Significant Differences In Anxiety Scores Research Articles

Effect of neroli-flavored chewing gum on anxiety

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of neroli-flavored chewing gum in reducing anxiety. A single-blind, two-group study was conducted on 72 university students. Participants were randomly assigned to either the commercial neroli-flavored chewing gum (CNC) group or the natural hydro-distilled neroli-flavored chewing gum (NNC) group. The research instrument used was Spielberger's State-Anxiety questionnaire. While there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the CNC and NNC groups before the intervention, a significant difference was observed in anxiety scores 20 min after the intervention. Within-group comparisons indicated statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test values of anxiety in the NNC group. The results of this study suggest that natural hydro-distilled neroli-flavored chewing gum can reduce anxiety in university students.

The relationship between boredom proneness, the behavioral inhibition system, and anxiety in college students: variable-centered and person-centered analytic approaches.

To explore the relationship among boredom proneness, the behavioral inhibition system, and anxiety among college students based on variable-centered and person-centered analytic approaches. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1,102 college students from a university in Hebei Province using the Boredom Proneness Questionnaire (BPQ) for College Students, the Behavioral Inhibition System Scale (BIS), and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7). The results reveal that boredom proneness was negatively correlated with scores on the behavioral inhibition system (r = -0.100, p < 0.01), and positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.457, p < 0.001), while the behavioral inhibition system was positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.086, p < 0.01). In the variable-centered analyses study, it was found that the behavioral inhibition system partially mediated the association between boredom proneness and anxiety. In the person-centered analyses study, three subtypes were identified: the high boredom-low inhibition group (9.35%), the moderate boredom-inhibition group (66.70%), and the low boredom-high inhibition group (23.95%). Individuals in these subtypes showed significant differences in anxiety scores (F = 4.538, p < 0.05), with the low boredom-high inhibition group scoring the highest. The results showed that the behavioral inhibition system partially mediates the relationship between boredom proneness and anxiety in college students; boredom proneness and the behavioral inhibition system exhibit group heterogeneity, with distinct classification features closely related to anxiety.

Pengaruh Terapi Musik Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Pasien Pre Kateterisasi Jantung

This study aims to determine the effect of music therapy on reducing anxiety in pre-cardiac catheterization patients. The method used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The data collection technique uses an anxiety questionnaire, namely HARS (Hamilton Rating Scale). The data analysis technique uses paired sample t-test. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of music therapy on reducing anxiety in pre-cardiac catheterization patients (p&lt;0.05), where this was indicated by a significant difference in anxiety scores before and after giving music therapy. In conclusion, there is an effect of providing music therapy on reducing anxiety in pre-cardiac catheterization patients. Keywords: Anxiety, Cardiac Catheterization, Music Therapy.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEGREE OF OPTICAL NERVE DAMAGE ON LEVEL OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY PATIENT WITH PRIMARY GLAUCOMA

Introduction &amp; ObjectivesGlaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible global blindness and the second most commoncause of blindness in the world after cataracts. Depression and anxiety often occur in glaucomapatients when glaucoma is first diagnosed, the effect of decreased vision function in glaucoma, sideeffects of glaucoma therapy both medically and surgically and financial effects due to length oftreatment and loss of job due to limited vision. This study aims to determine the relationship of thedegree of optic nerve damage to the level of depression and anxiety in patients with primaryglaucoma.&#x0D; MethodsThis research is an analytic, prospective observational research with a cross-sectional studyapproach. The relationship between independent variables and dependent variables was analyzed.&#x0D; ResultsThe Man Whitney test found a significant difference in anxiety scores between the severe and mildto moderate groups with a p value of 0.020 . The ANCOVA test found that there was a relationshipbetween the degree of optic nerve damage in primary glaucoma and the level of anxiety aftercontrolling for control variables.&#x0D; ConclusionThis study can be concluded that there is a difference in the level of anxiety between the degree ofsevere and mild to moderate optic nerve damage. The level of anxiety itself corresponds to thedegree of damage to the optic nerve. The more severe the damage to the optic nerve, increased ofthe patient's anxiety score.

The disparities of dental anxiety in adult dental patients: a sociodemographic and dental visit experience analysis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Patient anxiety can impede dental treatment adherence. Several factors influence patient anxiety, including sociodemographic characteristics and prior dental visit experiences. This study aims to analyze the disparities of dental anxiety in adult dental patients from sociodemographic and dental visit experience analysis point of view. Methods: Type of research was cross-sectional study. The population was all dental patients during May 30th and June 16th, 2023 at the Cipondoh Public Health Center in Tangerang City. Sixty-one patients were purposely sampled from the dental clinic. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire containing five questions regarding sociodemographic factors and dental visit experiences. Each question offered respondents five response options, represented by scores. Anxiety was measured using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 with Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: Among the 61 participants, 33.1% reported experiencing dental anxiety, with an average MDAS score of 8.92. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in anxiety scores based on age (p&lt;0.05), gender (p&lt;0.05), education level (p&lt;0.05), and dental visit experience (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: There are significant anxiety differences in adult patients based on sociodemographic factors, including gender, age, educational level, and dental experience factors. Keyword : dental anxiety, socioeconomic factors, dental visit, adult

Relieving effect of mental health education combined with ideological and political education on students with anxiety disorder

Background Due to pressure from academic competition and future career planning, anxiety disorder has become one of the most common psychological problems among college students. Anxiety disorder not only affects their learning outcomes, but also causes interference in their daily lives. Psychological health education aims to help students understand and manage their emotions, while ideological and political education focuses on cultivating students’ values, worldviews, and outlook on life. The research aims to explore the effectiveness of combining mental health education with ideological and political education in the treatment of anxiety disorder in students.Subjects and Methods The study randomly divided 164 college students with psychological anxiety into an experimental group and a control group. The control group received routine ideological and political education, while the experimental group received a combination of mental health education and ideological and political education. The experiment lasted for three months. The study used the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) to evaluate the intervention of anxiety disorders in students.Results Before the experiment, there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the two groups of students (P&gt;0.05); After last month, the anxiety symptoms of the experimental group students were significantly improved and significantly lower than those of the control group students (P&lt;0.05).Conclusions The combination of mental health and ideological and political education can effectively alleviate students’ psychological anxiety and provide a positive impact on their learning and life.AcknowledgementKey project of research and practice on higher education teaching reform in Henan Province in 2021 (No. 2021SJGLX951).

Incorporating the “moving westward” spirit into higher education practical teaching to mitigate student anxiety: an exploratory study

Background Modern college students are faced with multiple pressures, leading to an increasing incidence of anxiety incidence rate. Traditional teaching models may not achieve ideal results in response to the special needs of such students. The spirit of moving westward, as a valuable experience in the history of New China, represents the spiritual core of overcoming difficulties and striving hard. The study will explore how to combine the “spirit of westward migration” with practical teaching to cultivate students’ psychological resilience and promote their healthy growth.Subjects and MethodsThe study focused on 90 students with anxiety disorder and randomly divided them into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group students adopted the “spirit of moving westward” to integrate into the practical teaching of university education courses, while the control group students adopted traditional teaching methods. The study used the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) to evaluate the intervention of anxiety disorders in students.Results Before the experiment, there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the two groups of students (P&gt;0.05); After the experiment, the anxiety symptoms of the experimental group students were significantly improved and significantly lower than those of the control group students (P&lt;0.05).ConclusionsThe integration of the “spirit of westward migration” into practical teaching of higher education courses can alleviate students’ anxiety symptoms and have a positive effect on their learning and physical and mental health.AcknowledgementThe Ministry of Education’s 2021 Special Project for Teachers of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Colleges and Universities - Teaching Research Project (No. 21JDSZK070).

