Significant Differences In Serum Levels Research Articles

Serum vitamins and trace elements in vitiligo patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

AbstractVitiligo is one of the most common pigmentary skin disorders, which significantly impacts the quality of life. The aetiology and pathophysiology of vitiligo are still unclear, but one of the proposed mechanisms is oxidative damage interrupting melanogenesis. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the serum levels of trace elements and vitamins and to systematically review the evidence comparing vitiligo patients with a healthy group. We comprehensively retrieved all studies related to vitiligo and the serum levels of vitamins and minerals from databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, SID and ISC up to December 2022. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. Pooled standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random‐effects models. Our meta‐analysis revealed no significant differences in serum levels of Vitamin B12 and copper. It was concluded that serum concentrations of Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and zinc were lower in vitiligo patients. Conversely, these patients exhibited higher levels of selenium and folic acid compared with healthy individuals. These results might affect the potential use of vitamin and mineral supplementation in vitiligo treatment.

Relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolite dysregulation and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly male C57BL/6J mice after laparotomy exploration

Objective: To explore the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolite dysregulation and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly male C57BL/6J mice after laparotomy exploration. Methods: A total of 48 specific pathogen-free (SPF) male C57BL/6J mice, aged 16-17 months, were divided into two groups by random number table method: control group (n=24) and operation group (n=24). Mice in the operation group were induced with 1.4% isoflurane for 15 minutes, followed by a 10 minutes exploratory laparotomy anesthetized with 1.4% isoflurane and 100% oxygen, and anesthesia continued for 2 hours after surgery. Mice in control group were put in 100% oxygen for 2 hours. Feces and venous blood samples of both groups were collected 48 hours after surgery. Changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal bacteria in the feces were detected by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Functional changes of fecal metabolic profiles were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics and differential metabolite functions were analyzed. The serum level of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cognitive function of the mice was detected by Morris water maze test 3 days after operation. Results: The postoperative escape latency of mice in control group and operation group was (22.0±4.9) and (35.0±5.1) s, and the target quadrant residence time was (26.0±3.7) and (16.0±2.9) s, respectively. Compared with the control group, the postoperative escape latency of mice in the operation group was prolonged (P=0.035), and the residence time in the target quadrant was reduced (P=0.006). The difference of intestinal flora between the two groups was comparable. The expression levels of Escherichia coli, shigella and clostridium in the operation group were up-regulated, while the expression levels of rumen bacteria and butyricobacteria were down-regulated. Fecal metabolic profiles of mice in control group and operation group were obtained by LC/MS, and 14 and 21 different metabolites were screened in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The different metabolites in positive ion mode were glutamic acid, 2-indoleic acid, kynuuric acid and glyceraldehyde. The negative ion pattern differential metabolites are methionine, aspartic acid, L-threonine, tyrosyl-threonine and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. The identified differential metabolite pathways are mainly involved in amino acid, fatty acid and tryptophan metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. There were no significant differences in serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The dysregulated changes of gut microbiota and its metabolites are correlated with the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly male C57BL/6J mice. Anesthesia and surgery alter the structure of mice intestinal bacteria on the level of abundance, and change the metabolic balance and feces metabolomic phenotype.

