Significant Decrease In Waist Circumference Research Articles

Effects of ketogenic diet on weight loss parameters among obese or overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails.

To evaluate how effective a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is for changing key physical measurements such as weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and fat mass (FM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were obese or overweight. Several online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (WOS), were searched systematically to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up until June 2023. The Q-test and I2 statistics were used to assess the level of heterogeneity among the included studies. The data were then combined using either a fixed or random effects model and presented as a weighted mean difference (WMD) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 682 citations, 11 RCTs were included. The pooled results showed a significant decrease in the WMD of weight levels [WMD = -9.13 kg; 95% CI, -11.88, -6.39, P < 0.001; I2 = 87.23%] following KD. Moreover, KD significantly reduced BMI levels [WMD = -2.93 kg/m2; 95% CI, -3.65, -2.21, P < 0.001; I2 = 78.81%] compared to the controls. Patients with PCOS received KD demonstrated significant decrease in WC [WMD = -7.62 cm; 95% CI, -10.73, -4.50, P < 0.001; I2 = 89.17%] and FM [WMD = -5.32 kg; 95% CI, -7.29, -3.36, P < 0.001; I2 = 83.97%]. KD was associated with lower weight loss (WL) parameters, including weight, BMI, WC, and FM, in obese or overweight women with PCOS, highlighting the significance of physicians and nurses in taking care of the nutritional needs of overweight/obese patients with PCOS.

Body composition changes and their relationship with obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms, severity: The Sleeping Well Trial

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity share a complex bi-directional relationship as location of body fat and changes in regional body composition may be more important for OSA improvement than changes in total body weight only. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-month weight loss intervention for adults newly diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA and obesity on regional body composition. The secondary aims evaluated the relationship between changes in OSA symptoms and severity and anthropometry and regional body composition during the first 12-months after commencing CPAP and explored differences in outcomes between males and females. Participants (n=59) received CPAP overnight at home alongside a 6-month modified fasting intervention with 12-months follow up. Regional body composition was measured by Dual X-ray absorptiometry, (DXA) and anthropometry before and after the lifestyle intervention. OSA severity was measured using the apnoea hypopnea index via overnight polysomnography and OSA symptoms were measured using the Epworth Sleepiness scale. Forty-seven adults (74% male) had complete measures available with a mean age of 50.0y (SD 11.0) and BMI 34.1kg/m2 (SD 5.0). Following the intervention average fat mass changed by-5.27kg (5.36), p<0.001) and visceral adipose tissue (-0.63kg (0.67), p<0.001) significantly decreased in males only with a maintenance of fat-free mass (mean-0.41kg (1.80), p=0.18). Females (n=12) had significant decreases in waist circumference (mean-3.36cm (3.18) p<0.01), android lean (-0.12kg (0.04), p<0.05) and android total mass (-0.28kg (0.39), p<0.05) only. Regional body composition changes in males were positively associated with improvements in OSA severity (p<0.01) but not OSA symptoms. Improvements in regional body composition were seen in males only which were related to improvements in OSA severity but not OSA symptoms. Females may exhibit different OSA pathophysiology and may require different treatment approaches. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369975&isReview=trueAACTRN12616000203459 ACTRN12616000203459.

Effects of Hydroxycitric Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Obesity Indices, Appetite, Leptin, and Adiponectin of Women with NAFLD on a Calorie-Restricted Diet.

This trial assessed the effects of a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) with hydroxycitric acid (HCA) supplementation on appetite-regulating hormones, obesity indices, body composition, and appetite in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was carried out on 44 overweight/obese women with NAFLD. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, namely, "Intervention group" (receiving individual CRD plus HCA tablets per day) and "Control group" (receiving only CRD) for eight weeks. