Significant Difference In Angle Research Articles

The initial angle of the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve: a novel start-of-test criteria of spirometry in children.

The aim of the present study was to define an initial angle called β and to assess its diagnostic value for identifying poor-quality maneuvers in spirometry testing in children. Furthermore, its predictive equation or normal value was explored. Children aged 4-14years with respiratory symptoms who underwent spirometry were enrolled. Based on the efforts labeled during maneuvering and the quality control criteria of the guidelines, children were categorized into good-quality and poor-quality groups. According to ventilatory impairment, children in the good-quality group were divided into three subgroups: normal, restricted, and obstructed. Angle β was the angle between the line from the expiratory apex to the origin of coordinates and the x-axis of the maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. Demographic characteristics, angle β, and other spirometric parameters were compared among groups. The diagnostic values of angle β, forced expiratory time (FET), and their combination were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Data from 258 children in the good-quality group and 702 healthy children in our previous study were used to further explore the predictive equation or normal value of angle β. The poor-quality group exhibited a significantly smaller angle β (76.44° vs. 79.36°; P < 0.001), significantly lower peak expiratory flow (PEF), FET, and effective FET (ETe), and significantly higher expiratory volume at peak flow rate (FEV-PEF) and ratio of extrapolated volume and forced vital capacity (EV/FVC) than the good-quality group. There was no significant difference in angle β among the normal, restricted, and obstructed groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that smaller angle β and FET values indicated poor-quality MEFV curves. The combination of angle β < 74.58° and FET < 4.91s had a significantly larger area under the curve than either one alone. The normal value of angle β of children aged 4-14years was 78.40 ± 0.12°. Conclusions: Angle β contributes to the quality control evaluation of spirometry in children. Both angle β < 74.58° and FET < 4.91s are predictors of poor-quality MEFV curves, while their combination offers the highest diagnostic value. What is Known: • A slow start is one of the leading causes of poor-quality maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves, which is a particularly prominent issue among children due to limited cooperation, especially those younger than 6years old. • It is relatively difficult to differentiate between ventilatory dysfunction and poor cooperation when a slow start occurs in children; therefore, there is an urgent need for an objective indicator that is unaffected by ventilatory impairment to evaluate quality control of spirometry. What is New: • The initial angle β, which was introduced at the ascending limb of the MEFV curve in the present study, has a certain diagnostic value for poor-quality MEFV curves in children. • Angle β < 74.58° is a predictor of poor-quality MEFV curves, and its combination with FET < 4.91s offers a higher diagnostic value.

Evaluation of edema formation and salivary EGF related to 810 nm diode laser and conventional surgery after frenectomy

The surgical procedure that lessens edema formation after frenectomy surgery is important.Re-epithelialization with lasers occurs differently from conventional surgery, and this can affect the salivary EGF level. The aim of this study was to determine edema caused by frenectomy surgery and compare the amount of EGF in saliva. Conventional and 810 nm diode laser surgery performed with thirty-four patients. Laser parameters were 400 µm fiber with 2.5 W output energy, in continuous mode.3D face scan data was obtained with a Planmeca Proface Mid device and analyzed with the 3D metrology method using the CloudCompare V2 software. Cephalometric analysis was performed using 2D profile photographs with Geogebra software. Edema measurements were repeated on day 1 (T1), day 3 (T2) and day 14 (T3). All saliva samples were collected at T1 and T3 and salivary EGF concentration was determined using the ELISA method. In conventional surgery, a significant difference was found between ΔT2-T1 and ΔT3-T1 in 3D metrology measurements (p=0.0046). In 2D cephalometric measurements there was significant differences in Angle A T2-T1 vs. Angle A T3-T1 (p=0,0014) and vs. Angle B T2-T1 (p=0,0017) and vs. Angle B T3-T1 (p=0,0087) in conventional surgery. There were no significant changes in edema measurements of laser surgery. The laser frenectomy does not produce edema significantly (p=0,1232). There were no significant changes between groups in salivary EGF measurements (p&amp;#62;0.999). The 810 nm laser surgery produced less edema than conventional surgery. The 810 nm diode laser does not significantly affect salivary EGF.

Effect of Trunk Position on Trapezius Muscle Activity and Ratio during Performing Modified Seated Cable Row Exercise

Background Changes in trunk angle as part of modifying the seated cable row exercise (MSCRE) are associated with trapezius muscle activity and ratio. Purpose This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle activity and ratio for the upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles during the MSCRE in healthy participants without shoulder pain. Study design Cross-sectional study Methods We included participants who were 23 healthy individuals aged 23–39 years. The participants performed a pulling motion three times during the MSCRE at each of the following trunk angles: upright posture 0°, forward lean 30°, and backward lean 20°. Surface electromyography was performed for the UT, MT, and LT muscles during the 5-s isometric contraction, with the participant in a preset position, while the muscle activity was normalized with the maximal voluntary isometric contraction using the manual muscle test. Results The UT and LT muscle activities showed significant differences in angle (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05); the highest muscle activity was observed for the UT at backward lean 20° and LT at forward lean 30°. The UT/MT and UT/LT ratios showed significant differences in angle (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05), with the highest values observed at backward lean 20° for both the ratios. Conclusions These results suggest that the forward lean 30° trunk angle was most suitable for the MSCRE in the selective strengthening of the LT muscle, indicating that the trunk should be tilted forward during exercise for normal and balanced recovery of trapezius muscle activities in shoulder rehabilitation.

Shaping Ability of Reciproc Blue Versus One Curve in Curved Canal: An In-Vitro Study.

The introduction of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments improved the root canal preparation of the narrow and curved root canals, especially after the introduction of thermomechanical treated (NiTi) alloys that have a high flexibility to prepare the curved canal reducing the common clinical complication, such as fracture, the change of the original shape of the root canal as a result of the change in the curvature of the curved root canal, the change of the working length which caused by the creation of the ledges, canal transporting and zipping especially in medium and highly curved canal. This study aimed to compare the shaping ability of two heat-treated nickel-titanium single file systems using reciprocation motion and rotary motion in curved canals.Materials and methodsThirty extracted human teeth with one curved root at 25 to 56 degrees were used, two NiTi single file systems were used to prepare the curved root canal in two groups: Reciproc R25 (Munich, Germany: VDW) group (n=15) and One Curve (Besancon, France: Micro-Mega) group (n=15). Curved root canal instrumentation outcomes were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to assess differences between working length, the angle and radius of curvature after instrumentation.ResultsThere was a significant difference in angle and radius of curvature (-1.83° One Curve, -2.25° Reciproc blue and -0.18 mm One Curve, -0.19 mm Reciproc blue, respectively) (p<0.05) after instrumentation for both One Curve and Reciproc blue groups, and there was no significant difference in working length change (-0.16 mm One Curve, -0.32 mm Reciproc blue) after instrumentation of both One Curve and Reciproc blue groups (p>0.05).ConclusionThe Reciproc blue single file system with reciprocation movement and One Curve with continuous movement cause a significant difference in curvature and radius of curved root canal affecting the original shape of the root canal with no significant difference in working length of the curved root canal.

Using Radiology images to characterize an angle of insertion for S1/S2 and SI joint injections: A retrospective observational study

ObjectiveSacroiliac (SI) joint, S1 and S2 nerve root pathology are well documented in literature as common etiologies for low back pain. Evidence demonstrating starting angle of needle insertion during S1/S2 transforaminal and SI joint injections are lacking. Using computerized tomography (CT) radiography of the lumbosacral spine, this retrospective observational study seeks to characterize a starting angle of needle insertion at the sacral spine. MethodsThis was a single-centered, retrospective observational study performed on adult cancer patients who had CT radiography of their lumbosacral spine, without significant sacral pathology, at our hospital from January 2016 and May 2021. For each patient, we determined the anatomical location of where the S1/S2 neural foramen and SI joint widens up. Using the annotation tools available in EIM image viewer, a maximum level and minimum level of insertion was recorded in order to calculate the average angle of insertion needed for procedural performance. ResultsThrough the analysis of 64 patients, average angle of insertion was 25° ​± ​1.36 for S1, 34° ​± ​1.93 for S2, and 33° ​± ​1.95 for SI injections. There were no statistically significant differences in angles when stratified based on laterality, gender, age, and BMI. ConclusionAverage angle of insertion to target the S1, S2 neural foramen and SI joint are 25° ipsilateral oblique, 34° ipsilateral oblique, and 33° contralateral oblique respectively starting with a squared sacral endplate. To our knowledge, there are no studies in the current literature that have attempted to identify an entry angle to target these anatomical structures. Six key wordsChronic Pain, SI Joint Pain, Steroid Injection, S1 Transforaminal, S2 Transforaminal, Needle Placement.

Derivation and validation of myocardial bridge characteristics by optical coherence tomography: a prospective multimodality imaging study

Abstract Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of myocardial bridge (MB) have not been established. Purpose We aimed to establish the OCT appearance of MB compared with the half-moon sign derived by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and to assess the prevalence among patients undergoing coronary angiography and OCT in clinical practice. Methods For derivation of the OCT appearance of MB, imaging data obtained from 122 patients undergoing OCT and IVUS for the left anterior descending artery (LAD) enrolled in two prospective imaging studies were analyzed. To assess the prevalence of OCT-derived MB, 470 patients undergoing OCT for LAD in clinical routine were analyzed. Results We found a homogeneous band with intermediate light intensity surrounding the vessel wall as assessed by OCT corresponding to half-moon sign derived by IVUS. Mean length, angle, and thickness of OCT-MB were 21.2±10.8mm, 205.7±56.5°, and 0.39±0.06mm, respectively. Mean length of IVUS-MB was significantly longer as compared with OCT-MB (23.7±11.9, P=0.010), while there were no significant differences in angle and thickness. MB angle was &amp;gt;180° in approximately 50% of frames with MB. There was a strong/moderate correlation between OCT-MB and half-moon sign (MB length: r=0.81, P=0.001, MB angle: r=0.58, P=0.001). In the derivation cohort, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of OCT-MB for the milking effect by angiography were 96.3%, 62.1%, 41.9%, 98.3%, and 69.7%, respectively, and much comparable with the IVUS half-moon sign. In the validation cohort, OCT-detected MB was observed in 139 (29.6%) patients, of whom 57.6% (n=80) did not have angiographic evidence of milking effect. Conclusion OCT is able to identify IVUS-defined MB as homogenous band with intermediate light intensity surrounding the vessel wall. There was a high concordance in terms of MB angle and thickness between OCT and IVUS. In clinically-indicated OCT cases of the LAD, more than half of OCT-MBs were angiographically silent. OCT assessment of MB may facilitate the accurate diagnosis of MB and thus provide useful information in determining the subsequent treatment strategy for the patients with MB. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Representative imaging of MBCase of OCT-MB without milking effect

Application of Video Analysis for Enhancing Kinematic Parameters and Techniques of Yoga Performers

Background: Yoga asanas help to increase the wholesome development of an individual. At the same time,the execution of the asanas gives complete benefits to the practitioners.Aim: The purpose of the study was to find out the application of video analysis for enhancing kinematicparameters and techniques of yoga performers.Methods and Material: For this study, three men yoga performers selected from SRMV Maruthi Collegeof Physical Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The age of the participants was 24 years. He hada good experience in performing yoga including difficult classical asanas. For this study angle of joints,movement of body parts and position of balance, holding time were selected as dependent variables. SportsInsight motion analysis cameras and software were used to find out the angle of joints, movement of bodyparts and body balance. The baseline kinematic variables were tested before intervention. At the time ofintervention, the execution of the asana (virksasana) was recorded by the researcher through the sportsmotion analysis camera and software.Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the performance of the yoga performers.Results: The captured video was showed to the participant to understand his execution of asana. Theresearcher gave the necessary guidance to correct the mistakes and provide opportunities for self-evaluation.After the 10 days of training, post-test was conducted and data were collected from the participant.Conclusion: It is concluded that the application of video analysis produced a significant difference inangle of joints, movement of body parts among the yoga performers. It is concluded that the application ofvideo analysis produced significant improvement in the position of balance, holding time among the yogaperformers.

