Significant Difference In Fasting Blood Sugar Research Articles

Association of ABCC8 gene variants with response to sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with high blood glucose levels and sulfonylureas (SFUs) are one of the treatment options for DM. SFUs bind to sulfonylurea-1 receptor (SUR1), which is encoded by the ABCC8 gene and leads to blood glucose reduction. Genetic variants like rs757110 and rs1799854 of ABCC8 can influence the response to the drug's efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the ABCC8 rs757110 and rs1799854 genetic variants and response to SFUs treatment. Totally, 61 DM patients with SFUs treatment were included. Baseline characteristics of the patients were recorded and 5 ml of blood was taken from each patient. After DNA extraction, a sequence containing rs757110 and rs1799854 was synthesized by the PCR method, and the PCR products were used for Sanger sequencing. Frequencies of GG, GA, and AA genotypes of rs1799854 variant was 12 (40%), 14 (46.7%), and 4 (13.3%), and the frequencies of CC, AC, and AA genotypes for rs757110 variant was 3 (9.7%), 5 (16.1%) and 23 (74.2%) in, respectively. Patients with different genotypes had the same age, BMI (body mass index), initial FBS (Fasting blood sugar), initial HbA1c, treatment duration, gender and history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise. There was no significant difference in FBS and HbA1c changes after SFUs treatment between patients with rs757110 variant (p = 0.39 for FBS and p = 0.76 for HbA1c) and rs1799854 (p = 0.24 for FBS and p = 0.36 for HbA1c). The rs1799854 and rs757110 variants of the ABCC8 gene had no significant influence on response to SFUs treatment.

Effect of Fasting during Ramadan on Inflammatory Markers in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Studies have recognized an association between inflammation and T2DM and its complications. Fasting is used as a medical treatment for a variety of ailments. For all healthy adult Muslims, fasting throughout Ramadan is a religious obligation.
 Aims: The goal of this study was to back up a recent discovery about the regulatory effects of Ramadan fasting on inflammation in T2D patients.
 Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.
 Date and Location of Study: The study was conducted in Benghazi Diabetes Center in April 2019, two weeks before the holy Ramadan. Methodology: Blood samples for inflammatory markers (WBC, hs- CRP, Fibrinogen) and glycemic control, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and HbA1C were collected from 72 patients with type 2 diabetes from Benghazi diabetic clinic two weeks before the holy Ramadan fasting.
 Following up (at least after the first ten days of Ramadan fasting), another sample of the same Laboratory testing was taken. The difference was tested using a paired T-test, with a P- value of less than 0.05 being considered significant. The trial was completed by 58 individuals, and 14 patients were dropped out.
 Results: Our findings revealed that there was no significant difference in FBS and hs-CRP levels before and during Ramadan fasting, but Fibrinogen levels were significantly different (P = <0.001) before and during Ramadan fasting, with Fibrinogen levels being higher during fasting. Interestingly, WBC levels were lower during than before fasting, with the difference being slightly significant (P = .06). When it comes to differential counts (neutrophils P =.009, lymphocytes P = .746), The hemoglobin (P=< 0.001) and platelets (P=.028) were significantly lower during Ramadan fasting compared to pre-Ramadan level.
 During Ramadan fasting, the mean value of fasting blood sugar, hs-CRP, and WBC was lower in a group of patients with HbA1C less than 7 compared to a group with HbA1C greater than 7, although the difference was not statistically significant. Fasting blood sugar during Ramadan was strongly connected with hs-CRP (Pearson correlation = 0.289, P =.032), but not with HbA1C, even after adjusting for age, waist circumference, and BMI.
 The interval of diabetes was not related to any of the inflammatory indicators examined in this investigation.
 Conclusion: Except for WBC count, fasting Ramadan (first ten days) had no significant effects on most inflammatory indicators.

Effects of dietary advanced glycation end-products restriction on renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy; a randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Introduction: It has been proposed that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are contributory factors in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. Interventions regarding restriction dietary AGEs (dAGEs) intake indicate improvement in clinical outcomes. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effects of 10-week low AGEs diet (LAGEsd) based on recommended diabetic diet (DD) versus DD alone on glycemic status, lipid profile, serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR and urine albumin in patients with DN. Patients and Methods: This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 62 patients with DN. Patients were assigned randomly to LAGEsd (n=31) and DD (n=31) groups for 10 weeks. All patients were prescribed calorie adjusted diet in regards to American Diabetes Association’s recommendation. In addition, patients in the LAGEsd group were instructed how to reduce dAGEs intake based on established guidelines. Demographic data were collected and dietary intakes, physical activity level, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipid profile, sCr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin to creatinine ratio (Alb/Cr), and urine albumin were measured before and after of 10-weeks intervention, and compared between the two groups. Results: The results showed that dAGEs intake decreased significantly in the LAGEsd group compared with the DD group (P<0.001). In the LAGEsd group, eGFR improved significantly compared with the DD group (18.77±20.99 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus 1.57±21.06 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P=0.002); however there were no significant difference in FBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, sCr, BUN, urine Alb/Cr, and urine albumin between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: In sum, dAGEs restriction plus DD is superior to DD alone in improvement of renal function marker in patients with DD. Trial Registration: This study was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20191004044979N1, https://en.irct.ir/trial/42914, ethical code #IR.SUMS.REC.1398.798).

