Significant Difference In Positive Rate Research Articles

The diagnostic utility of computed tomography scans performed for febrile neutropenia in a single centre

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) imaging has become a first line investigation for most cases of febrile neutropenia (FN) which can be the only sign of infection in oncology patients undergoing active chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants. The utility of routine non-targeted imaging remains unclear. ObjectiveTo assess and compare the diagnostic rate between targeted, non-targeted and pan-scan CT in identifying an acute source of infection in adult oncology patients with FN. Materials and MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted between February 2019 and March 2023 on 417 consecutive CT examinations for the clinical indication of source identification in FN. Scans were noted for the anatomical regions that were imaged and reports were classified as positive, negative or equivocal for infection. Pre-existing pathology was also noted. Results were tabulated and statistical analyses for comparison between groups of scans was performed using chi-square test. ResultsAll targeted regional scans had statistically significant difference in positive rate compared to non-targeted scans of the respective region; chest (Χ²(1)=18.11, P<.001); sinus (Χ²(1)=15.36, P<.001); abdomen and pelvis (Χ²(1)=5.95, P=.01). Pneumonia (41.3 %) was much more likely to be the diagnosis compared to sinusitis (16.2 %) in concomitant CT chest to sinus examinations (Χ²(1)=45.3, P<.001). Pan-scans had a higher incidence of positive diagnosis compared to all-targeted scans (Χ²(1)=4.91, P=.03) but when compared to higher yield targeted scans (abdomen and chest), there was no statistical difference (Χ²(1)=2.43, P=.12). 20/54 patients had pan-scans despite having localising symptoms. ConclusionImaging guided by presenting signs and symptoms can help to reduce unnecessary imaging and promote more judicious use of non-targeted and pan-scan CT in current practices.

Relationship between chemical industrial environment and allergic skin diseases.

This study is an exploration of the relationship between chemical industrial environment and allergic skin diseases. In this retrospective analysis, 200 patients with allergic skin diseases who worked or lived in a chemical industrial zone and were admitted in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2020 were enrolled as Group A. Besides, 500 patients with allergic skin disease who lived in Zhenhai New District, five kilometers away from the chemical radiation zone, were selected as Group B. The specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined by Western blotting. The allergen positivity, as well as allergen positivity between different age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were compared between the two groups. The positive food-specific allergen IgE antibody (sIgE) and positive inhalational sIgE were compared between the two groups. The positive rate of total IgE and inhalational sIgE in Group A was higher than that in Group B (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in positive rate in food sIgE between the two groups (P>0.05). In Group A, the differences in positive rates of total IgE, food-induced sIgE and inhalational sIgE were not significant between patients with different ages, sexes and BMI (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in sIgE positive rates of wheat, mango, soybean/peanut/cashew nut combination, limb/beef combination, crab/shrimp/fish combination, milk and egg white (P>0.05). The positive rates of inhalational sIgE in tree combination and dust mites/household dust mites combination in Group A were higher than those in Group B (P<0.05), but had no significant difference between the two groups in the positive rates of inhalational sIgE in Humulus japonicus, mold combination 1, cockroach, cat/dog hair combination, and ragweed/artemisia combination (P>0.05). Chemical industrial environment is closely associated with allergic dermatosis, and the positive rate of total IgE and inhalational sIgE increases significantly in patients living there.

Prevalence of Ureaplasma species among patients at a tertiary hospital in China: a 10-year retrospective study from 2013 to 2022.

