Significant Decrease In Lymphocytes Research Articles

Recirculating aquaculture systems affects hematological parameters and increases ectoparasite susceptibility in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

We herein evaluated the hematology and parasitology of Nile tilapia previously raised in an earthen pond and transferred to a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) to verify any possible influence of RAS on such health parameters. For this, 780 tilapias with an initial average weight and length of 91.05 ± 27.08 g and 17.45 ± 1.91 cm, respectively, were distributed in three tanks (2.0 m3) attached to the RAS, where they remained for 54 d. Throughout the period, water quality parameters remained within the range suitable for the cultivation of the species. Tilapia growth performance was satisfactory in the RAS, reaching a final biomass of close to 300 kg and survival of 98%. Hematological and parasitological analyses at the end of 54 d showed possible stress in RAS, with a significant increase in neutrophils from 12.15 ± 6.66 (earthen pond) to 21.43 ± 11.68% (RAS) and erythrocytes from 1.81 ± 0.24 (earthen pond) to 2.13 ± 0.14 (RAS), and a significant decrease in lymphocytes from 22.4 ± 2.66 (earthen pond) to 13.67 ± 3.38 (RAS). Furthermore, parasitological analysis showed a significant increase in the number of parasitized fish (25% to 63%) and abundance (3.55 ± 6.44 to 9.37 ± 9.99) after 54 d. It was concluded that tilapia cultivation in RAS can cause hematological changes and increase parasitism.

Maximum storage time of refrigerated blood and frozen plasma samples from tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum

Blood analysis is an important tool for monitoring the health status of fish, but the time between collection and analysis can affect the outcome of the analysis. This study sought to determine the maximum time refrigerated blood and frozen plasma samples of the tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, can be stored without affecting analysis. Samples from 12 fish were obtained, stored under refrigeration at 4 °C and evaluated after 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, while samples from 14 fish were centrifuged, and the resulting plasma was frozen at −20 °C and then evaluated after 0, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. The parameters analyzed were hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin content (Hb), total erythrocytes (RBC), total (WBC) and differential leukocytes, total thrombocytes (TC), glucose content (Glc), total protein (TP), triglyceride content (TG), total cholesterol (CoT), and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). For refrigerated whole blood samples, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCHC) showed a transient decline in 24 h, and there were decreases in WBC, TC, Glc and TG that persisted until the 72 h sample point (for Glc and TG) or persisted until the 96 h sample point (for WBC and TC). A decrease in RBC was noted from 48 h on, while ALT was significantly higher in the 96 h sample. Significant decreases in lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were noted from 48 h of storage on, while a significant decline in basophil counts were noted over the last two sampled timepoints. The coefficient of variation was greatest at the 96 h timepoint, indicating increased variability in measured parameters after 4 d of refrigeration. Plasma samples frozen at −20 °C showed a significant variation in ALT after 8 weeks, and increases in TP and TG after 20 weeks. Therefore, it is recommended that refrigerated tambaqui whole blood samples be analyzed within 24 h and frozen tambaqui plasma samples analyzed within 8 weeks.

Immunological effects of ractopamine in rabbits receiving the viral inactivated rabbit hemorrhagic disease vaccine.

There is an obvious lack of information about the effects of ractopamine, a ß-adrenergic agonist, on the growth performance and immune responses of rabbits, particularly in those receiving the viral rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) vaccine. The current study was undertaken to study the effects of ractopamine on growth performances and immunological parameters in rabbits inoculated with the viral RHD vaccine. Experimental rabbits were grouped into four groups, the first acted as a control and received distilled water, the second received ractopamine, the third received inactivated RHD vaccine, and the fourth received both ractopamine, and inactivated RHD vaccine. Then, blood analysis, histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations were followed. The obtained results demonstrated that ractopamine induced significant increases in body weight gain, neutrophils, monocytes, nitric oxide, lysosome, and improved feed conversion rate. A significant decrease in lymphocytes with insignificant decreases in eosinophils, phagocytic % and index, serum total protein, α, β, and γ globulin were observed. Vaccinated rabbits only showed a marked rise in WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, phagocytic index and activity, nitric oxide, lysosome activity, total protein, albumin, γ globulin, and a decrease in lymphocytes. Rabbits that received ractopamine and then vaccinated had insignificant increases in body weight, weight gain, WBCs, neutrophils, monocyte, eosinophils, basophils, phagocytic activity, and index, globulins besides a significant decrease in lymphocytes. Pathologically, rabbits that received ractopamine alone, with a vaccine or vaccinated only showed an increase in villus length, villus width, and absorption surface area. IHC of rabbits' liver and kidneys of the control and vaccinated group showed negative expression for caspase-3, but rabbits received ractopamine only or rabbits vaccinated and received ractopamine showed diffuse positive moderate expression for caspase-3. Ractopamine induced several adverse effects on the immune responses of the rabbits inoculated with the viral HRD vaccine.

Abstract 5061: Toxicological characterization and comparison of ATR inhibitors in mice

Abstract Cancer is often treated with DNA-damaging cytotoxic and ionizing radiation (IR) therapies. However, anticancer efficacy is limited by activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that support DNA repair resulting in cancer cell survival. Disruption of DDR pathways may enhance cancer cell sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapies. Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) protein kinase, an apical initiator of DDR, is highly relied on by tumor cells and is critical for survival. Pharmacological ATR inhibitors (ATRi) can sensitize cancer cells to DNA damaging therapies. Although combining radiation therapies with ATRi may enhance anticancer efficacy, the resultant toxicity to normal organs is largely unknown. The ATRi furthest in development are the orally administered AZD6738 (ceralasertib), BAY-1895344 (elimusertib) and the intravenously administered M6620 (berzosertib, VX-970). We aimed to characterize and compare the preclinical toxicity of ATRi with and without total body irradiation (TBI) by pathology and complete blood counts (CBC). To determine the appropriate TBI dose for combination with ATRi, female balb/c mice (n=6) were grouped to receive 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy. Within these cohorts, mice (n=2) were subdivided for euthanization times of 48, 72 and 96 h post TBI. Next, mice (N=5) were treated with a single dose of ATRi, 6 Gy TBI, the combination (TBI within 30 min of ATRi), or control. Mice were euthanized 48 h post treatment and blood was collected for analysis of CBC. Changes to body weight were documented and tissues with known sensitivities to radiation-related toxicity were collected for histopathology. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. A 6 Gy TBI dose and 48 h euthanasia time point were selected for investigation in combination studies with ATRi. TBI alone resulted in ~5% decreased body weight compared to vehicle controls. The addition of any ATRi appeared to ameliorate this loss, but not to a significant extent. TBI caused leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia, which was not exacerbated by the addition of any ATRi. Neutrophilia was observed after ATRi alone and abolished by addition of TBI. TBI caused moderate toxicity in spleen, small intestine and bone marrow, and the addition of ATRi did not exacerbate these findings. AZD6738 caused moderate pericarditis and myocarditis, which was abrogated by the addition of IR. Collectively, ATRi administered alone are associated with neutrophilia at 48 h. AZD6738 appeared to be associated with cardiac toxicity, consistent with clinical observations of related CHK1 inhibitors. M6620 alone is associated with a significant decrease in lymphocytes compared to vehicle control, however in the setting of TBI, M6620 appears to ameliorate TBI-induced lymphocytopenia. This study demonstrated that the addition of ATRi did not increase toxicity associated with TBI in mice. Citation Format: Joshua J. Deppas, Brian F. Kiesel, Jianxia Guo, Lora H. Rigatti, Joseph Latoche, Anthony Green, Paul Knizner, Christopher J. Bakkenist, Jan H. Beumer. Toxicological characterization and comparison of ATR inhibitors in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5061.

