal disease and other shammah-associated diseases.

Effects of vibrotactile vestibular substitution on vestibular rehabilitation – preliminary study

IntroductionSome patients with severe impairment of body balance do not obtain adequate improvement from vestibular rehabilitation (VR). ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of Vertiguard™ biofeedback equipment as a sensory substitution (SS) of the vestibular system in patients who did not obtain sufficient improvement from VR. MethodsThis was a randomized prospective clinical study. Thirteen patients without satisfactory response to conventional VR were randomized into a study group (SG), which received the vibrotactile stimulus from Vertiguard™ for ten days, and a control group (CG), which used equipment without the stimulus. For pre- and post-treatment assessment, the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) protocol of the Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) and two scales of balance self-perception, Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), were used. ResultsAfter treatment, only the SG showed statistically significant improvement in C5 (p=0.007) and C6 (p=0.01). On the ABC scale, there was a significant difference in the SG (p=0.04). The DHI showed a significant difference in CG and SG with regard to the physical aspect, and only in the SG for the functional aspect (p=0.04). ConclusionThe present findings show that sensory substitution using the vibrotactile stimulus of the Vertiguard™ system helped with the integration of neural networks involved in maintaining posture, improving the strategies used in the recovery of body balance.

Effectiveness of Nursing Education Program on Nurses Practices Toward Arrhythmia in Kirkuk's Teaching Hospitals

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing educational program on nurse's practice toward arrhythmia in Kirkuk's teaching hospitals Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried out at Azady and Kirkuk teaching hospitals in 17th January, 2011 to 10th of Jun, 2012. The program and instruments constructed were developed by the researcher to measure the purpose of the study. Purposive sample comprised of (80) nurses was divided into two groups, study group consisted of (40) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted of (40) nurses were not exposed to the program. The measurement of effectiveness of nursing educational program through the observational checklist includes (25) items concerning ECG. Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. Results: The results of the study showed that the effectiveness of educational program regarding nurses' practice toward arrhythmia is a positive and clear. It is also shows that there is good improvement with highly significant differences in study group in overall main domains related to nurses' practice. Recommendation: The study recommended that an educational program can be designed and constructed for nurses through the program ,an emphasis can be directed and oriented in ECG toward arrhythmias, the nurses can be encouraged for being participated in a special training programs designed and constructed to fulfill the nurses needs concerning defects and limitation in their practices and collaborative work can be issued between the ministry of health and higher education to provide such program.

Effectiveness of nursing education program on nurses knowledge toward Arrhythmia in Kirkuk's teaching hospitals

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing educational program on nurse's knowledge toward arrhythmia in Kirkuk's teaching hospitals. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried out at Azady and Kirkuk teaching hospitals in 17th January, 2011 to 10th of June, 2012. The program and instruments constructed and developed by the researcher to measure the purpose of the study. Purposive sample comprised of (80) nurses was divided into two groups, study group consisted (40) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted (40) nurses were not exposed to the program. The measurement of effectiveness of nursing educational program through the knowledge assessment includes (43) items. Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. Results: The results of the study showed that the effectiveness of educational program regarding nurses' knowledge toward arrhythmia is a positive and clear. It is also shows that there is good improvement with highly significant differences in study group in overall main domains related to nurse's knowledge. Recommendation: The study recommends that all nurses in the medical department in our country should be involved in the application of educational program which was developed in this study

Ultrasound Strain and Strain Rate Imaging of Carotid Artery with the Early Sage of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the value of ultrasound strain and strain rate imaging in evaluating the motorial characteristics of the early stage of the CCA in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Fifty patients without vascular complications with type 2 diabetes and fifty healthy volunteers underwent carotid ultrasound are selected as objects in the examinations and the dynamic image was analyzed by the off-line software (syngo Velocity Vector Imaging technology [VVI], Siemens). The results show that Vmax of anterior wall, anterolateral wall and posterolateral wall were higher than those of posterior wall, posteromedial wall, and anteromedial wall (P<0.05). VTTP, Vmax, Smax, and SRmax of corresponding segments had significant differences in study group and control group (P<0.05). From the results, it could be concluded that Velocity Vector Imaging can be used to evaluate the change of common carotid elasticity in early stage of AS in patients with type 2 diabetes. KeywordsUltrasonography; Velocity Vector Imaging; Speckle Tracking; Common Carotid; Atherosclerosis;Diabetes Mellitus