Ureaplasma species are common pathogens of the urogenital tract and can cause a range of diseases. Unfortunately, there is still a scarcity of large-scale and cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of Ureaplasma species in China to clarify their epidemic patterns. This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 18667 patients who visited Peking Union Medical College Hospital for showing various symptoms of (suspected) Ureaplasma species infection during the period 2013-2022. The overall prevalence of Ureaplasma species was calculated, and subgroup analyses were conducted in view of gender, age, specimen types, and diagnosis in every year within the period studied. Furthermore, previous literature that reported on the prevalence of Ureaplasma species in various regions of China was searched and summarized. The overall positive rate of Ureaplasma species in this study reached 42.1% (7861/18667). Specifically, the prevalence of Ureaplasma species was significantly higher in female patients, while the highest detection rate was found in the 21-50 age group. From 2013 to 2022, there were no significant differences in positive rates of Ureaplasma species among years. However, the detection rate of Ureaplasma species was decreased in COVID-19 period (2020-2022) compared to pre-COVID-19 period (2017-2019). In view of the distribution of patients, outpatients predominated, but the detection rate was lower than inpatients. Urine was the most common specimen type, while cervical swabs had the highest detection rate of Ureaplasma species. When grouped by diagnosis, the highest positive rate of Ureaplasma species was seen in patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes and the lowest rate in patients with prostate disease. The previous literature, although heterogeneous, collectively suggested a high prevalence of Ureaplasma species in China. Our study has shown that Ureaplasma species have reached a significant prevalence in China and demands adequate attention.

Influence of Early Family Nurturing Environment on Children's Psychological and Emotional Social Development.

A good family environment and rearing mode play important roles in children's physical and psychological growth. This study aims to clarify the specific influence of early family nurturing environment on children's emotional and social development through longitudinal observation to provide theoretical reference for promoting the healthy development of children's bodies and minds. Overall, 1320 parents of children aged 2 to 6 yr old in Xinyang City, Henan Province in 2021, were selected by stratified sampling. The children's physical and mental development, family rearing environment and emotional and social development were investigated by questionnaire. 58.03% family rearing environment is good, 27.95% normal, and 14.02% bad. There were significant differences in positive rates of adaptive ability, social behavior, language, developmental quotient score and emotional sociality among children in different families (all P<0.05). Language/cognition was significantly positively correlated with adaptive ability, social behavior, language and developmental quotient (all P<0.05), and social adjustment/self-care was significantly positively correlated with adaptive ability, social behavior, language and developmental quotient (all P<0.05). Emotional warmth/environmental atmosphere was negatively correlated with implicit behavior and disorder and positively correlated with ability (all P<0.05). Language/cognition was positively correlated with explicit behavior and ability (all P<0.05). Social adjustment/self-care was negatively correlated with explicit behavior and positively correlated with ability (all P<0.05); Neglect/punishment was significantly negatively correlated with explicit behavior, implicit behavior and disorder and significantly positively correlated with ability (all P<0.05). The early family environment affects children's physical, mental, emotional and social development.

High genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusiinyaks (Bos grunniens) fromGanzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in humans and various animals, threatening the breeding industry and public health. However, there is limited information on the molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in yaks, an economically important animal mainly domesticated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. In the present study, nested PCR targeting the ITS gene region was applied to investigate the positive rates and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in 223 faecal samples of yaks from three locations in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The total positive rate of E. bieneusi was 23.8% (53/223). Significant differences in positive rates were identified among yaks from three locations (χ2=8.535, p=0.014) and four age groups (χ2=17.259, p=0.001), with the highest positive rates in yaks from Yajiang and aged < 6 months, respectively. Sequence analysis identified seven known (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, J and BEB4) and five novel (Ganzi1-5) ITS genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed eight genotypes (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, Ganzi1, Ganzi2 and Ganzi4) in group 1 and three genotypes (J, BEB4 and Ganzi3) in group 2, indicating high genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in yaks from Ganzi. Considering the increasing zoonotic genotypes in yaks in the present study compared with previous findings, interventions should be developed to reduce the potential transmission of E. bieneusi between humans and animals.

The Value of Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor Markers Detection in Lung Cancer Diagnosis.

Circulating tumor cells are complete tumor cells with multi-scale analysis values that present a high potential for lung cancer diagnosis. To enhance the accuracy of lung cancer diagnosis, we detected circulating tumor cells by the innovated conical micro filter integrated microfluidic system. We recruited 45 subjects of study, including 22 lung cancer patients, 2 precancerous patients, the control group including 14 healthy participants, and 7 patients with lung benign lesions in this prospective study. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of circulating tumor cells, cytokeratin19 fragment, carcinoma embryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma, neuron-specific enolase, and their combination, respectively, while compared the circulating tumor cells levels between vein blood and arterial blood. A conical shape filter embedded in a microfluidic chip was used to improve the detection capability of circulating tumor cells. The study indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of circulating tumor cells detection were 81.8%, 90.5%, 90.0%, and 82.6%, respectively. The circulating tumor cells level of lung cancer patient was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < .05). The area under the curve of circulating tumor cells, cytokeratin19 fragment, carcinoma embryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma, and neuron-specific enolase alone was 0.838, 0.760, 0.705, 0.614, and 0.636, respectively. The combination area under the curve of the 4 tumor markers (cytokeratin19 fragment, carcinoma embryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma, and neuron-specific enolase) was 0.805 less than that of circulating tumor cells alone. Together, the total area under the curve of circulating tumor cell and the 4 tumor markers were 0.847, showing the highest area under the curve value among all biomarkers. In addition, this study found that there was no significant difference in positive rate of circulating tumor cell between arterial and venous blood samples. The circulating tumor cells detection technology by conical micro filter integrated microfluidic could be used for lung cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Complementary combination of circulating tumor cells and conventional 4 lung cancer markers could enhance the clinical application accuracy. Venous blood should be used as a routine sample for circulating tumor cells detections.

Seroepidemiology of Tetanus among Healthy People Aged 1-59 Years Old in Shaanxi Province, China.

The study aims to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against tetanus among healthy people aged 1−59 years old in Shaanxi province. IgG against tetanus in serum samples were detected by ELISA. 6,439 subjects were enrolled. The positive rate (≥0.01 IU/mL) was 84.39% and GMC was 0.03 IU/mL. There were significant differences in positive rates (χ2 = 308.944, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 5,200,000, p < 0.01) among different age groups. The positive rates (χ2 = 304.3, p < 0.01) and GMCs (χ2 = 146.417, p < 0.01) showed regional differences. Both full protection rate (≥0.1 IU/mL) (χ2 = 36.834, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 688,000, p < 0.01) increased with the doses of tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCVs) administered. The positive rate (χ2 = 54.136, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 140,200, p < 0.01) decreased gradually with the time interval after full immunization with TTCVs. The full protection rate (≥0.1 IU/mL) (χ2 = 176.201, p < 0.01) and GMC (Z = 629,900, p < 0.01) decreased with the interval (years) since the last dose of TTCVs. There were significant differences in the positive rates and GMCs for different ages, regions, immunization histories of TTCVs, and doses of TTCVs administered. The full protection rate and GMC decreased with the interval following full immunization with TTCVs and the interval since the last dose of TTCVs. The importance of using tetanus booster doses should be emphasized in adolescents and adults.

Assessment of S-Specific IgG and IgM Positive Rates in Healthy Hospital Staff Members Vaccinated with the Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.

Widespread vaccination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine makes the assessment of antibodies' positive rates essential. In this study, a total of 378 hospital staff members vaccinated with the vaccine were selected as research subjects. Serum-specific IgG and IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) were detected, and S-specific IgG and IgM positive rates were analyzed in different age and sex groups, as was the serological pattern of IgG/IgM. The positive rates of IgG and IgM were 92.06% and 44.44%, respectively. The percentage of both IgG and IgM positive (IgG+IgM+) was 43.92%. A total of 182 vaccinees (46.90%) were IgG positive and IgM negative (IgG+IgM-), and 28 vaccinees (7.41%) were negative for both IgG and IgM (IgG-IgM-); 2 participants were positive for IgM alone (IgG-IgM+). In sex subgroups, the rate of IgM positivity was significantly higher in the male group than in the female group (p = 0.027). In different age subgroups, positive rates for IgG in the young group were significantly higher than those in the other group (p = 0.035). Furthermore, ratios of sample values to cutoff values (S/CO values) for IgG in vaccinees who were S-specific IgG positive were compared, and the S/CO values of IgG were significantly higher in the younger group than in the other group (p < 0.001). When comparing the influence of sex on two specific serological patterns (IgG+IgM- and IgG+IgM+), a significant difference in positivity rates was detected (p = 0.011). Male vaccinees were more likely than females to have an IgG+IgM+ pattern.