Correlation of fasting blood sugar at the time of penile prosthesis surgery with the level of glycated hemoglobin and the outcome of surgery

BackgroundThe role of glycemic control in predicting implant infection and other surgical complications is debatable. This study aimed to assess the potential correlation between fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels prior to penile prosthesis surgery (PPS) and the surgical outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study from data collected prospectively in 2015 in a single center. Patients who underwent penile implant procedures were included. Exclusion criteria were if surgery done by low-volume implanter, patients who required revision surgery or not diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Management was standardized to all patients.ResultsAll complications whether minor or major were documented up to three years. One year after the surgery a Likert scale questionnaire was completed by the patients. In total, 218 patients completed the study at last follow-up. Complications rate was 6.25%. The rate of infection requiring explantation was 3.8%. 0.9% of patients had a superficial infection managed successfully with conservative management. 0.9% had erosion and 0.9% had mechanical failure. There was no statistically significant difference in FBS or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with postoperative complications compared to patients with satisfactory postoperative course. FBS level on the day of surgery was within 20 mg/dL (1.11 mmol/L) of the expected range based on HbA1c measurement in 62 patients (28.44%), while in 146 patients (66.98%) the FBS was not within 20 mg/dl (1.11 mmol/L) of the expected range based on preoperative HbA1c level.ConclusionFBS levels on the day of surgery are not correlated with HbA1c levels and PPS outcomes.

Effect of 12 weeks aquatic Exercises on Diabetic and motor performance indexes and quality of life in diabetic women with heart failure

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), as an increasing health problem worldwide, can be associated with severe cardiovascular complications. The quality of life is adversely affected by type 2 diabetes and there were proposed different methods for prevention and treatment of diabetic induced problem. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aquatic aerobic exercises on motor performance and quality of life in diabetic female patients with heart failure. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 36 diabetic women with heart failure referring to Tabriz Madani hospital voluntarily participated in this study and assigned to one of two groups: control(n=18) and experimental (n=18) group. Aquatic exercises were carried out under the supervision of an aquatic expert three sessions a week for 12 weeks, each session lasting 60 minutes with intensity of 4-6 in RPE Borg classification. Patients in the control group continued their normal daily living activities. Quality of life and motor performance were assessed using SF-36 questionnaire and 6 min walking test (6MWT). Blood sampling was gathered 48 h before and after training protocol for analyzing diabetic indexes such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-18, ANOVA 2*2 and independent T tests at the significant level α <0.05. Results: After intervention, there were significant differences in FBS (P=0/007), HbA1c (p=0/012), 6MWT (P=0/000) and subscales of quality of life such as role limitations due to emotional problems (0/01), energy/fatigue (p=0/04), subtitle of physical health (p=0/036) and subtitle of psychological health (p=0/002) between experiment and control group. Conclusion: The aquatic exercises, as a safe and effective exercise Method, could be helpful in improving the motor functions and quality of life of diabetic females with heart failures.

Association between Glycemic Indices, hs-CRP and Anthropometrical Parameters of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Risk of obesity, inflammatory conditions and poor glycemic control have been reported to be lower among vegetarian T2DM patients due to their lower intake of fat, high intake of dietary fiber and micronutrients. However, several factors influence dietary practices and thereby glycemic control among patients which demands in depth observation. A cross-sectional observational study to examine the association between body composition, glycemic control and hs-CRP of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients was conducted on 160 uncontrolled T2DM patients including 81 (50.6%) vegetarians and 79 (49.4%) non-vegetarians with mean age of 49.8±7.2 years. They were assessed for body composition using anthropometry. Biochemical parameters [(Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high sensitive C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)] were obtained from their case files. Data were analysed using SPSS software for Windows (Version 16.0, 2007, SPSS Inc, Chicago IL). Anthropometric indices (weight, BMI, WC, hip circumference, WHR, BMR, visceral fat) and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in vegetarians than non-vegetarians (p&amp;lt;0.05). However, there was no significant difference in FBS, PPBS and HbA1C between the two groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). Vegetarian participants had higher hs-CRP (≤3.0 mg/dl) and poor glycemic control. A positive correlation of anthropometry indices with hs-CRP was also observed among the participants (p&amp;lt;0.05). Dietary practices of vegetarians might vary across the populations and communities and hence there is a strong need to strictly consider these differences in the development of dietary strategies for T2DM.