Serum tryptase levels in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

to investigate the difference in serum tryptase levels between post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) patients and controls. PACS has been defined as symptoms that persist for more than 3 months after the onset of COVID-19. The pathogenesis is still unknown, but mast cell activation has been proposed as one of the mechanisms, and increased serum tryptase levels have been demonstrated in PACS patients. Atotal number of 133 patients were included: 50 with PACS, 37 asymptomatic COVID-19 convalescents, and 46 controls with anegative history of COVID-19. Serum tryptase levels were determined in all participants. There was no significant difference in serum levels of tryptase among the groups. the role of mast cell activation in PACS remains unclear and further research is needed to fill the gaps in understanding the pathogenesis of this complex and heterogeneous disorder (Tab. 2, Ref. 17). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: post Acute COVID-19 syndrome, tryptase, mast cells, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause inflammation, demyelination, and axon degeneration. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a single-chain polypeptide mainly synthesized in the liver and brain. IGF-1 causes neuronal and non-neuronal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Therefore, it can be used in treating neuro-demyelinating diseases such as MS. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the levels of IGF-1 in MS patients and healthy controls and also investigates IGF binding proteins (IGF-BP) and growth hormone (GH) levels between MS patients and healthy controls. In this study, we systematically searched electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar, up to December 2022. Studies that measured IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or IGFBP-3 in MS patients and healthy controls in either blood or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were identified. We calculated Standardized mean differences (SMD) to compare levels of IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or IGFBP-3 in MS patients and controls. Finally, we included 11 eligible studies from 1998 to 2018. The sample size of included studies varied from 20 to 200 resulting in a total sample size of 1067 individuals, 531 MS patients, and 536 healthy controls. The mean age of the patient and control groups were 38.96 and 39.38, respectively. The average EDSS among patients was 4.56. We found that blood levels of IGF-1 (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.59, I2 = 82.4%, K = 8, n = 692), CSF level of IGF-1 (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.56, I2 = 0.0%, K = 3 n = 164) and blood levels of GH were not significantly higher in MS patients than controls (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.33 to 0.49, I2 = 77.0% K = 3, n = 421). Moreover, the blood levels of IGFBP-1 (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.40, I2 = 77%, K = 4, n = 255) were significantly higher in MS cases than in controls. However, the blood levels of IGFBP-2 (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = -0.34 to 1.21, I2 = 64.2%, K = 3, n = 78) and blood levels of IGFBP-3 (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = -0.09 to 2.17, I2 = 95.6%, K = 6, n = 443) were not significantly higher in patients than controls. Our meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in serum levels of IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 between the MS group and healthy controls, except for IGFBP1. However, our systematic review showed that the studies were controversial for IGFBP-3 serum levels. Some studies found an increase in serum level of IGFBP-3 in MS patients compared to the healthy group, while others showed a decrease.

The Effects of Lycopene on Modulating Oxidative Stress and Liver Enzymes Levels in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) complications involves the excessive production of<br />reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Due to Lycopene, a highly unstable structure and<br />its significant effects on modulating the metabolic system, there is a strong need for a formula that can increase its<br />stability. The aim of this study was to develop an approach for encapsulating Lycopene and investigate its effects on<br />inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and liver enzymes in patients with MetS.<br />Materials and Methods: This study is a simple randomized, double-blind, objective-based clinical trial that involved<br />eighty subjects with MetS, who were equally and randomly assigned to two groups: one group received 20 mg of<br />Lycopene per day for 8 weeks, and the Placebo group followed the same protocol as the Lycopene group but received<br />a placebo instead of Lycopene. They were called Lycopene and placebo, respectively. During follow-up visits after 4<br />and 8 weeks, 20 ml of blood was collected for evaluation of liver enzymes and some inflammatory related markers.<br />Results: Prior to the assignment of volunteers to their respective groups, there were no notable differences in C-reactive<br />protein (CRP), serum liver enzymes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, or pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB)<br />between the Lycopene and placebo groups. However, our subsequent analysis revealed a significant reduction in the<br />serum levels of CRP (P=0.001) and PAB (P=0.004) in the group that received Lycopene. Our encapsulated Lycopene<br />treatment was not associated with a significant difference in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate<br />transferase (AST), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) between our two groups.<br />Conclusion: This study investigated the impact of Lycopene on individuals with MetS, revealing a noteworthy<br />modulation effect on PAB and inflammation linked to MetS. However, no significant differences was demonstrated in<br />serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP between the studied group (registration number: IRCT20130507013263N3).

Evaluation of some hematological and biochemical parameters for women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Wasit Governorate