Diagnostics Role of Haematological Parameters in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A Retrospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Tamil Nadu, India

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women, and despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, it still leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Distinguishing between benign and malignant breast disease is clinically challenging, and there is currently no serum biomarker available for early breast cancer detection. As part of the preoperative work-up for breast lesions, a Complete Blood Count (CBC) analysis is typically performed. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of CBC parameters in diagnosing malignant breast lesions and to analyse the diagnostic role of haematological parameters within benign and malignant breast lesions, as well as different histological breast cancer stages. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted for one year, from January to December 2021, at the Department of Pathology of PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The study included 60 female patients with both benign and malignant breast lesions. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnoses of these lesions. CBC parameters, including haemoglobin, Total White Cell Count (TWBC), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), were collected from a total of 120 cases. Additionally, the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), MonocyteLymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were calculated from the obtained CBC parameters for all cases. The values were expressed as mean and standard deviation, and an independent t-test was used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Malignant breast lesions showed a significant increase in neutrophils (64.1±8.4%) and a significant decrease in lymphocytes (25.9±8%) and MPV (7.6±0.76 pg) compared to benign breast cases. The calculated ratios, such as NLR (2.9±1.7), MLR (0.32±0.2), and PLR (14.4±8), were also found to be increased in malignant cases. However, there were no significant variations in CBC parameters across the various stages of breast malignancy. Conclusion: Among the CBC parameters evaluated, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, MPV, NLR, MLR, and PLR were significantly altered in breast malignancy compared to benign breast masses. Measuring CBC parameters and their derived ratios are fast, simple, inexpensive, and readily available method that can assist physicians in predicting breast malignancy.

Altered Cellular Sedimentation during Apheresis Impacts Outcomes of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection Efficiency in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Recent reports have demonstrated the potential for gene therapy as a therapeutic option to achieve a durable cure in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, for these emerging cell therapies, relatively large numbers of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (PB HSCs) are required to generate a therapeutic dose. Outcomes of stem cell collections in patients with SCD are highly variable, at times yielding far fewer numbers of HSCs in the product than predicted by the number of PB CD34+ cells. While the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor has emerged as a safe and reliable drug to mobilize CD34+ cells in patients with SCD, collection failures continue to occur requiring additional cycles or failure to generate a gene therapy product. We sought to understand the mechanics affecting stem cell sedimentation in real time and posited that SCD disease associated changes to red cells results in altered HSC sedimentation during apheresis, negatively impacting collection. Methods Autologous PB stem cell collections were performed in patients with SCD following mobilization with 240ug/kg plerixafor. To uncover the mechanisms impacting apheresis efficiency for collecting PB HSCs, we devised a method to interrogate the sedimentation of cells in peripheral blood in real time, by interrupting the return collection circuit line. Cellular composition analyses of the collecting interfaces were performed including CD34+ enumeration by flow cytometry, CBC and differential, reticulocyte counts, and surface CD47 expression of red blood cells (RBCs). Results Patients were mobilized with 240ug/kg of plerixafor up to 6 hours before apheresis collection. We collected fewer cells than predicted (3.78 million cells/kg) in these patients with an overall average apheresis collection efficiency of 38%, and a strikingly wide range of 2%-107%. We determined that the lower collection efficiency outcomes were primarily derived when using standard apheresis interface settings. The pre-apheresis PB CD34+ counts were less predictive of total CD34+ cells collected (p=0.012) in patients with SCD (r2=0.2557, p=0.0023) when compared to historical control patients without SCD (r2=0.7638, p<0.0001). Real time measurement of cell counts at standard (Hematocrit 3%, S) and deep (Hematocrit 5%, D) collecting interfaces of the apheresis machine showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes (p=0.0146), increase in monocytes (p=0.0496), and increase enrichment in CD34+ cells at the D interface (Panel A). Enrichment of CD34+ cells correlated with monocyte enrichment and (n=21, r2=0.6706, p<0.0001) and an increased fold change in CD34+ cells between the S and D interfaces correlated with higher PB reticulocyte percentage (r2=0.5295, p=0.0111). Further analysis of the individual collection interfaces revealed that most RBCs were HbS containing despite a PB HbS concentration <30%, consistent with an enrichment for shorter lived sickle red cells. CD47 expression has been previously reported in higher concentrations on the surface of younger RBCs during erythropoiesis. Surface expression of CD47 was found to be significantly higher at both the S and D interfaces compared to the PB of patients, indicating that the accumulation of a younger population of RBCs at the collecting interfaces. As microcytic RBCs have been associated with poor collection efficiencies, the SCD red cell hemoglobin concentration in the PB was used as a marker for size and a significant correlation was determined (r2=0.6086, p=0.0001). Patients with SCD can mobilize PB HSC in response to plerixafor but demonstrate specific characteristics that impede the collection of stem cells. During apheresis, CD34+ stem cells sediment at a deeper hematocrit interface in the buffy coat as a result of displacement by the younger patient-derived population of RBCs. The relative shift in erythrocyte sedimentation requires a corresponding alteration in collection strategies to improve the collection efficiency. In addition to red cell age, other factors that affect red cell buoyancy including iron status or additional globin gene mutations negatively impact apheresis stem cell collections. Full assessment of red cell parameters can identify patients that are at risk for poor stem cell collection outcomes. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Clinical Characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia Infection in Central South China.