USING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL IN COVID-19 TEACHING PROTOCOLS FOR PRE-HOSPITAL EMERGENCY TECHNICIANS:IMPACT ON INFECTION PREVENTIVE BEHAVIORS AND ANXIETY

ntroduction: Emergency medical technicians, being the first-line medical team in emergency situations, experience higher levels of anxiety. On one hand, strict regulations regarding the use and management of protective equipment and specialized trainings on COVID-19 patients can reduce anxiety resulting from perceived unfamiliarity and uncontrollable risks. On the other hand, the Health Belief Model is one of the effective models in health education. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of teaching COVID-19 coping protocols based on the Health Belief Model on infection preventive behaviors and anxiety among pre-hospital emergency technicians. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 technicians who expressed their willingness to participate were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups using random allocation (via random allocation of bases). The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the COVID-19 anxiety scale, and a self-developed questionnaire on infection preventive behaviors based on the Health Belief Model, which were completed before and one month after the intervention. During the intervention, educational content was delivered through e-mail or WhatsApp in four sessions. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: According to the Bonferroni test, a significant difference was observed in the mean total score of infection preventive behaviors based on the Health Belief Model and all its dimensions. However, according to the independent t-test, there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the two groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model did not have an impact on anxiety among pre-hospital emergency technicians in dealing with COVID-19. However, the study identified the efficacy of all dimensions of this model in observing preventive behaviors against COVID-19 in these technicians. In other words, by applying this model, there is an opportunity to improve awareness and understanding of risk factors and the benefits of behavior change. This, in turn, helps in overcoming barriers, enhancing self-efficacy, and improving preventive behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize this model in designing preventive programs to increase the likelihood of the intervention success.

Maternal distress during pregnancy related to preeclampsia

Introduction: Maternal distress related to the occurrence of preeclampsia. The distress condition may disrupt the neuroendocrine and immune systems, activating the maternal HPA axis and increasing serum cortisol levels. The latter may affect the placental cortisol lvel, may alter the trophoblast invasion, which is the main pathology of preeclampsia. This study aims to assess the correlation between maternal distress and the incidence of preeclampsia using PSS and DASS-21 questionnaires. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at two secondary hospitals in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia from December 2022 until February 2023. Twenty women with preeclampsia and seventeen non-preeclamptic women as control were included in this study. Maternal distress was measured using self-reported PSS and DASS-21 questionnaires. Results: Preeclamptic women were significantly more depressed and stressed than the control group, while there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between groups. Maternal distress measured by PSS score positively correlated with the occurrence of preeclampsia (p&lt;0,05; β-value 0,742). Conclusion: Maternal distress conditions were correlated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Further research still needs to be done to unravel the mechanisms by which maternal distress can induce preeclampsia.

Comparison of quality of life, anxiety, and satisfaction with rehabilitation services among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders and those without autistic children in Ahvaz-Iran

Background. Mothers with autistic children suffer a lot of psychological and physical pressures that can affect their quality of life, emotional states, and judgment about medical services. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life, anxiety, and satisfaction with rehabilitation services for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders and of non-autistic children in Ahvaz-Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 128 mothers with autistic children and 30 mothers with non-autistic children needing rehabilitation interventions were selected from Ahvaz rehabilitation centers. All participants were asked to complete Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREIF) questionnaire, 14-item Perceived Stress Scale as well as Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a multivariate three-way ANOVA test. Results. It was found that mothers of autistic children had a significantly lower quality of life score than those without autistic children (P&lt;0.001). However, the two groups had no significant difference in anxiety score (P=0.114) and satisfaction (P=0.079). Factors such as age, education, and occupation of mothers significantly affected the results (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, mothers whose autistic children received rehabilitation services under one month had lower quality of life (P=0.003) and a higher level of anxiety (P=0.025) than those who received rehabilitation over six months. Conclusion. Middle-aged housewives with autistic children had the lowest mean quality of life score among all mothers studied. Mothers with a university education reported a lower level of satisfaction compared to mothers without a university education, indicating a higher level of expectations for their rehabilitation outcome. Practical Implications. Research findings can be applied in managing rehabilitation services for autistic children and their families.