The aim of the study; the Study of physiological causes and risk factors of ovarian cysts in women and Analyzing the results statistically to determine the extent of the relationship between the physiological and biochemical causes of the occurrence of polycysticovaries. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorders affecting many females in reproductive period which start from menarche till the menopause and commonly caused infertility around the world, and is characterized by irregular menstrual cycle, Hyperandrogensim and polycystic ovary; it can be considered a conditions involving reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular components leading to lifelong health implication. Its prevalence among infertile women is between (15% to 20%). There is evidence that PCOS is a pro inflammatory disorder, characterized by the presence of low grade chronic inflammation that correlated with obesity or insulin resistance (IR). The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of study included 100 females diagnosed with PCOS, there were recruited from Al-kut hospital in Wasit during November 2022 until January 2023 , the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome was based on the Rotterdam 2003 criteria. The control group consists of 50 fertile women who have regular menstrual cycle with no sign of hyperandrogenism and subjected to ultrasound examination and have normal hormonal levels. The age was identical in both groups and it was between (20-40) years. . Body mass index (BMI) for both patients and control group was calculated. The questionnaire form has been filled for each patient and control. Hormones levels luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated. The present study was carried out in two parts: immunological and physiological study. ELISA technique has been used to determine the serum level of High –sensitivity C-reactive protin(Hscrp) . The results of Hscrp serum level was significantly increased (p&lt;0.oo5) in pcos patient(17.38+1.36) The results for physiological study demonstrated that insulin serum level recorded a highly significant difference (p &lt;0.05) in PCOS patients compared to control group, the mean level of this hormone for PCOS patients and control were (17.18±2.84) μIU/mL, (8.68±1.97) μIU/mL respective. While this study showed there were no significant differences in serum levels of T.protin, and TSH between PCOS patients (8.08± 1,28). ng/mL(, 0.79±0.17)μg/dL, and control group (7.09±0.51) ng/mL,( 1.20±0.09) μg/dL. This study illustrate that the serum levels of Hscrp and insulin were elevated in PCOS comparing to healthy women and this high levels related to PCOS independent on the presence of obesity or IR., and there was a positive correlation between the insulin hormone with the parameters Hscrp and this may be due to the background of PCOS which considered as inflammatory disease The reslts showed that ,Creatin ,cholesterol,GPT, and LDL ,Lympho ,TG were significantly increased in pcos patients than control group

Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels, Not 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Are Associated With Sleep Quality in Airline Pilots.

Despite the vulnerability of airline pilots (APs) to sleep disturbances, the biological underpinnings responsible for this phenomenon are still not entirely elucidated. However, there is an increasing amount of evidence indicating an association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Ca2+, and Mg2+ levelsand sleep health. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to examine the potential associations between serum levels of these biomarkers and the occurrence of poor sleep among APs. We examined a convenience sample of 100male APs who underwent the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess their sleep quality. Those who scored 5 or higher on the PSQI were labeled as poor sleepers. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were quantified in all participants. Out of the 100 APs, 58 (58%) and 42 (42%) were classified as good and poor sleepers, respectively, based on the PSQI scores. We defined vitamin D deficiency as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 10 ng/mL and insufficiency as levels ranging from 10 to 30 ng/mL. The results revealed no significant differences in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D between the two groups, and there was no evidence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. However, poor sleepers exhibited significantly lower levels of both Mg2+ (1.8 ± 0.1 mg/dLversus2.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL, respectively) and Ca2+ (8.5 ± 0.4mg/dLversus9.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL, respectively) compared to good sleepers (P < 0.001 for both). Logistic regression analysis identified both Mg2+ and Ca2+ as independent biomarkers associated with poor sleep quality in APs (P < 0.001 for both). Lower serum concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+, not 25-hydroxyvitamin D, may be associated with poor sleep in APs.

Association of adiponectin gene expression with atrial fibrillation in a Pakistani populace

Adiponectin, an adipocytokine produced and secreted by adipose tissue, has anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This case-control study was aimed to assess the expression and serum levels of adiponectin in subject suffereing from atrial fibrillation (AF). The study's subjects (n = 690) were enrolled from the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore and were grouped into control, AF without Metabolic syndrome (MetS), and AF with MetS groups. Along with the collection of demographic data, an analysis of adiponectin and biochemical parameters were performed. A highly significant difference in serum levels of adiponectin was observed among the control, AF without MetS, and AF with MetS groups (61.61 ± 45.30 ng/ml, 37.20 ± 19.46 ng/ml, 63.78 ± 61.69 ng/ml). The expression analysis of adiponectin was decreased (n-fold = ̴ 0.30) in AF without MetS group as compared to control group (n-fold = ~ 1.16) but increased in AF with MetS group (n-fold = ̴ 6.26). The correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive relationship between the expression of the adiponectin gene with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in AF without MetS group. Whereas, serum adiponectin was negatively related to serum triglycerides (TG) in AF with MetS group. In multiple regression analysis using adiponectin expression as the dependent variable, WHR was a determinant in AF without MetS. Whereas, when serum adiponectin was used as the dependent variable, serum TG was the determinant in group AF with MetS. The present study implicates that decreased expression and serum levels of adiponectin were associated with the development of AF in which WHR and serum TG also contributed towards the onset of atrial fibrillation.