Ultrasound-guided closed reduction and kirschner wires internal fixation for the treatment of KilfoyleⅡand Ⅲ medial condylar fracture of humerus in children

To explore clinical effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided closed reduction and K-wires internal fixation in treating of Kilfoyle Ⅱand Ⅲ medial condylar fracture of humerus in children. Clinical data of 32 children with medial condylar fracture of humerus treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with K-wires under the guidance of ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed from January 2014 to August 2019, including 23 males and 9 females, age ranged from 3.2 to 12.8 years old with an average of (8.3±2.1) years old;According to classification of Kilfoyle, 12 patients classified to typeⅡ and 20 patients were type Ⅲ;5 patients combined with elbow dislocation;the time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 5 days with an average of (3.1±1.3) days. Radiological evaluation of treatment results and complications were observed. At the final follow up, Mayo elbow performance score(MEPS) was used to evaluate elbow function. And humerus-ulna angle on the affect side and healthy side were measured and compared. All patients were followed up from 8 to 26 months with an average of(19.3±5.5) months. All fractures were healed well, the healing time ranged from 4 to 6 weeks with an average of (4.5±0.5) weeks. No infection, vascular and nerve injury, bone nonunion, trochlear necrosis, cubitus varus or valgus deformity were occurred. According to Mayo scoring, all patients were assessed as excellent. There was no significant difference in angle of humerus-ulna between affectedside (9.5±3.6)° and healthy side (9.1±3.5)°, and no difference in MEPS scores between affected side(95.3±2.5) and healthy side(96.3±2.2)(P>0.05). For Kilfoyle typeⅡand Ⅲ medial condylar fracture of humerus in children, closed reduction and internal fixation with K-wire under ultrasound guidance is a safe and effective method, and could promote in further.

The severity of visual field defect and the defective angles of localized retinal nerve fiber layer using a novel approach

A modified novel analytical method for evaluating photographic retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) was developed for the purpose of estimating the severity of early glaucomatous eyes. This new method was then compared with the original method, as described below, in relation to the visual field defect severity. The clinical records of 47 glaucomatous eyes with qualified photographs were obtained from a prior retrospective study. The reference point of the angle was set at the center of the optic disc center (COD group) and the central vessel trunk (COV group). Angle α was the angular width between the fovea and the proximity of RNFLD, while angle β (+c) was the sum of the angular width(s) of localized RNFLD. The correlation between the visual field parameters and the angles of RNFLD in the above two groups were analyzed. There were significant differences in angle α (p=0.001) and angle β (+c) (p=0.016) between the two groups. Angle β (+c) showed significant correlation with MD (p=0.012), PSD (p=0.035), VFI (p=0.042) and MD (p=0.016), PSD (p=0.035), VFI (p=0.031) in the COD and COV group, respectively. No correlation was found between angle α and the presence of central scotoma in both groups. Our novel method was more convenient in a clinical setting and noninferior to the original method.