The Effectiveness of Telecounseling on Anxiety and Self-Care Dysmenorrhea in Young Women

Background: The menstrual period is a cyclic physiological phenomenon where several problems can arise, including irregular cycles, excessive bleeding and dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem experienced by adolescents and one of several causes of pelvic pain that harms the quality of life and restrictions on adolescent activities. One of the preventive interventions that have been successfully implemented by health promotion programs for individuals is telecounseling. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of telecounseling on anxiety and self-care dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls at MA Darul Ulum, Palangka Raya City.Methods: Quasi Experimental Research with pretest-posttest with control group design. The study was conducted on 42 respondents in the intervention group and 42 respondents in the control group in MA Darul Ulum, Palangka Raya City.Results: There are a significant difference in anxiety scores (p value = 0.000) and self care scores (p value = 0.044) between the intervention group and the control group. Then the decrease in anxiety score (6.71) in the intervention group was higher than the anxiety score (1.19) in the control group. The increase in self-care scores (47.85) in the intervention group was higher than the self-care scores in the control group (37.15).Conclusions: Telecounseling is effective in reducing anxiety scores and increasing self-care scores for girls with dysmenorrhea.

The Role of Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Cancer-Related Fatigue and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common symptom in breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy (RT). Acupuncture was reported to be effective in the management of CRF due to enhanced vagus nerve activity and improved lymphopenia. We hypothesized that transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) is effective for CRF in a more convenient and non-invasive way. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> From April 2020 to December 2021, a total of 247 breast cancer patients receiving RT to the breast/chest wall ± regional lymph nodes were included in this study. Patients were randomized 2:1 to the tVNS group (n=163) or the sham tVNS group (stVNS group, n=84). The electrode clip was placed on the tragus with power on or off, once daily throughout RT. Both the patient and the assessing physician were blinded to the assignment. The primary endpoint was improvement of CRF in one month after RT (measured by the Brief Fatigue Inventory, BFI) and the change of lymphocytes during RT. Secondary endpoint included anxiety and depression (measured by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), the sleep dysfunction (measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and quality of life (measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04563013. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. In CRF improvement, the median (quartile) of BFI total score and comprehensive fatigue effect score of tVNS group was significantly lower than that in stVNS group (1.0 [0.3, 2.2] vs 1.7 [0.7, 3.6], <i>p</i>=0.015; 0.8 [0, 1.6] vs 1.4 [0.7, 3.8], <i>p</i>=0.005, respectively). The change in lymphocytes of tVNS group were significantly less than that in stVNS group from baseline to week 4 (median, -0.8 × 10⁹/L vs -1.0 × 10⁹/L, <i>p</i>=0.014), and to the end of RT (median, -0.9 × 10⁹/L vs -1.0 × 10⁹/L, <i>p</i>=0.004). In terms of psychological status, tVNS significantly lowered the total score (median, 3.0 vs 7.0, <i>p</i>=0.012) and the depression score (median, 1.0 vs 3.0, <i>p</i>=0.005) of HADS one month after RT. No significant difference in anxiety scores between the two groups (median, 2.0 vs 4.0, <i>p</i>=0.085). Patients in tVNS group had less sleep latency (median scores, 1.0 vs 2.0, <i>p</i>=0.042) and better social functioning (median scores, 100.0 vs 83.3, <i>p</i>=0.020) than stVNS group in one month after RT. No ear irritation or obvious changes in the external skin were observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> tVNS can significantly improve the CRF, lymphopenia, and quality of life in breast cancer patients receiving RT.

THE IMPACT OF RELATIVE INCOME ON FARMERS' PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND ANXIETY INHIBITION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

THE IMPACT OF RELATIVE INCOME ON FARMERS' PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND ANXIETY INHIBITION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

Transfer of thawed frozen embryo versus fresh embryo to improve the healthy baby rate in women undergoing IVF: the E-Freeze RCT.