Correlation between circulating tumor cells and different molecular biological characteristics in breast cancer patients.

This study sought to detect the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer patients, and examine the relationship between CTCs and molecular biological characteristics. From June 2016 to June 2018, 150 female patients with invasive breast cancer detected by CTCs at the Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Hospital were enrolled in this study. The patients had an average age of 52.6±7.8 (range, 35-77) years. Routine pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on tissues obtained during surgery. In this study, CTCs were detected using the immunomagnetic bead negative enrichment technique (i.e., the Cyttel technique). The measurement data are expressed by x ± s, and were compared by t-tests. A univariate analysis of variance was used to compare differences between groups. The count data are expressed as the absolute value, and the test χ2 or Fisher's exact test were used to compare differences. There were 109 cases of positive CTC (≥3 CTCs/4 mL) (72.7%), and 41 cases of negative CTC (<3 CTCs/4 mL) (27.3%). There were no significant differences in terms of age and menopausal status between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of CTC in T1, T2, and T3 and above patients (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the CTC positive rate between ER positive and negative patients, PR positive and negative patients, and Ki-67 ≥14% and <14% patients (P>0.05). However, there was a statistical difference in the positive rate of CTC between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive and negative patients (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the CTC positive rate among patients with Luminal A type, B type, HER-2 overexpression type, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of CTC among patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, and other types of invasive carcinoma (P>0.05). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between CTC and HER-2 expression, which has certain predictive value for patients with positive HER-2 expression, thus predicting poor prognosis.

Clinical Significance of Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas

Introduction: The clinical implications of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical correlations of pre- and post-treatment plasma EBV-DNA concentrations with treatment outcomes and prognosis in patients with PTCL. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 128 patients diagnosed with PTCL with available data on pre-treatment plasma EBV-DNA, including 63 patients for whom post-treatment plasma EBV-DNA data were also available. Patients with extra-nodal NK/T-<X00_Del_TrennDivis></X00_Del_TrennDivis>cell lymphoma were excluded from this study. Results: Pre-treatment plasma EBV-DNA was elevated (e.g., ≥500 copies/mL) in 35.2% of PTCL patients, with significant differences in positive rates between different subtypes of PTCL (p < 0.001). High pre-treatment EBV-DNA concentrations were associated with advanced age (>60 years), elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, high International Prognostic Index (IPI), and positive EBV-encoded RNAs-ISH in tumor specimens. In multivariate analyses, pre-treatment EBV-DNA ≥500 copies/mL was an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for IPI and pathological subtypes (hazard ratio = 2.14, p = 0.032). For patients with elevated pre-treatment EBV-DNA, normalization of EBV-DNA concentrations after first-line chemotherapy was significantly associated with better overall response rate (81.3% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.014), progression-free survival (12.0 months vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.011), and overall survival (37.9 months vs. 7.8 months, p = 0.012). For patients achieving remission to first-line therapy, rebound of EBV-DNA levels during follow-up was associated with disease relapse or progression. Conclusions: These results suggest that pre-treatment plasma EBV-DNA concentration is a strong prognostic factor for PTCL. For patients with elevated pre-treatment EBV-DNA, dynamic monitoring of EBV-DNA changes after initiation of therapy is useful for predicting treatment outcome and disease relapse.

Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens indigenous peoples living in suburban areas of large Brazilian cities and has thus far intensified their pre-existing socio-economic inequalities. We evaluated the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of the biggest urban multiethnic indigenous community of the Amazonas state, Brazil. Blood samples of 280 indigenous people living in the surrounding area of Manaus were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG antibodies. The risk factors and sociodemographic information were assessed through an epidemiological questionnaire. We found a total positivity rate of 64.64% (95% CI 59.01–70.28) for SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgA and IgG were detected in 55.71% (95% CI 49.89–61.54) and 60.71% (95% CI 54.98–66.45) of the individuals, respectively. Over 80% of positive individuals were positive for both IgA and IgG.No significant difference in positivity rates between genders or age groups was observed. Moreover, the age group ≥ 60 years old showed the highest antibody ratios (IgA mean ratio = 3.080 ± 1.623; IgG mean ratio = 4.221 ± 1.832), while the age groups 13–19 and 20–29 showed the lowest IgA (mean ratio = 2.268 ± 0.919) and IgG ratios (mean ratio = 2.207 ± 1.246), respectively. Individuals leaving the home more frequently were at higher risk of infection (Odds ratio (OD) 2.61; 95% CI 1.00–1.49; p = 0.048). Five or more individuals per household increased fivefold the risk of virus transmission (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.09–6.01; p = 0.019). The disproportionate dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed among the study population might be driven by typical cultural behavior and socioeconomic inequalities. Despite the pandemic threat, this population is not being targeted by public policies and appears to be chronically invisible to the Brazilian authorities.

Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundAsymptomatic carriers were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without developing symptoms, which might be a potential source of infection outbreak. Here, we aim to clarify the epidemiologic and influencing factors of asymptomatic carriers in the general population.MethodsIn our hospital, all hospital staff have received throat swab RT-PCR test, plasma COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibodies test and chest CT examination. We analyzed the correlation between infection rates and gender, age, job position, work place and COVID-19 knowledge training of the staff. After that, all asymptomatic staff were re-examined weekly for 3 weeks.FindingsA total of 3764 hospital staff were included in this single-center cross-sectional study. Among them, 126 hospital staff had abnormal findings, and the proportion of asymptomatic infection accounted for 0.76% (28/3674). There were 26 staff with IgM+, 73 with IgG+, and 40 with ground glass shadow of chest CT. Of all staff with abnormal findings, the older they are, the more likely they are to be the staff with abnormal results, regardless of their gender. Of 3674 hospital staff, the positive rate of labor staff is obviously higher than that of health care workers (HCWs) and administrative staff (P<0.05). In the course of participating in the treatment of COVID-19, there was no statistically significant difference in positive rates between high-risk departments and low-risk departments (P>0.05). The positive rate of HCWs who participated in the COVID-19 knowledge training was lower than those did not participate in early training (P <0.01). Importantly, it was found that there was no statistical difference between the titers of IgM antibody of asymptomatic infections and confirmed patients with COVID-19 in recovery period (P>0.05). During 3 weeks follow-up, all asymptomatic patients did not present the development of clinical symptoms or radiographic abnormalities after active intervention in isolation point.InterpretationTo ensure the safety of resumption of work, institutions should conduct COVID-19 prevention training for staff and screening for asymptomatic patients, and take quarantine measures as soon as possible in areas with high density of population.FundingThe Key Project for Anti-2019 novel Coronavirus Pneumonia from the Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Wuhan Emergency Technology Project of COVID-19 epidemic, China.