Abstract 15525: Morphology of Calcification on Culprit Site: A Significant Indicator of Plaque Erosion in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: While clinical predictors of plaque erosion (PE) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) were reported, PE was more frequently observed in the population with normal kidney function. On the other hand, earlier studies indicated that spotty calcification related to plaque rupture on the culprit site in ACS. However, the morphological features of coronary calcification on culprit site have not been investigated in relation to PE. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the morphology of calcification on culprit site was associated with PE in ACS patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: In the 166 ACS patients (66.9±10.7 years old, male 83 %), based on Optical Coherence Tomography/ Optical Frequency Domain Imaging, existence of PE on culprit site was investigated. In the morphological features of coronary calcification, the maximum thickness, maximum area, maximum angle, minimum depth from the lumen in axial sections, and the length in longitudinal image were determined. Results: There were the 73 patients with PE, 58 patients with calcification and 38 patients with CKD. A marginal significant difference in thickness (300 vs 190μm, p=0.07) and significant difference in angle (60 vs 23degree, p=0.001), area (0.89 vs 0.43mm 2 , p=0.001) and length (2.34 vs 1.12 mm, p=0.03) were observed between the patients with PE and the patients without PE. In the multiple regression analysis adjustment for age, gender, region location, maximum creatine phosphokinase, STEMI or not, diabetes mellitus, angiotensin receptor blockers use, statin use and systolic blood pressure on admission, angle (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.002 to 1.013, p=0.005) and area (OR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.02 to 2.1, p=0.04) each had significant associations with PE. Specifically, only in the patients without CKD, thickness (p=0.025), angle (p=0.003) and area (p=0.013) were significant indicators of PE. Conclusions: In conclusion, morphology of calcification on culprit site was a significant indicator of PE in the patients with ACS. Specifically, larger calcification might serve as a pathophysiology underlying in the phenotype of plaque vulnerability in ACS patients with normal kidney function.

Knee biomechanics while navigating steps in participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, between 2 and 10 years following surgery

ObjectiveTo compare knee angles and moments between the injured and contralateral knee in participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and compared with uninjured controls while navigating steps. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingUniversity laboratory-based study. ParticipantsTwenty-five participants (30.8 ± 9.7 years; 13 women) with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2–10 years post-surgery), and 24 controls (31.0 ± 10 years, 13 women). Main outcome measuresThree-dimensional motion analysis was used to record peak knee angles and external moments during step ascent and descent in three planes, along with spatiotemporal variables. ResultsDuring step ascent, the reconstructed knee exhibited significantly: (1) lower peak flexion angles compared to the controls (P = 0.005); (2) lower flexion moments (P < 0.001) compared to contralateral side and controls. No significant differences were found in the frontal and transverse planes between groups and sides. During step descent, no significant differences in angles and moments were found. ConclusionsSide-to-side asymmetries and lower knee flexion angles and external knee flexion moments were evident in participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and compared to controls. These findings suggest that incomplete recovery and compensatory or protective changes in neuromuscular control and joint function may persist 2–10 years post-surgery.

합기도 하단 돌아차기 동작의 운동학적 비교분석

This is a comparative analysis study on the kinematics variables such as time required for movement, CM(center of mass) displacement and velocity, angle of body segment and foot velocity during the lower turn kick movement targeting the hapkido experts and non-experts. First, the total turnaround time of the lower turn kick movement in hapkido was rapidly experienced by the skilled practitioner and showed a significant difference in the three sections (p.05). Second, For the COM(center of mass) left and right displacement during the lower turn kick movement in hapkido, the movement was made to the right and there was no significant difference. The front and back displacements were shifted in all event and there was no significant difference. For the vertical displacement, experts showed lower displacement than non-experts, and there were significant differences in E3(p.05). Third, For the COM left and right velocity during the lower turn kick movement in Hapkido, experts have shown faster velocity and there were significant differences in E 3 and E4(p.05). There was no significant difference in COM front and back velocity, but experts have shown the fastest velocity in E3. And COM vertical velocity have shown significant differences in E4(p.05). Fourth, there was no significant difference in angle of hips between experts and non-experts during lower turn kick movement in Hapkido. However, the angle of right knee joint was significantly different in E 4, and experts were large (p.001).

Anatomical Study of Two Cricothyroid Approaches to the Cadaver Larynx

The purpose of this study was to measure the angle and depth at which the vocal folds are accessed via transcutaneous injection through two different approaches through the cricothyroid membrane. Twenty-five cadavers preserved with formalin were studied. The larynges were bisected through the thyroid notch, and the skin and soft tissue were removed. A 27-gauge needle was inserted through the cricothyroid membrane, once from just inferior to the thyroid cartilage and once from just superior to the cricoid cartilage, and advanced to the midpoint of the musculomembranous vocal fold (determined as the halfway point from anterior commissure to vocal process), immediately lateral to the vocalis muscle without penetrating the epithelium. The angle of approach was determined after taking multiple measurements with a Castroviejo caliper. The depth of the needle was measured. Ten male and 15 female cadavers were studied. Their average age was 85.5 ± 12.4 years. The mean distance from midline for an injection performed with 0° of lateral angle was 5.7 ± 0.7 mm for the males, which was significantly greater than for females (4.8 ± 0.8 mm, P=0.012). The insertion angle for the infrathyroid approach was 22.2 ± 6.9°, which was significantly different from the supracricoid angle, which was 33.0 ± 5.2° (P < 0.001). The mean insertion depth of the subthyroid approach was 11.3 ± 1.8 mm (range 8.0-15.5 mm), which was significantly less than the depth for the supracricoid approach (18.2 ± 2.4 mm, range 11.0-22.0 mm, P < 0.001.). The infrathyroid approach angle for males was 26.0 ± 8.5°, which was significantly greater than the angle for females (19.3 ± 3.4°, P=0.016.). The supracricoid approach angle for males was 37.5 ± 2.4°, which was significantly greater than the angle for females (29.7 ± 4.1°, P < 0.001.). The insertion depth for males was 19.6 ± 1.4 mm, which was significantly greater than that for females (17.2 ± 2.6 mm, P=0.021). Comparison of a supracricoid and infrathyroid approach through the cricothyroid membrane to the middle third of the vocal folds demonstrated significant differences in angle of approach. We also identified a significant difference in the angle of entry between male and female larynges in both approaches, as well as an increased depth of insertion required in males for the supracricoid approach.

Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Template-Based Implant Placement Using Two Different Surgical Templates Designed with or without Metallic Sleeves: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To compare virtual planning accuracy of novel computer-assisted, template-based implant placement techniques, which make use of CAD/CAM stereolithographic surgical templates with or without metallic sleeves. Furthermore, to compare open versus closed sleeves for templates without metallic sleeves. Materials and methods: Any partially edentulous patients requiring at least one implant to be placed according to a computer-assisted template-based protocol were enrolled. Patients were randomized according to a parallel group design into two arms: Surgical template with or without metallic sleeves. Three deviation parameters (angular, horizontal, vertical) were defined to evaluate the discrepancy between the planned and placed implant positions. Results: No implants failed, and no complications were experienced. Forty-one implants were placed using surgical templates with metallic sleeves while 49 implants were placed with a surgical template without metallic sleeves. Of these, 16 implants were placed through open sleeves and 33 through closed sleeves. There was a statistically significant difference in angle (p = 0.0212) and in the vertical plan (p = 0.0073) with lower values for implants placed with a surgical template without metallic sleeves. In the test group, close sleeves were more accurate compared with open sleeves in angle (p = 0.0268) and in horizontal plan (p = 0.0477). Conclusion: With the limitations of the present study, surgical templates without metallic sleeves were more accurate in the vertical plan and angle compared to the conventional template with metallic sleeves. Open sleeves should be used with caution in the molar region only in case of reduced interarch space. Further research is needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession and Unilateral Recess-Resect for Infantile Esotropia