IntroductionChlamydia psittaci pneumonia has been a global public health hotspot in recent years. Although some scattered cases of C. psittaci pneumonia have been reported, there is a lack of large case studies worldwide.MethodsIn this multicenter, observational study, we recruited all consecutive patients with confirmed C. psittaci pneumonia from October 4, 2018, to October 23, 2020, in nine tertiary general hospitals in Central-South China. Epidemiologic and clinical data from patients’ electronic medical records were collected and analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and sixteen patients with C. psittaci pneumonia were included in the study. The mean age was 59.7 years. Fever (96.6%) and cough (65.5%) were the most common clinical symptoms. Most patients presented with an increase in the proportion of neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, LDH, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and a significant decrease in lymphocytes. The main CT lung findings were consolidation (81%) and pleural effusion (35.3%), and bilateral lung consolidation was mainly found in severe patients. Chlamydia psittaci DNA was detected in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) or blood samples by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in all patients. Use of quinolone was associated with shorter length of hospital stay and fever duration after antibiotic use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that respiratory support was associated with both severe pneumonia and in-hospital death.ConclusionsThe clinical phenotype of C. psittaci pneumonia is complex and variable. mNGS is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of C. psittaci pneumonia, and early treatment with quinolone may benefit patients.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-022-00662-4.

Investigation Of Lymphocyte Enhancement In Vivo On Honey Intervention: A Systematic Review Study To Overcome Early Lymphopenia In Covid-19

COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus and was first identified in Wuhan, China. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients show a significant decrease in lymphocytes. Decreased lymphocyte count is a factor that increases severity in COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 patients who died reported a very low number of lymphocytes compared to COVID-19 patients who recovered. Increasing lymphocytes to normal levels again, especially in the initial phases of infection, is one of the keys to healing COVID-19 patients. The immune system can be used as a strategy for COVID-19 treatment. Still, immunomodulators must be given at the right time at the beginning of infection, with the right dose, not to cause deterioration in the patient. Immunomodulator administration in the final stage can cause severity in COVID-19 disease due to increased cytokine storm. Therefore, Immunodulator screening, which increases lymphocyte counts, is essential for COVID-19 treatment strategies in the initial stage. Lymphocytes are easily isolated from human blood and consist of NK (Natural Killer) cells, T cells (for cell-mediated, adaptive cytotoxic immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). Lymphocytes can be isolated from the blood and cultured in vitro. Animal intervention studies showed that immunomodulatory substances could be used for immunomodulator screening candidates for COVID-19 in initial stage therapy. Some candidates for active ingredients that can be used as immunomodulators are honey. Honey has been shown to increase mouse T cell proliferation. This systematic review shows that honey can increase lymphocyte proliferation and have an anti-inflammatory function by lowering IL-6 levels in several in vivo studies.