Glycemic Control by Exercise and Urtica Dioica Supplements in Men With Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease in which hyperglycemia is a major symptom, and is associated with numerous vascular and non-vascular complications. People with diabetes use medicinal treatment to exert glycemic control, as well as exercise training and herbal remedies, such as urtica dioica (UD). Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training and UD supplementation alone, and in combination, on glycemic control in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2014, in the city of Dezful, Iran. A total of 40 males (aged 30 - 50 years) with T2DM were selected and randomly divided into one of four groups in equal numbers (n = 10): 1 - aerobic training (Ae), 2 - UD supplements (UD), 3 - a combination of aerobic training and UD supplements (Ae + UD), and 4 - a control group. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 48 hours after the intervention period, following 10 - 12 hours of fasting. A t-test and analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in the measured parameters, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (FBS) was observed in the Ae group (-9.50 ± 6.96 mg/dl; P = 0.002), the UD group (-7.60 ± 6.04 mg/dL; P = 0.001), and the Ae + UD group (-18.30 ± 6.63 mg/dL; P < 0.001) after 8 weeks. There was a significant difference in FBS between the three intervention groups and the control group. In addition, a significant difference in FBS (P < 0.05) was shown between the UD and Ae + UD groups. Conclusions: The findings confirmed the positive influence of UD supplements and aerobic training on glycemic control in males with T2DM. When aerobic training was combined with a UD supplement, a greater degree of glycemic control was observed.

The Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose of Type II Diabetes Patients

The incidence of type II diabetes is increasing across the world. Dietary modifications help the patients to control blood glucose. Traditional herbs and spices are commonly used for control of glucose among which cinnamon (Ròu Guì; Cinnamomum cassia) has the greatest effect. Research has shown that adding cinnamon to diet can help to lower the glucose level. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cinnamon on the glucose level in blood. This was a Randomized clinical trial in which 70 Patients with type II diabetes were assigned randomly two groups (35 in cinnamon and 35 in placebo group). The groups were matched in terms of body mass index (BMI), HbAlc and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Patients were treated with cinnamon and the placebo group was treated with placebo in addition to their routine treatment for 60 days. FBG levels and glycosylated hemoglobin of patients on the first day, and 1 and 2 months after treatment were measured. Data were analyzed using t-test and paired t-test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).16 software. The mean levels of FBS before, and 1 and 2 months after the intervention were 174 ± 59, 169 ± 43 and 177 ± 45; respectively. The levels of HbAlc before and after the intervention in the cinnamon group were (8.9 ± 1.7 and 8.9 ± 1.6). There was no significant difference in FBS and glycosylated hemoglobin levels between the two groups (P = 0.738 and P = 0.87, respectively). Results showed that using certain amount of cinnamon for 60 days did not change the glucose level of diabetic patients. So, using cinnamon to type II diabetes patients cannot be recommended and more studies are needed in future.

Effects of a Self-Management Short Course Instruction on Glycemic Control in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Education is an integral part of the treatment in diabetes mellitus. Attendance at long courses might not be convenient for many patients. Objectives: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of self-management, short course instruction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: A total of 60 patients with diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated into intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and blood sugar (BS) (5pm) tests were conducted. The intervention group received instructionabout self-management in diabetes mellitus for two hours, during two sessions. They were followed-up for three months with telephone calls. Patients asked any questions they had during these calls. After three months the patients’ FBS and BS were recorded again. The same process took place in the control group without training. Independent sample t-test and chi-square tests were used to analyze data using SPSS version 16.0. Results: The sample included 60 patients with a mean age of 46 ± 2.14 years. The FBS dropped from 151 mg/dL to 110 mg/dL in the intervention group (P = 0.02). While it increased from 146 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL in the control group. The BS also decreased from231 mg/dL to 196 in the intervention group. (P = 0.05), but it increased from 240 to 247 in the control group (P = 0.09). There was a significant difference in FBS and BS tests in the two groups after three months. (P = 0.002, P = 0.05), respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that a short course of instruction is effective in glycemic control. It is suggested that further research is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of self-management long course instruction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes mellitus.

Comparison of metabolic syndrome criteria in obese and overweight children

Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of disorders which occur in relation to increasing body weight. Only a few studies have reported the differences in the fulfillment of MS criteria between obese and overweight children, and none were from Indonesia.Objective To detennine the differences in metabolic syndrome disorders between obese and overweight children.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Manado from May to August 2010. The diagnosis of MS is established by fulfilling three of five criteria: waist circumference ≥90th percentile, blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile, fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥110 mg/dL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) ≤40 mg/dL. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) of&gt; 3 SD and overweight as BMI of 2-3 SD. Results Results ere analyzed by x2 and t-test. Results Thirty obese and 30 overweight children aged 10-14years were examined for the disorders of MS. Twenty􀁄three obese and 4 overweight children had waist circumferences ≥90th percentile. Seventeen obese and 3 overweight children had blood pressure ≥90th percentile. No significant differences in FBS, HDL, and triglycerides were observed between the two groups. Thirteen obese children met the MS inclusion criteria, while only 1 overweight child did so (P&lt;0.001).Conclusions High blood pressure (≥90th percentile) and waist circumference (≥90th percentile) occurred were observed at higher frequency in obese children than in overweight children. The occurrence of MS in obese children was significantly higher than in overweight children.