ABSTRACTPurpose: To compare surgical outcomes between bilateral medial rectus recession (BMR) and unilateral medial rectus recession-lateral rectus resection (RR) for infantile esotropia. Methods: In this retrospective study, BMR was performed on 57 patients (BMR group) and RR on 23 (RR group) for treatment of infantile esotropia with the postoperative follow-up period of 6 months or more. The main outcome measures were angle of esodeviation, rate of surgical success, rate of reoperation, rate of postoperative development of DVD, and postoperative sensory status. Surgical success was defined as esotropia or exotropia of 10 PD or less.Results: The mean preoperative esodeviation at near was 44.1 prism diopters (PD) in BMR, and 40.2 PD in RR (p = 0.161). There was no statistically significant difference in angles of deviation between BMR and RR from postoperative day 1 to final follow-up, respectively (p > 0.05). Whereas until postoperative month 6 the surgical success rate did not significantly differ, from postoperative year 1 to final follow-up it was significantly higher in BMR than in RR (p < 0.05). The final success rates were 80.70% and 56.52% for BMR and RR, respectively (p = 0.047). The reoperation rate, correspondingly, was significantly lower for BMR (17.54%) than for RR (60.78%) (p = 0.000).Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the mean postoperative angle of deviation between BMR and RR for infantile esotropia. However, the final success rate was higher (p = 0.047) and the reoperation rate was lower for BMR than for RR (p = 0.000).

Ultrasonic quantitative analysis of the flexion cornal hip in the normal infant

Objective To study the influencing factors and clinical significance of ultrasonic quantitative analysis of the hip-flexion coronal section in the normal infants. Methods Totally 100 normal infants were enrolled. Angle α, angle β and FHC on different positions(mild-flexion and flexion of the hip) were mearured.And angle β on different points(the labrum central and the acetabular tips) were measured. The variation of the measurement index between different positions were analyzed. Results ①There was no significant difference in angle α between the neutral position and hip-flexion position (P>0.05). ②FHC decreased in the hip-flexion position, and there was significant difference compared with the neutral position (P<0.05). ③βc were greater than βt in the two positions (P<0.05); βc and βt were all greater in hip-flexion position than those in neutral position, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The results obtained from angle α is stable under the coronal flexion view of the normal infants, and does not vary with changing position. The change of the angle β and FHC with the hip flexion could be used to evaluate the stability of the hip. Measured angle β on the labrum tip has good repeatability. So this point should be selected to measure the angle β. Key words: Ultrasonography; Infant; Hip joint; Position

Outcomes after the surgery for acquired nonaccommodative esotropia

BackgroundTo analyze the surgical outcomes for patients diagnosed with acquired nonaccommodative esotropia (ANAET).MethodsIn this retrospective study, the medical records of 35 patients who had undergone the surgery for ANAET with a postoperative follow-up period of 6 months or more were reviewed. The main outcome measures were postoperative esodeviation angle, final success rate, and factors affecting surgical outcome. Surgical success was considered to be an alignment within 8 prism diopters (PD) at distance and near.ResultsThe preoperative mean esodeviation angles were 37.3 ± 13.7 PD at distance and 38.6 ± 16.6 PD at near. The postoperative mean esodeviation angles at distance were as follows: 4.2 PD at day 1, 4.0 PD at month 1, 3.9 PD at month 3, 4.9 PD at month 6, 4.7 PD at year 1, and 4.8 PD at final follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in angle of esodeviation between the initial postoperative period (day 1 to month 6) and the final follow-up day (p > 0.05). The surgical success rate at final follow-up was 65.7% (23/35). Among the 12 patients for whom the surgery failed, 9 (24.3%) showed esotropia and 3 (8.1%) exotropia of more than 8 PD. Six patients (16.2%) underwent reoperation (4 for esotropia and 2 for exotropia). There was no factor influencing surgical outcome (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe surgical outcome in patients with ANAET was relatively favorable: the final success rate was 65.7% and the reoperation rate was 17.1%.

Repeated end range spinal movement while seated abolishes the proprioceptive deficit induced by prolonged flexed sitting posture. A study assessing the statistical and clinical significance of spinal position sense