Manifestation of cardiac injury in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

BackgroundCOVID‐19 has been sweeping the world since it emerged in late December 2019. However, little is known about cardiac injury in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients. This study is to investigate the incidence and characteristics of myocardial injury in COVID‐19 patients admitted in hospital.MethodsFifty‐four COVID‐19 patients were enrolled in one ward in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China, and 5 were excluded caused by missing cardiac troponin I levels. Forty‐nine participants were included in the final analysis. The clinical manifestations of hospitalised patients were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups, cardiac injury group and non‐cardiac injury group, based on whether cardiac troponin I was elevated. Epidemic characteristics and laboratory test results were analysed in these two group.ResultsThe average age of patients in the cardiac injury group was older (68.0 years old) than that in the non‐cardiac injury group (61.5 years old). The percentages of patients with diabetes and critically severe pneumonia in the cardiac injury group were 38.5% and 38.5% respectively. Lymphocytes were decreased in 53.1% of all enrolled patients, but this decrease was more prominent (76.9%) in the cardiac injury group than the non‐cardiac injury group (44.4%). Patients in the cardiac injury group also had lower platelet counts.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 can cause cardiac injury in many patients. It is more common in older patients and patients with diabetes and is associated with a significant decrease in lymphocytes.

Taurine supplementation reduces myeloperoxidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 levels and improves the effects of exercise in cognition and physical fitness in older women.

Immunosenescence contributes to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and those conditions could be attenuated by non-pharmacological anti-inflammatory strategies, such as exercise and supplementation with the amino acid taurine. Since taurine body content decreases with aging, we investigated the effects of supplementation (alone and combined with exercise) on oxidative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, white blood cells, neurotrophins, cognition and physical fitness of elderly women. Forty-eight women (83.58 ± 6.98years) were enrolled into exercise training only (EO: n = 13), taurine supplementation (TS: n = 12), exercise training + taurine supplementation (ETTS: n = 11), and control group (CG: n = 12). All interventions lasted 14weeks. Exercise was applied twice a week, and taurine was given once a day (1.5g). Data collection occurred before and after interventions with the determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, and white blood cell counts (WBC). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and physical fitness tests were also evaluated. Concentration of MPO and MMP-9 decreased after intervention in TS (p < 0.05). No effect of time or time×group was observed for WBC parameters; however, univariate analysis showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes for TS, while an increase in monocytes occurred in the CG (p < 0.05). MoCA scores decreased over time in the CG (p < 0.05). Improvements in physical fitness occurred in ETTS (better agility and aerobic capacity), mostly likely due to exercise and boosted by taurine supplementation. No changes in BDNF levels were observed (p > 0.05), while NGF concentration were undetectable in almost subjects. Exercise together with taurine supplementation appears to be a valuable strategy to enhance health-related outcomes in older persons.

Back From the Brink: Alterations in B and T Cell Responses Modulate Recovery of Rainbow Trout From Chronic Immunopathological Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae Infection.

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is one of the most serious infectious diseases negatively impacting farmed and wild salmonids throughout Europe and North America. PKD pathogenesis results in a massive B cell proliferation and dysregulation with aberrant immunoglobulin production and plasma cell differentiation along with a decrease in myeloid cells and inhibition of innate pathways. Despite the huge immunopathological reaction in the kidney during infection, under specific conditions, fish can survive and return to full fitness. Fish are unique in this ability to recover renal structure and functionality from extensive tissue damage in contrast to mammals. However, only limited knowledge exists regarding the host immune response coinciding with PKD recovery. Moreover, almost no studies of the immune response during disease recovery exist in fish. We utilized the rainbow trout–T. bryosalmonae system as an immunological model of disease recovery. Our results demonstrated that recovery is preceded by an intense immune response at the transcript level, decreasing parasite burden, and an increased degree of kidney inflammation. Later in the recovery phase, the immune response transpired with a significant decrease in lymphocytes and an increase in myeloid cells. These lymphocytes populations contained lower levels of B cells comparative to the control in the anterior and posterior kidney. Additionally, there was downregulation of several transcripts used as markers for plasma cells (blimp1, igt sec, igm sec, igd sec, and cd38) and T cell subsets (cd4, cd8α, cd8β, and tcrβ). The decrease in these T cell transcripts significantly correlated with decreasing parasite intensity. Alternatively, there was strong upregulation of pax-5 and igt mem. This suggests a change in B cell processes during the recovery phase relative to clinical PKD may be necessary for the host to re-establish homeostasis in terms of an arrest in the dominant antibody like response transitioning to a transcriptional profile associated with resting B cells. The knowledge generated here in combination with earlier studies illuminates the full power of analyzing the entire trajectory of disease from the normal healthy state to recovery enabling the measurement of an immune response to pinpoint a specific disease stage.