Freezing all embryos, followed by thawing and transferring them into the uterine cavity at a later stage (freeze-all), instead of fresh-embryo transfer may lead to improved pregnancy rates and fewer complications during in vitro fertilisation and pregnancies resulting from it. We aimed to evaluate if a policy of freeze-all results in a higher healthy baby rate than the current policy of transferring fresh embryos. This was a pragmatic, multicentre, two-arm, parallel-group, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Eighteen in vitro fertilisation clinics across the UK participated from February 2016 to April 2019. Couples undergoing their first, second or third cycle of in vitro fertilisation treatment in which the female partner was aged < 42 years. If at least three good-quality embryos were present on day 3 of embryo development, couples were randomly allocated to either freeze-all (intervention) or fresh-embryo transfer (control). The primary outcome was a healthy baby, defined as a live, singleton baby born at term, with an appropriate weight for their gestation. Secondary outcomes included ovarian hyperstimulation, live birth and clinical pregnancy rates, complications of pregnancy and childbirth, health economic outcome, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores. A total of 1578 couples were consented and 619 couples were randomised. Most non-randomisations were because of the non-availability of at least three good-quality embryos (n = 476). Of the couples randomised, 117 (19%) did not adhere to the allocated intervention. The rate of non-adherence was higher in the freeze-all arm, with the leading reason being patient choice. The intention-to-treat analysis showed a healthy baby rate of 20.3% in the freeze-all arm and 24.4% in the fresh-embryo transfer arm (risk ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.15). Similar results were obtained using complier-average causal effect analysis (risk ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 1.10), per-protocol analysis (risk ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 1.26) and as-treated analysis (risk ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.29). The risk of ovarian hyperstimulation was 3.6% in the freeze-all arm and 8.1% in the fresh-embryo transfer arm (risk ratio 0.44, 99% confidence interval 0.15 to 1.30). There were no statistically significant differences between the freeze-all and the fresh-embryo transfer arms in the live birth rates (28.3% vs. 34.3%; risk ratio 0.83, 99% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.06) and clinical pregnancy rates (33.9% vs. 40.1%; risk ratio 0.85, 99% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.11). There was no statistically significant difference in anxiety scores for male participants (mean difference 0.1, 99% confidence interval -2.4 to 2.6) and female participants (mean difference 0.0, 99% confidence interval -2.2 to 2.2) between the arms. The economic analysis showed that freeze-all had a low probability of being cost-effective in terms of the incremental cost per healthy baby and incremental cost per live birth. We were unable to reach the original planned sample size of 1086 and the rate of non-adherence to the allocated intervention was much higher than expected. When efficacy, safety and costs are considered, freeze-all is not better than fresh-embryo transfer. This trial is registered as ISRCTN61225414. This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 25. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

The Difference in Anxiety Scores Prior and After Cataract Surgery among Bilateral Senile Cataract Patients at Sumatera Eye Center Medan

BACKGROUND: A cataract defines as a dense, cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eyes, altering one’s physical function, as well as social and psychological aspects. The only definitive treatment option for cataracts is surgery which may lead to anxiety either before the intervention, on intervention, or after the intervention. AIM: This study is to investigate the difference in anxiety scores among bilateral senile cataract patients at Sumatera Eye Centre Medan before and after undergoing cataract surgery. METHOD: This comparative analytical study was carried out using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale to assess anxiety symptoms experienced by 40 bilateral senile cataract patients. Measurement was taken twice, before the surgery ad after undergoing surgery. RESULT: There is a significant difference in anxiety scores before and after undergoing surgery (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in anxiety scores before and after undergoing surgery among our subjects. We also found that anxiety is more likely to occur before the surgery.