BackgroundSustained spinal flexion has been proposed to affect the properties of spinal tissues, increase postural muscle's activation latency and act detrimentally on proprioception. ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effect of flexed posture (FP) on spinal proprioception and assessed the immediate effect of spinal movement on the presumable flexion-induced proprioceptive deficit. DesignClinical measurement study. MethodsMarker-based kinematic analyses of the head, spine, and pelvis were conducted on 50 individuals. Subjects were educated in a lordotic sitting posture (IOSP) that they reproduced immediately; after 10 and 30 min in FP; and after sagittal spinal movement. Nine sagittal angles were calculated. Absolute error (AE) and constant error (CE) were used to evaluate repositioning accuracy. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in angles obtained among postures, as well as for the AE and CE calculated from the trials. ResultsNo significant differences were found in reposition error (RE) after immediate reproduction of IOSP (all p > 0.0083). Following FP AEs presented significant differences for head (4.1°), head protraction (1.9°), head tilt (2.1°), lumbar (3.2°) and pelvis angle (2.1°). CEs revealed significant differences for head protraction (−1.8°) and lumbar angle (−3.5°). No significant differences were found for AE and CE after spinal sagittal movement (all p > 0.0083). ConclusionsProlonged FP can affect spinal position sense, but sagittal spinal movement can abolish the proprioceptive deficit. The significant differences documented, may be of limited clinical utility given their magnitude, and the reliability data presented may be of use in reinterpreting previously documented proprioceptive analyses.

A Comparative Study on Kinematic Performance of Corner Kicks for Junior Soccer Players According to Ball Rotation towards Effective Areas in Front of the Goal

In this study the research aim was to compare differences among kinematic properties such as displacement and linear velocities and angles and angular velocities during performing corner kicks for Junior Soccer players with techniques of ball rotation towards the goal in the close post area and to the contrary of the goal in the rear area at the moment of launching the ball. The study was carried out on (3) Junior players from Al-Sharkia Sporting Club under (18) years who were the best in playing corner kicks according to the test of corner kicks performance precision to specific areas in front of the goal with the right foot. (10) Trials were shot with video for each technique. To measure the precision of corner kicks according to ball rotation towards the goal technique the researcher depended on the test of the precision of passing the corner kick in front of the goal. Kinematic parameters were determined by using Simi Motion Program for motor analysis designed to track and to analyze the motion. Results indicated that there are significant differences in Displacements and linear (horizontal, cross and vertical) velocities of some body parts and the ball during performing corner kicks for the close post and beyond area according to ball rotation technique at the moment of launching the ball, and there are significant differences in Angles and angular velocities of body parts during performing corner kicks for the close post and beyond area according to ball rotation technique at the moment of launching the ball

Standardized radiological values of foot among Saudi population

Background: Radiographic measurements are crucial in determining surgical procedures and preoperative workups. In Saudi Arabia, European-American prostheses are imported. This eventually may not match the population's needs. Objectives: The objective of the study is to examine radiographic foot measurements in Saudi adult population including central tendency measurements and age-group categorization. Methodology: In this descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh at King Abdulaziz Medical City, radiological records for 99 individuals including 38 males (38%) between 2010 and 2014 were reviewed. Foot angular measurements of total 1212 measurements were performed on 140 feet for both anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) views. On the AP-view including HV, IM1-2, IM1-5, TN, T.C, and AP-Meary angles, while on the LAT-view including LAT-Meary, Hibb, Djian, and confidence interval (CI) angles were measured. All of the patients, on the same hand, are skeletally mature, with a clear history from foot operations, fractures, deformities, traumatic shocks, and degenerative and systemic diseases. Measurements were further categorized by the age groups (18–40 and 41–74) regardless gender. Results: Angular varieties did not differ significantly between the two age groups, but IM1-5 and CI angles exhibited strong significance (P = 0.01 and 0.049, respectively). There was also no significant difference in angles between right and left feet. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that angular measurements of our population differ than other populations. Gender and age group within an extended range might fill the void of the previous studies. The measurements of central tendency for all angles differ than other studies because both populations differ than the other. Although that other studies have some sort of thoroughness, the ethnicity criteria were not mindfully taken. Our study conducted the convenience sampling taking into consideration the fact that ethnicity and other inclusion criteria are crucial. Conclusion: The standardized angular measurements of foot among Saudi adult differ from other populations. Therefore, local prosthetic designs of foot should be manufactured accordingly.