The effect of Nigella sativa on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor and its binding proteins in postmenopausal women with low bone density: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial

Animal studies have shown that Nigella sativa (NS) seed oil can increase Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) serum levels. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral capsule NS on serum levels of IGF-1 and its binding proteins (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3) in postmenopausal women with bone loss density. Sixty postmenopausal women of 50 to 65 years with bone loss density randomly received a soft capsule of NS oil 1000 mg or placebo once daily for six months with a 1:1 allocation ratio. DEXA method was used to measure bone density. Serum concentrations of IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and-3, ALT, AST, ALP, Cr, and urea were measured at baseline and after the intervention. There were no significant differences in serum levels of IGF1, IGFBP-1, urea, Cr, ALT, AST, and ALP between the two groups at the end of six months. However, a significant increase has been shown in IGFBP-3 between groups after the intervention (Adjusted mean difference: 95% CI: 1.65: 0.36 to 2.97; p=0.013). We observed a significant increase in IGFBP-3 serum levels without any side effects. Additional research with an increased number of participants may be needed for further clarification of its beneficial anabolic effects on the GH system.

Evaluation of Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Colon and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Background: It has been shown that increased serum levels of vitamin B12 may be associated with some malignancies. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of vitamin B12 in patients with colon and breast cancer and healthy individuals.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 140 patients with colon and breast cancer were compared with 140 healthy individuals matched in age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Serum levels of vitamin B12 were measured through the Electrochemiluminescence method in both groups. The normal serum level of vitamin B12 was between 200 and 800 pg/ml.&#x0D; Results: Among 280 enrolled subjects, 60 had serum vitamin B12 levels higher than 800 pg/ml. Forty-six (32.9%) patients had high serum vitamin B12 levels, compared to 14 (10.0%) subjects in the control group (P = 0.001). The mean serum vitamin B12 level was significantly higher in the patients (380.4 ±540.2 pg/ml vs. 278.0 ±314.08 pg/ml, P =0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of vitamin B12 in patients with breast and colon tumors (P = 0.8). A significant positive correlation was observed between serum levels of vitamin B12 and tumor stage (P = 0.001, r = 0.49).&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that serum levels of vitamin B12 in patients with colon and breast cancer are higher than in healthy individuals and are positively associated with the stages of cancer.

Protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin against acute kidney injury associated with acute liver failure in mice