Comparative study of the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on anxiety and pain of parturients with different COMTva1158met genotypes

ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of COMTval158met gene polymorphism on maternal anxiety and pain during delivery and on the analgesic and anxiety efficacy of dexmedetomidine during delivery.MethodsSixty-one pregnant women, who were hospitalized in our hospital from January to November of 2016 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, F and D groups. The pregnant women in the F group were given labor analgesia with ropivacaine combined with fentanyl. The pregnant women in the D group were given labor analgesia with ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine. Before and after labor analgesia, the genotype of COMT in the blood from two groups was detected, and the situation of labor anxiety and analgesia was analyzed. Then, the relationship between labor anxiety, analgesia, and COMT polymorphism was analyzed.ResultsIn the 61 pregnant women, there were 30 women of wild homozygotes (GG) of COMT, 22 women of mutant heterozygotes (GA), and nine women of mutant homozygotes (AA), the mutation rate of allele A was 23.77%. The anxiety status score, anxiety trait score, and pain score in the AA genotype were significantly higher than those in the GG and GA genotype (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the efficacy of GG and AA genotypes between groups D and F for treating labor anxiety (p < 0.05), the efficacy of group D was better than that of group F in treating delivery anxiety, there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the two groups in GA genotypes (p > 0.05); there was no significant difference in pain between group D and F in GG, GA, and AA genotypes (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pain and anxiety scores between the three genotypes in group D (p > 0.05), there was significant difference in pain scores among the three genotypes in group F (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in anxiety (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe mutation of the COMTval158met gene leads to increased anxiety and pain during childbirth. The effect of dexmedetomidine on the anxiety of GG and AA genotypes is better than that of fentanyl, and the mutation of the COMTval158met gene has no impact on dexmedetomidine effect.

Abstract No. : ABS3199: Comparison of self-selected music and prefixed music on reduction of perioperative Anxiety in adult Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general Anaesthesia

Background &Aims:Preoperativeanxiety in patientsis associated with psychological effects.The current study aimed to compare the effects of self selected(SS) musicand prefixed (PF) musicin reducing preoperative anxiety.Methods:In this study, 90 patients posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into three groups equally. Patients in group SS and group PF listened toSSand PFfor 20 minutes in preoperative roomrespectively. Music continued until reversal of anaesthesia. Vitals of patients, VASscore for pain and post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV)score were noted at 1st and 2nd hour after surgery.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in anxiety score between SS and PF (p<0.05), between SS and Control(C)(p<0.05) and between PF and C (p<0.05). After music intervention of 20 minutes , heart rate, SBP at T2 was significantly reduced in SS and PF. At T5, thePONVscore was lower in SS and PF than C. There was significant difference in PONV score between SS and C (p<0.0001) and between PF and C (p<0.0003) There was significant difference inVASscore between SS and PF (p<0.05) , between SS and C (p<0.0001) and between PF and C (p<0.0001)Conclusion:SSmusic was more effectiveandenabled to maintain stable haemodynamic parameters throughout the surgery in reducing anxiety than PFmusic. PONV scores were comparable between SS and PFmusicgroups. SS music was more efficient in providing pain relief than PF music.

Mental Health and Related Factors of Adolescent Students During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Objective Adolescents are at a special stage of physical and mental development, which is a susceptible period for mental disorders. Since the outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia in December 2019, long term stress may have negative effects on the mental health of the adolescents. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the study was designed to investigate the mental and psychological health of adolescents in China and its possible related factors. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted using a structured questionnaire which were distributed through the Internet to measure depression, anxiety, life events and stress related factors. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were conducted to process the data. Results The final sample comprised 795 adolescents. The total detection rate of depression was 76.48% and the total detection rate of anxiety was 33.08%. ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in depression scores in terms of gender, anxiety scores, history of mental disorders, COVID-19 knowledge reserve, family and social contradictions (p<0.05). And there were significant differences in anxiety scores in terms of gender, depression scores, mental health knowledge reserves, family and social contradictions (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety score, health status and COVID-19 knowledge reserve were positively associated with depression score (p<0.01), and history of psychosocial disorders was negatively associated with depression score (p<0.05); depression score, family and social contradictions were significantly positively correlated with anxiety score (p<0.01), and history of mental disorders was significantly negatively correlated with SDS score (p<0.01). Conclusion During the outbreak of COVID-19, adolescent students with better understanding of the pandemic, more complete knowledge of mental health, and better family and social relationship had less impact on their mental health. Therefore, to ensure a sound social support system, elaborate health instruction, and family communication and mutual understanding are conducive to alleviating the psychological stress caused by the epidemic, and it is positive for adolescent students to maintain a good mental health.