Impact of Heat Stress on Blood and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in Rats

Twenty mature albino rats randomly assigned to two groups (n=10) were used for the study. Group A was exposed to the sun, while group B was kept under a shade. The study was for 28 days. At the end of the study, the effects of heat stress on haematology and serum biochemistry were determined. There was a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the packed cell volume of group A when compared to group B. Red blood cell count of group A increased significantly when compared to group B. The mean erythroid values for MCHC and MCH decreased significantly in group A when compared to group B. The mean haemoglobin concentration of group A was significantly lower when compared to that of group B. White blood cell count of group A decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) when compared to group B on day 28. The result of the differential leucocyte count showed significant decrease in lymphocytes in the heat stressed group when compared to the unstressed for the entire period. Total serum protein significantly increased in group A when compared to group B on day 14. Alanine amino transferase significantly increases in group A when compared to group B on day 28. Alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly in group A throughout the study period when compared to group B. Aspartate - amino transferase increased significantly in group A when compared to group B on day 28. Serum cholesterol significantly decreased in group A on day 28 when compared to group B.

Efficiency of Lepidium sativum Seeds in Modulation the Alterations in Hematological Parameters Induced by Sodium Nitrite in Rats

Background: Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is probably best known as a food additive to prevent botulism. Aim of the work: The current study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Lipidium sativum seeds on hematotoxicity induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were divided into four groups. The first group without any treatment and served as control. The second group was given an intraperitoneal injection (IP) of a single dose of sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg body weight) 24 h prior to decapitation.The third group was received orally 300 mg/kg body weight of Lipidium sativum seeds extract for four weeks. The fourth group were treated orally with Lipidium sativum seeds extract (300 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks, prior to IP injection with a single dose of sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg body weight). Finally, blood samples were collected for hematological parameters estimation including red blood cell count (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLTs) and total and differential white blood cells (WBCs). Results: The obtained data revealed that NaNO2 induced a significant decrease in the percentages of RBCs count, Hb content, PCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets, WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils count. On the other hand, a noticeable increase in the percentage of lymphocytes was recorded in NaNO2 treated rats. Whereas, the treatment with Lipidium sativum seeds extract alone to rats did not cause a significant alterations in the hematological indices comparing to control group. There was a significant increase in total WBCs and neutrophils counts and a significant decrease in lymphocyts, monocyts, eosinophils and basophils counts. The treatment with Lipidium sativum seeds extract before injection with sodium nitrite were significantly ameliorated the changes induced in hematological parameters which caused by sodium nitrite comparing with the control group. Whereas, there were a significant increase in total WBCs count, neutrophils and eosinophils and a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the treatment with Lipidium sativum seeds extract significantly improved the changes in hematological parameters that caused by sodium nitrite and induced a significant increase of WBCs count may stimulate the animal’s immune system activation.