To evaluate the protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin (rSj-Cys) against acute kidney injury induced by acute liver failure and unravel the underlying mechanism, so as to provide insights into the clinical therapy of acute kidney injury. Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into the normal control group, rSj-Cys control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GaIN) model group and LPS/D-GaIN + rSj-Cys treatment group, of 6 mice each group. Mice in the LPS/D-GaIN group and LPS/D-GaIN + rSj-Cys group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 μg/kg) and D-GaIN (700 mg/kg), and mice in the LPS/D-GaIN + rSj-Cys group were additionally administered with rSj-Cys (1.25 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection 30 min post-modeling, while mice in the rSj-Cys group were intraperitoneally injected with rSj-Cys (1.25 mg/kg), and mice in the normal control group were injected with the normal volume of PBS. All mice were sacrificed 6 h post-modeling, and mouse serum and kidney samples were collected. Serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured, and the pathological changes of mouse kidney specimens were examined using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis-related proteins was quantified in mouse kidney specimens using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-associated proteins was determined in mouse kidney specimens using Western blotting assay. HE staining showed no remarkable abnormality in the mouse kidney structure in the normal control group and the rSj-Cys control group, and renal tubular injury was found in LPS/D-GaIN group, while the renal tubular injury was alleviated in LPS/D-GaIN+rSj-Cys treatment group. There were significant differences in serum levels of Cr (F = 46.33, P < 0.001), BUN (F = 128.60, P < 0.001), TNF-α (F = 102.00, P < 0.001) and IL-6 (F = 202.10, P < 0.001) among the four groups, and lower serum Cr [(85.35 ± 32.05) μmol/L], BUN [(11.90 ± 2.76) mmol/L], TNF-α [(158.27 ± 15.83) pg/mL] and IL-6 levels [(56.72 ± 4.37) pg/mL] were detected in the in LPS/D-GaIN + rSj-Cys group than in the LPS/D-GaIN group (all P values < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining detected significant differences in TNF-α (F = 24.16, P < 0.001) and IL-10 (F = 15.07, P < 0.01) expression among the four groups, and lower TNF-α [(106.50 ± 16.57)%] and higher IL-10 expression [(91.83 ± 5.23)%] was detected in the LPS/D-GaIN + rSj-Cys group than in the LPS/D-GaIN group (both P values < 0.01). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry detected significant differences in the protein expression of pyroptosis-related proteins NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) (F = 24.57 and 30.72, both P values < 0.001), IL-1β (F = 19.24 and 22.59, both P values < 0.001) and IL-18 (F = 16.60 and 19.30, both P values < 0.001) in kidney samples among the four groups, and lower NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 expression was quantified in the LPS/D-GaIN + rSj-Cys treatment group than in the LPS/D-GaIN group (P values < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in the protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway-associated proteins p-NF-κB p-P65/NF-κB p65 (F = 71.88, P < 0.001), Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (F = 45.49, P < 0.001) and p-IκB/IκB (F = 60.87, P < 0.001) in mouse kidney samples among the four groups, and lower expression of three NF-κB signaling pathway-associated proteins was determined in the LPS/D-GaIN + rSj-Cys treatment group than in the LPS/D-GaIN group (all P values < 0.01). rSj-Cys may present a protective effect against acute kidney injury caused by acute liver failure through inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis and downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Perbedaan Kadar Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 dan Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Serum pada Berbagai Derajat Sarkopenia Pasien Lanjut Usia: Studi Potong Lintang

Introduction. Sarcopenia is a phenomenon of progressive decline in muscle function that occurs due to the aging process. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have an important role in the occurrence of sarcopenia as a positive and negative regulator of muscle mass. Research shows differences in IGF-1 and TNF-α levels between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, but research on differences in severity of sarcopenia remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in levels of IGF-1 and TNF-α in various degrees of sarcopenia in elderly patients. Methods. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach involving 45 subjects of elderly patients who came to the internal outpatient clinic of RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang and met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Subjects were grouped into possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. Then, serum IGF-1 and TNF-α examinations were performed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results. Median of serum IGF-1 levels in the total sample were 41.36 ng/mL. The highest levels of IGF-1 were found in the possible sarcopenia group (55.28 ng/mL), while the lowest level was in the severe sarcopenia group (31 ng/mL). Median of serum TNF-α levels in the total sample were 157.63 ng/L with the lowest was found in the possible sarcopenia group (111.41 ng/L) and the highest was in the severe sarcopenia group (241.1 ng/L). There was a significant difference in serum levels of IGF-1 and TNF-α in the three sarcopenia groups (p= 0.001). IGF-1 levels decreased according to the severity of sarcopenia, while TNF-α levels increased according to the severity of sarcopenia. Conclusions. There are differences in serum levels of IGF-1 and TNF-α between possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe elderly sarcopenia.

E24 Does juvenile onset impact the serum levels of bone-forming biomarkers in adult patients with Spondyloarthritis?

Abstract Introduction The Wnt signalling pathway regulates bone metabolism. Dickkopf1 (DKK-1) and Sclerostin are potent inhibitors of this pathway, and their dysfunction would be responsible for bone formation phenomena in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a potent inhibitor of osteoclasts, regulated by the Wnt pathway, has also been implicated in this bone ossification phenomenon. We aimed to assess the impact of juvenile-onset on the serum levels of DKK-1, sclerostin, and OPG in adult with spondyloarthritis. Methods It was a cross-sectional case control study including patients with SpA (meeting ASAS criteria). Data collected included sociodemographic and disease characteristics. Biomarker assays were performed using an ELISA technique. Results Among one hundred and nine included patients, seven patients had a juvenile onset of the disease (six males, one female). The mean age of disease onset was 12.8 ± 4.3 [5–16] years. The mean duration of SpA at inclusion was 15 ± 6 years [4 – 21]. Two (28.6%) patients had an axial form, and five (71.4%) had an axial and peripheral form. Three patients (42.9%) had entheseal involvement. The means of serum levels of DKK-1 and sclerostin in patients with juvenile-onset SpA and healthy controls were (132 ± 81 vs 122 ± 113; P = 0.439) and (27 ± 15 vs 39 ± 49; P = 0.985) respectively. The analysis did not show significant differences in serum levels of DKK-1 (P = 0.293), sclerostin (P = 0.428), and OPG (P = 0.504) between patients with SpA with juvenile onset and adult SpA. Conclusion In our study the juvenile onset of the disease did not correlate with the inhibitors of the Wnt signalling pathway and OPG in patients with SpA.