The Clinical Application Value of Multiple Combination Food Intolerance Testing

We aimed to investigate the clinical value of detecting 14 food intolerances. A total of 312 patients with food intolerance enrolled in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University (Qiqihar, China) from Feb 2016 to Feb 2017 were selected. ELISA was used to detect intolerance specific IgG antibodies for 14 foods (pork, chicken, beef, shrimp, fish, crab, egg white/yolk, tomato, mushroom, milk, corn, rice, soybean, wheat). The highest average positive rate of the patients was 42.31% for the crab, followed by shrimp 21.15%, egg white/yolk 18.27% and milk 16.99%. The positive rate from high to low was crab, shrimp, egg white/yolk, milk, fish, corn, soybeans, tomatoes, rice, mushrooms, wheat, pork, beef, chicken. There were significant differences in the specific IgG antibody positive rates between shrimp, soybean and wheat in the skin symptoms group, gastrointestinal symptoms group, respiratory symptom group and nervous system symptom group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the positive rate of specific IgG antibodies between shrimp, crab and egg white/yolk in the adolescent group, the middle-aged group and the elderly group (P<0.05). The detection of food-specific IgG antibodies can help to determine which food intolerance caused the disease, and then adopt a fasting or diet method to avoid eating unsuitable foods and continually damaging the body, thus maintaining good health. The detection method provides a new idea for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases.

Allergic sensitization in patients with rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Ningxia region of China.

Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are common allergic diseases. The pattern of dominant allergens depends on the degree of urbanization and the geographic region. The present study characterized the allergens of patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Ningxia region of China. A total of 309 patients were enrolled in this study. Western blotting assays were performed of the serum samples to evaluate allergen-specific IgE antibody for inhaled and ingested allergens. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the positive rate among different subgroups. Among the 309 patients, 221 of them had positive test results. There were 157 positive cases for ingested allergens and 174 positive cases for inhaled allergens. No significant differences in positive rates were found between the ingested and inhaled allergens. Among the inhaled allergens, Artemisia was the most frequent allergen, followed by fungi and dog hair. Cashew was the most common ingested allergen, followed by crab, mango, and beef. Further analysis showed no significant differences in positive rate between males and females. However, significant differences in positive rate of inhaled and ingested allergens were found between children (1-13 years old) and adults (above 18 years old) (P < .05), while no significant differences were found between the children and teenagers (14-18 years old). For the comparison between teenagers and adults, significant difference in positive rate was found only in the ingested allergen. This study provided the characteristics of allergens in Ningxia population, providing clinical and epidemiological data for prevention and treatment of the diseases in the region.

Diagnostic value of 18F-AV45 positron emission tomography for cerebral microbleeds of different regions

Objective To analyze the relationship of cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)of different regions, especially mixed-CMBs, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)detected using 18F-AV45 positron emission tomography(PET). Methods A total of 52 consecutive patients(68.17±9.89 years old)with memory decline and CMBs found in susceptibility-weighted images(SWI)according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria were recruited.Patients were divided into three groups based on different regions of CMBs, the strictly lobar CMBs(SL-CMBs)group, the deep-CMBs(D-CMBs)group and the mixed-CMBs(M-CMBs)group.Patients in the three groups underwent 18F-AV45 PET detection and then were analyzed based on the results of 18F-AV45 PET. Results The positive rates of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the SL-CMBs, M-CMBs and D-CMBs groups were 68.4%(13/19), 82.4%(14/17) and 25.0%(4/16), respectively, with statistical significance(P=0.002). There were significant differences in positive rates of cerebral amyloid angiopathy between the D-CMBs group and the M-CMBs group and between the D-CMBs group and the SL-CMBs group(P=0.001 and 0.010, respectively), while there was no difference between the M-CMBs and SL-CMBs groups in positive rates of cerebral amyloid angiopathy(P=0.335). Using the D-CMBs group as the reference group, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of positive CCA detected by PET in SL-CMBs and M-CMBs were 30.585(95%CI: 2.492-375.360)and 8.107(95%CI: 1.072-61.295), respectively. Conclusions Compared with D-CMBs, M-CMBs and SL-CMBs are more likely to be related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.The presence of M-CMBs also indicates that patients have a high probability of CAA. Key words: Cerebral hemorrhage; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Hypertension; Positron emission tomography