Efficiency of Lepidium sativum Seeds in Modulation the Alterations in Hematological Parameters Induced by Sodium Nitrite in Rats

Background: Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is probably best known as a food additive to prevent botulism. Aim of the work: The current study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Lipidium sativum seeds on hematotoxicity induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were divided into four groups. The first group without any treatment and served as control. The second group was given an intraperitoneal injection (IP) of a single dose of sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg body weight) 24 h prior to decapitation.The third group was received orally 300 mg/kg body weight of Lipidium sativum seeds extract for four weeks. The fourth group were treated orally with Lipidium sativum seeds extract (300 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks, prior to IP injection with a single dose of sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg body weight). Finally, blood samples were collected for hematological parameters estimation including red blood cell count (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLTs) and total and differential white blood cells (WBCs). Results: The obtained data revealed that NaNO2 induced a significant decrease in the percentages of RBCs count, Hb content, PCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets, WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils count. On the other hand, a noticeable increase in the percentage of lymphocytes was recorded in NaNO2 treated rats. Whereas, the treatment with Lipidium sativum seeds extract alone to rats did not cause a significant alterations in the hematological indices comparing to control group. There was a significant increase in total WBCs and neutrophils counts and a significant decrease in lymphocyts, monocyts, eosinophils and basophils counts. The treatment with Lipidium sativum seeds extract before injection with sodium nitrite were significantly ameliorated the changes induced in hematological parameters which caused by sodium nitrite comparing with the control group. Whereas, there were a significant increase in total WBCs count, neutrophils and eosinophils and a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the treatment with Lipidium sativum seeds extract significantly improved the changes in hematological parameters that caused by sodium nitrite and induced a significant increase of WBCs count may stimulate the animal’s immune system activation.

Evaluation of some immunological parameters in chronic kidney disease patients in Erbil- Iraq

This study was conducted to investigate risk factors, measure some inflammatory mediators included (IL-8 and IFN-gamma), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) complement protiens (C3 and C4). 30 chronic kidney disease patients and 13 healthy persons (control group). Their age ranged (20-65) for both studied groups. The studied group older than 50 years, obese and overweighted persons were at risk to infect with CKD. Family history has no such a risk for CKD. 35% of the patients were smokers. There was no any significant difference in WBC counts, and decrease in monocytes were observed (p=0.06), there were significant decrease in lymphocytes and granulocytes (p=0.001) and (p=0.03) respectively. However, significant increase was found in IL-8, IFN-ƴ, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 (p>0.05). It was observed in this study that CKD was more common among older ages, the males were more susceptible to get CKD.

Hemato-biochemical alterations and urinalysis in dogs suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aim:The study was designed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical alterations, urinalysis along with histomorphological and histological changes of prostate glands in dogs affected with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.Materials and Methods:In toto, 445 dogs presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, one Government Veterinary Hospital and two pet clinics in and around Bhubaneswar screened for the presence of BPH. Most of the 57 dogs were 6 years and above as reported by the owners. Only 57 dogs found positive for BPH basing on the presence of typical clinical signs subjected for a detailed hemato-biochemical study. Most of the 57 dogs were 6 years and above as reported by the owners. Routine and microscopic urinalyses were done as per the routine procedure. Histomorphological evaluations of prostate glands were done through manual rectal palpation. Histological examinations of prostate tissue sections of two dead dogs were conducted with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain.Results:The study revealed about 12.8% (57/445) of dogs was suffering from BPH. Typical clinical signs - such as passing small thin tape-shaped feces, holding tail away from backward, tenesmus, and straining during urination and defecation - were seen in most of the cases. Urine samples of affected dogs were positive for glucose, occult blood, and protein. A significant decrease in lymphocytes and increase in eosinophil counts in dogs with BPH was recorded. Serum biochemical analysis showed a nonsignificant increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio. Histology of prostate glands collected during postmortem was characterized by fibrosis of prostate gland, and hyperplasia of the acinar epithelium.Conclusions:High rate of the prevalence of BPH in dogs poses an alarming condition which if diagnosed at an early stage can certainly prolong the longevity of the dogs.