Features of coronary pathology and its relationship with myocardial fibrosis markers in patients with resistant hypertension

Aim. To evaluate the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with biochemical markers of fibrosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and resistant hypertension (RHT).Material and methods. The study included 39 patients with CAD and RHT. All patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, office BP numbers were measured. Laboratory diagnostics included routine tests, as well as determination of serum lipocalin, plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (­MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP 1). Coronary atherosclerosis in patients was assessed retrospectively according to medical records with an assessment of the protocols of invasive coronary angiography and multislice computed tomography, performed no more than a year ago from the moment of inclusion in the study with no clinical signs of CAD progression. Obstructive atherosclerosis was considered a coronary artery narrowing by more than 50%.Results. Considering the results of previous coronary angiography, the patients were divided into two groups. In the first group (n=20), coronary artery stenosis was &lt;50%, in the second (n=19) &gt;50% (p&lt;0,05). The compared groups of patients were comparable in sex, age, duration of hypertension, blood pressure level, and the number of antihypertensive drugs taken. There were no differences in blood lipid profile, basal glycemia, uric acid levels, and the frequency of previous cerebral accidents. However, the incidence of diabetes in group 2 was significantly higher (p&lt;0,05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in serum levels of lipocalin and MMP-2 with higher values of these indicators in patients with coronary atherosclerosis stenosis (p=0,02).Conclusion. In patients with RHT with symptoms and signs of myocardial ische­­mia, the incidence of obstructive coronary atherosclerosis according to coronary angiography is 50%. Diabetes in this category of patients indicates a more frequent obstruction of coronary bed. An increase in the level of MMP-2 and lipocalin in this category of patients is associated with more severe coronary damage and can be considered as an indirect indicator of obstructive coronary atherosclerosis.

Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin on Gamma Radiation- Induced Tissue Damage in Rats

&#x0D; &#x0D; Background &amp; Objective: Gamma rays are widely used in medicine despite their harmful effects on health. Our study evaluated the protective effects of melatonin on kidney, heart, and liver tissues.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: Seventy-two adult male Wistar rats were categorized into nine groups. Groups 2 and 3 only received whole-body γ-ray irradiation (WBI) (2.0 Gy), no melatonin, interval time (IT) 8hr and 24hr. Groups 4 and 5 received WBI (8.0 Gy, no melatonin, 8hr and 24hr). Groups 6 and 7 received melatonin at 60 minutes (min) before WBI(2.0 Gy). Groups 8 and 9 received melatonin before WBI(8.0 Gy). All the rats were sacrificed 8 or 24 h after the experiments for laboratory and histopathological analysis. Serum levels of Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN), Creatinine (Cr), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Potassium (K), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase(SGOT), Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase(SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), c-reactive protein(CRP), Troponine(TPO) and histological features of liver, heart and kidney tissues were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by One-Way ANOVA.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Our data did not indicate significant differences in BUN, Cr, K, and CRP between groups with or without melatonin treatment (P&gt;0.05); but differences were significant for LDH, GGT, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and TPO (P&lt;0.05). The results showed that radiation-induced histopathological effects on the liver, heart, and kidneys were mitigated in the groups six to nine.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The existence of significant differences in serum levels of LDH, GGT, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and TPO in groups(6 to 9) and amelioration of the histopathological effects of irradiation on the liver, heart, and kidneys in the groups six to nine showed that the melatonin(100 mg/kg) is able to protect the body in gamma-radiation(2.0 Gy and 8.0 Gy).&#x0D; &#x0D;