Etiologic surveillance and analysis of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome in Jinan city in 2013-2016

Objective: To characterize the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of the acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan city in 2013-2016. Methods: The epidemiological data, clinical diagnosis, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from 3 577 AMES cases in 6 sentinel hospitals in Jinan city in 2013-2016. Samples of all cases were made sero-diagnosis for Immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and negative cases of JEV for enterovirus (EV), mumps virus (MuV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virus isolation and molecular identification were performed. Positive rates were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: In 2013-2016, the positive rates of JEV, EV, MuV and HSV were 9.0% (322/3 577 cases), 22.1% (643/2 916 cases), 9.9% (289/2 916 cases), 26.9% (783/2 916), respectively. Of these, the positive rates of JEV were 32.9% (261/794), 1.2% (14/1 175), 1.0% (8/807) and 4.9% (39/801 cases); EV: 19.5% (91/466), 35.1% (342/974 cases), 15.5% (115/743) and 13.0% (95/733); MuV: 9.2% (43/466), 14.4% (140/974), 9.0% (67/743) and 5.3% (39/733). HSV: 35.4% (165/466), 38.5% (375/974), 25.7% (191/743) and 7.1% (52/733). There were significant differences in positive rates of 4 kinds of viruses in 2013-2016 (P<0.001). A total of 81 EV strains belonging to 8 serotypes were isolated from 1 020 CSF specimens. The positive rates were 4.8% (6 cases), 13.1% (55 cases), 4.1% (7 cases) and 4.2% (13 cases) from 2013 to 2016. Coxsackievirus (CV) B5, echovirus (E) 6 and E30 accounted for 46% (37 isolates), 22% (18 isolates) and 21% (17 isolates) of all strains. Conclusion: The AMES cases in Jinan city in 2013-2016 were mainly caused by HSV, EV, MuV, JEV. CVB5, E6 and E30 were the dominant serotypes of EV associated with AMES cases in Jinan city.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and low-grade systemic inflammation in 50 patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Objective To investigate the incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and systemic low-grade inflammation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods From June to October in 2017, 50 cases of IBS patients who met Rome Ⅳ criteria were consecutively collected at Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology of Shanghai Huashan Hospital. The incidence of SIBO was detected by hydrogen lactulose breath test (LBT) and methane LBT. The incidence of systemic low-grade inflammation in IBS patients was determined by fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO) breath test. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results Among 50 IBS patients, the positive rate of FeNO was 70%(35/50), and the number of FeNO positive cases in diarrhea-predominant (n=28), constipation-predominant (n=14) and mix-type (n=8) IBS paitents was 18, 11 and six, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant among three groups (χ2=1.020, P=0.600). The incidence rate of SIBO was 60% (30/50), with 20 cases (40%) being only positive for hydrogen LBT, seven cases (14%) being methane LBT, and three cases (6%) being both positive. The numbers of hydrogen LBT and methane LBT in diarrhea-predominant, constipation-predominant, and mix-type IBS patents were 17, three, three and two, six, two, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in positive rates of hydrogen LBT and methane LBT among three groups (χ2=6.076 and 6.392, both P<0.05). The positive rate of FeNO in IBS patients with SIBO was higher than that of IBS patients without SIBO (90%, 27/30 vs. 40%, 8/20), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.286, P<0.01). Conclusions Combination of hydrogen LBT and methane LBT has a higher detection rate of SIBO than traditional single hydrogen LBT. There is a correlation between SIBO and systemic low-grade inflammation in IBS patients. Key words: Irritable bowel syndrome; Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; Lactulose breath test; Systemic low-grade inflammation

Detection and clinical application of the isothermal amplification of Mycoplasma pneumonia RNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children