Immuno-physiological alterations from AFB1 in rats counteracted by treatments with Lactobacillus paracasei BEJ01 and montmorillonite clay mixture

High contamination by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been detected in Beja province (Tunisia) in many dairy products and animal feed, which has resulted in many tons of cereals and cereals being removed from the market, causing economic loss. While removal represents a means of reducing risk, exposures still occur. Studies have increasingly focused on means of AFB1 biodegradation/elimination using lactic acid bacteria and clay mineral. In the study here, Lactobacillus paracasei BEJ01 (LP) and montmorilonite clay (MT) were used to reduce the physio-/immunotoxicologic disorders that could develop in rats that underwent AFB1 exposures for a total of 7 consecutive days. The results indicated that rats treated with AFB1 (80 μg/kg BW) alone had significant decreases in lymphocytes in their blood (including B-lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subtypes, and NK cells), immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) and pro-inflammatory cytokines; these rats also had altered oxidative stress status. In contrast, in rats treated with LP + MT (2 × 109 cfu/ml [∼ 2 mg/kg] + 0.5 mg MT/kg BW) for a total of 7 days before, concurrent with or after AFB1 treatment, there was a significant blockade/mitigation of each AFB1-impacted parameter. Moreover, treatment with the mixture at any point in relation to AFB1 treatment expectedly caused enhanced TNFα and IL-1β expression relative to control values; all other parameters were comparable to values noted in control rats. Alone, the mixture had no impact on host parameters. From the results here it may be concluded the the LP + MT mixture was effective in protecting these hosts against AFB1-induced immunologic/physiologic disorders and that LP + MT could prevent and/or mitigate AFB1 toxicities in vivo.

Comparative histopathological and histochemical impacts induced by the posterior salivary gland and ink sac extracts of Octopus vulgaris in mice

Octopus vulgaris is of great importance for humans as a food resource and in fishery. The present study gave the first new insight about the comparative histopathological and histochemical impacts of oral administration of a single dose (25mg/kg) of the posterior salivary gland (PSG) and ink sac (IS) extracts of O. vulgaris in mice. Histopathologically, the changes in the liver of PSG and IS extracts administrated mice were lymphocyte aggregations, cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration and enlargement and congestion of hepatic portal veins. The changes caused by the PSG extract were more than those of the IS extract. In the treated spleen, IS extract showed higher impacts more than the PSG extract and occurred as lymphocyte aggregations, red pulp infiltration, increase of megakaryocytes number and mild distortion in the follicle shape. PSG and IS extracts exerted similar impacts in the ileum which detected as villi hyperplasia, epithelial and lamina propria degeneration, epithelial detachment and lymphocytes infiltration. Histochemically, IS extract increased hepatic collagenous fibers more than PSG extract especially after 7days of administration. Both extracts reduced the liver general carbohydrates and illeal mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis. PSG and IS extracts exerted significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes. Hematological studies after PSG administration revealed a significant increase in leukocytic count, and platelets and a significant decrease in lymphocytes and granulocytes. However, IS extract caused a significant increase in platelets. The present data could introduce new information about the toxicity of these extracts especially in the countries which depend on O. vulgaris ink in their food.

Toxic effect of nano-zinc oxide.

Nowadays, a lot of studies were carried out about side effects of nanoparticles especially nano-zinc oxide, but unfortunately, most of these studies have been conducted with high doses. In the present study 36 male Wistar rats with approximate age of two months and weighing 300±30 g were selected. After standard phases of preparation, injections were done intraperitoneally in chronic groups with zinc oxide nanoparticles (20 and 40 mg/kg) every other day and for acute groups with 200 and 400 mg/kg in a single dose. After the determined time for every group (21 days for chronic groups and 7 days for acute groups), blood samples were provided from rat hearts and also liver, kidney and testicular tissue were removed for histological studies. There were significant decreases in lymphocytes and platelet counts and significant increases in white blood cells count, hemoglobin and hematocrit in acute dose compared to control group and no difference in red blood cells count in all groups. A severe to slight damage was observed in liver tissue in all groups and tissue destruction was seen in kidney only in acute dose treated groups but no specific pathological effect in testis was observed (Fig. 8, Ref. 43).

AB0687 Th-17 cytokine profile in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

BackgroundTh17 cells have recently been identified as important in pathogenesis of chronic arthritis including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Th17 are highly proinflammatory subset of T cells, characterised by production of...