Comparison of Serum Levels of SIL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CRP, ESR and Fibrinogen in Patients with Active and Inactive Behçet’s Disease

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory illness that affects the entire body and is characterized by recurring episodes of oral aphthae, ocular and cutaneous lesions, and scrotal or vaginal ulcerations. The involvement of other organs and systems increases mortality in addition to the significant morbidity. This study involved a total of 40 participants, 20 of whom were healthy controls and 20 of whom were patients (of the 20 Behçet's patients, 12 (60%) were in the active phase and 8 (40%) were in the inactive phase). There was no therapy being given to any of the 20 patients that would have affected their cytokine levels. Only young men made up the patient and control groups because both early onset and male sex are signs of poor prognosis. The ELISA method was used to measure the levels of serum cytokines. The statistical analysis of the derived numerical values employed the Mann-Whitney U Test. We found a significant correlation between serum cytokine levels and classical acute phase markers in active Behçet’s patients. ESR (P &lt; 0,001), CRP (P &lt; 0,001), fibrinogen (P &lt; 0,001), IL-10 (P &lt; 0,001), IL-6 (P &lt; 0,001), SIL-2R (P &lt; 0,001) and TNFα (P &lt; 0,001). There was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of classical acute phase markers ESR (P = 0,746), CRP (P = 0,476) and fibrinogen (P = 0,940) when inactive Behçet’s patients and healthy controls were compared. However, serum levels of IL-10 (P &lt; 0,001), IL-6 (P = 0,001), SIL-2R (P &lt; 0,001) and TNFα (P = 0,001) were statistically different between inactive Behcet's patients and the control group. Our research shows that even in the inactive phase, serum cytokine levels of Behçet’s patients are much higher than the healthy control group. However, the levels of ESR, CRP and fibrinogen, which are classical acute phase markers, were found at normal levels in Behçet’s patients in the inactive phase. These findings show that measurement of serum interleukin levels will enable us to take preventive measures for morbidity and mortality follow-up of Behçet's patients.

Effects of Low-Phosphorus Diets Supplemented with Phytase on the Production Performance, Phosphorus-Calcium Metabolism, and Bone Metabolism of Aged Hy-Line Brown Laying Hens

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation in low-phosphorus diets on the production performance, phosphorus-calcium metabolism, and bone metabolism in laying hens from 69 to 78 weeks of age. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 1350) were assigned randomly to six treatments with five replicates of 45 birds. A corn-soybean meal-based diet with no inorganic phosphates was formulated to contain 0.12% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and 1470 FTU/kg phytase (Released phytate phosphorus content ≥ 0.1%). Inorganic phosphorus (dicalcium phosphate) was supplemented into the basal diet to construct five test diets (level of NPP supplementation = 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30%). The level of calcium carbonate was adjusted to ensure that all six experimental diets contained the same calcium percentage (3.81%). The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks (hens from 69 to 78 weeks of age). Upon supplementation with phytase (1470 FTU/kg), supplemental inorganic phosphates (dicalcium phosphate) had no significant effects (p > 0.05) on the production performance or egg quality. Significant differences in serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc, or manganese were not detected across treatments (p > 0.05). Hens fed NPP (0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30%) had higher levels (p < 0.0001) of tibial ash, calcium, and phosphorus than those not fed inorganic phosphates. The tibial breaking strength of the group without inorganic phosphates was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.01). Dietary supplementation with inorganic phosphates had no effect (p > 0.05) on serum levels of calcitonin (CT) and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). Hens that did not receive supplementation with inorganic phosphates had higher serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG), type-I collagen c-telopeptide (CTX-I), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) compared with those in the other groups (p < 0.01). Serum levels of CTX-I and TRACP-5b were significantly lower in the NPP-supplementation groups of 0.25% and 0.30% than in the 0.10% NPP-supplementation group (p < 0.01). Dietary supplementation with inorganic phosphates had no effect (p > 0.05) on serum levels of bone-alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OCN), or osteopontin (OPN). Hens not fed inorganic phosphate had the highest renal expression of phosphorus transporter type IIa Na/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-Ⅱa). Renal expression of NaPi-Ⅱa was increased significantly in NPP-supplementation groups of 0.10-0.20% compared with that in NPP-supplementation groups of 0.25% and 0.30% (p < 0.0001). The results indicated that a reduction in NPP supplementation to 0.15% (dietary NPP level = 0.27%) with phytase inclusion did not have an adverse effect on the production performance or bone health of laying hens from 69 to 78 weeks of age, which might be attributed to renal phosphorus reabsorption and bone resorption. These findings could support the application of low-phosphorus diets in the poultry industry.