Objective To assess the ability of simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) in bacteria detection, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children was collected and detected by SAT, combined with in vitro culture experiment, providing theoretical support for the application of SAT in the diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP). Methods A total of 572 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with community acquired pneumonia during October 2015 and December 2017 in Tianjin Children′s Hospital were collected and detected by Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP)nucleic acid quantitative assay and SAT technology. Among them, 161 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were also detected using in vitro culture and the positive ones for MP were analyzed by nucleic acid quantification and SAT after exposing to high concentration of antibiotic. Results The positive rates of MP by nucleic acid quantitative assay and SAT technology in 572 samples were 74.7% (427/572) and 71.9% (411/572), respectively. These two detection methods have high consistency (χ2=1.142, P=0.285). According to the test results of SAT, the positive rates of male and female were 72.7% (224/308) and 70.8% (187/264), respectively. There was no significant difference of positive rate between different sex (χ2=0.252, P=0.616). The positive rate of MP in 4-14 years old children (78.1%, 317/416) was higher than that in infants (≤3 years) (56.6%, 94/166) (χ2=26.811, P=0.000). After adding azithromycin (5 MIC) to MP positive medium for 5 days, the result of nucleic acid quantification was positive but SAT was negative. Conclusions SAT technology is a rapid, sensitive and specific method for detection of MP. In addition, SAT technology could identify the dead and live bacteria and could evaluate the effect of clinical treatment effectively.(Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 770-774) Key words: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Nucleic acid amplification techniques; Microbial sensitivity tests

The Analysis of Yellow Fever Virus Antigen in Human Serum from Epidemic Areas of Tianjin Port, China, 2013

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics ofyellow fever virus(YFV) antigen in human serum from epidemic areas in 2013. Methods: The people from the yellow fever epidemic areas of Tianjin port were selected as study object.260 samples were collected together with detailed personal information. And each sample contained 5ml venous blood. Indirect ELISA was used to detect YFV antigen. The dengue virus antigen and west nile virus antigen were also detected in positive samples to reduced cross reactivity. Positive rate was calculated. Statistical methods were used to compare the differences of the positive rates between different countries, genders, ages, occupations and entry time. Results: All respondents came from Africa and South America. The total positive rate of serum antigenofYFV was 11.54%(30/260). Of which, the positive rates of African and South American people were 12% and 10.91%, respectively. The positive rates of male and female were 11.88% and 10.34%, respectively. The positive rate of &gt;40 year old age group was the highest, up to 14%. In the time distribution, the positive rate of fourth-quarter entry personnel was up to 15.91%.There was no significant difference in positive rate between different countries, genders, ages, and entry time, except occupations. Workers engaged in labor service positive rate was 35.71%. Conclusion: TheYFVantigen positive rate of people from epidemic areas in 2013 was high. These people carrying pathogens pose a threat to public health security of China as a potential source of infection. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of YFV antigen among people with different occupations.

Correlations of ER, PR, Her-2 and CK5/6 expression with histological characteristics features and prognosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ

This study aimed to investigate the correlations of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) protein expression with histological characteristics features and prognosis of breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Fortyeight cases of breast DCIS specimen were enrolled in this study. The samples were histologically typed and graded. The immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the expression of ER, PR, Her-2 and CK5/6 protein. Results showed that, the positive rates of ER and PR protein expression in non-comedo type DCIS group were significantly higher than those in comedo type DCIS group, respectively (P 0.05). There was significant difference of positive rate of ER, PR, Her-2 protein expression among histological grades I-III (P 0.05). The expression of ER protein was positively correlated with PR protein expression (r=0.764, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with Her-2 protein expression (r=-0.643, P<0.001); the expression of PR protein was negatively correlated with Her-2 protein expression (r=-0.622, P<0.001). In 4 recurrent DCIS cases, Her-2 protein expression was positive in 3 cases. ER, PR and CK5/6 protein expressions were negative in all 4 cases. In conclusion, ER, PR, Her-2 protein expressions are significantly correlated with the histological types and histological grades of breast DCIS. The positive Her-2 protein expression is related to the prognosis of breast DCIS.