Depression, Anxiety, and Daily Activity Among Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to adolescents’ daily lives and, potentially, to their mental health. The pandemic has also disproportionately affected historically marginalized and at-risk communities, including people of color, socioeconomically disadvantaged people, people identifying as female, and youth.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand differences in depression and anxiety among 2 groups of adolescents in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine demographic and daily activity variables associated with depression and anxiety.MethodsOnline surveys were distributed in 2019 and 2020. Demographic questions were asked at the time of enrollment, and included participants’ age, gender, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). The 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of depression, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale was used to assess symptoms of anxiety. A total of 4 pandemic-specific daily activity questions were asked only of the pandemic group. Analyses of covariance compared depression and anxiety between prepandemic and pandemic groups. Demographic and lifestyle variables were included as covariates.ResultsThe sample comprised a total of 234 adolescents, with 100 participants in the prepandemic group and 134 participants in the pandemic group. Within the pandemic group, 94% (n=126) of adolescents reported being out of school due to the pandemic, and another 85.8% (n=115) and 57.1% (n=76) were prevented from extracurricular activities and exercise, respectively. Higher depression was seen in the pandemic group, with a least-squares adjusted mean of 7.62 (SD 1.36) compared to 6.28 (SD 1.42) in the prepandemic group, although the difference was not significant (P=.08). There was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the 2 groups (least-squares adjusted means 5.52, SD 1.30 vs 5.01, SD 1.36; P=.48). Within the pandemic group, lower SES was predictive of anxiety, such that those in the pandemic group of lower SES were more anxious than their higher-SES peers (least-squares adjusted means 11.17, SD 2.34 vs 8.66, SD 2.16; P=.02). Within the pandemic group, being out of work or school and not partaking in extracurricular activities or exercise due to the pandemic were not associated with higher depression or anxiety scores.ConclusionsIn this study, neither being in the pandemic group nor experiencing changes in daily activity due to the pandemic was associated with higher depression or anxiety. However, we found that adolescents from lower SES backgrounds experienced significantly more anxiety during the pandemic than their more privileged peers. Both instrumental and mental health interventions for low-income adolescents are imperative.

PSYCHOEDUCATION REDUCES ANXIETY IN ELDERLY WITH HYPERTENSION IN NAMBAKOR VILLAGE SARONGGI DISTRICT SUMENEP

Introduction: The problems in hypertension will cause emotional or mental disorders, one of which is anxiety. Feelings arise due to the fear and ignorance of an individual about hypertension experienced and the impact that will occur in the future. Psychoeducation is the provision of information about disease management and individual psychological aspects. This study aims to determine the effect of psychoeducation on the anxiety level of elderly patients with hypertension in Nambakor Village, Saronggi District.Methods: This research method is pre-experimental with the research design is one group pre test post test. The sampling technique used is Random Sampling and the number of samples is 30 respondents. Data collection using a questionnaire on the level of anxiety Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.Result: The results showed that the mean of the anxiety score before the psychoeducation intervention was 24,43±7,60 and the mean of the anxiety score after the psychoeducation intervention was was 23,23 ± 7,83. The results of the paired t test of anxiety score was p = 0.002, means that there is significant difference in anxiety scores before and after psychoeducation.Conclusion: There is an influence of psychoeducation on the level of anxiety in the elderly with hypertension. The conclusion obtained is that psychoeducation can increase knowledge in patients with hypertension so that it is expected to be one form of intervention that can be applied.