Risk Genetic Variants (IL-10) for Osteoporosis in Han Population from Northwest China.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by loss of bone mass. IL-10 is considered to be a powerful immune and inflammatory suppressor. This study aimed to assess association between genetic loci in IL-10 and susceptibility to OP. Association analysis between IL-10 genetic loci and OP risk through SNPStats online software. FPRP analysis (false-positive report probability) verified whether the positive results were noteworthy findings. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis were completed by Haploview 4.2 and SNPStats. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to assess interaction of SNP-SNP in susceptibility to OP. Allele "G" of IL-10-rs1554286 (OR = 1.21, p = 0.013), allele "C" of IL-10-rs1518111 (OR = 1.22, p = 0.011), allele "C" of IL-10-rs3024490 (OR = 1.20, p = 0.018), and allele "G" of IL-10-rs1800871 (OR = 1.21, p = 0.015) were risk factors for OP. In females, smoking, drinking, or aging ≤60 years old participants, the above genetic loci are also significantly associated with the increased risk of OP. FPRP analysis showed that all positive results are noteworthy findings. There are significant differences in serum levels of uric acid, mean hemoglobin concentration, or mean hemoglobin among different genotypes of IL-10 gene loci. MDR showed that four loci model composed rs1554286, rs1518111, rs3021094, and rs1800871 is the best model for predicting OP risk. IL-10-rs1554286, -rs1518111, -rs3021094, and -rs1800871 are risk factors for susceptibility to OP.

Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status and Disease Severity in a Cohort Study of COVID-19 Patients.

Previous reports have suggested the role of oxidative stress in progression of COVID-19 infection, but there is limited information regarding the effect of antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status of patients with COVID-19 on disease severity. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), TAC/TOS levels, and disease severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This cohort study was carried out at Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from September 2020 to October 2020. Clinical data of 331 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were analyzed and divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups (needed oxygen, intubation, and mechanical ventilation). The patients' TAC, TOS, and TAC/TOS levels were assessed using the serum samples by colorimetric assay kit. We found no significant difference in serum levels of TAC, TOS, and TAC/TOS in terms of the disease severity. These results indicated that total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status may not be the determining factor on the disease severity.

Glomerular Galactose-Deficient IgA1(KM55) Positive May Predict Poorer Prognosis in Coexisting Primary Membranous Nephropathy and IgA Nephropathy Patients.

Primary membrane nephropathy (PMN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are the most common glomerular diseases in China. Because of different pathogenesis, prognosis is significantly different. When the two diseases coexist (PMN/IgAN), the clinicopathological manifestations and prognosis remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of PMN/IgAN patients, with only IgA deposition (PMN/IgA deposition) patients as controls. Galactose-deficient IgA1(KM55) and M-type Phospholipase A2 Receptor(PLA2R), both in circulation and renal tissues, were detected. Furthermore, prognosis of PMN/IgAN was explored. We found that PMN/IgAN also had some clinical features of IgAN in addition to PMN, such as higher serum albumin, along with a similar heavy proteinuria and lower titers of serum anti-PLA2R antibody. The positive rate of glomerular KM55 in PMN/IgAN was 23.5% (20/85), and 0% (0/29) in PMN/IgA deposition. Among those glomerular KM55 positive patients, KM55 and IgA colocalized mainly along the glomerular mesangial and capillary areas. Unfortunately, there was no significant difference in serum level of Gd-IgA1 between KM55+ and KM55- subgroups in PMN/IgAN patients, similar to the PMN/IgA deposition group. Notably, glomerular KM55 positive may predict a poorer prognosis in PMN/IgAN patients. In conclusion, our study suggested that, when glomerular KM55 staining was positive, this special coexisting PMN/IgAN disorder was prone to have more characteristics of IgAN besides PMN, and may predict poorer prognosis, while the mechanism requires further investigation.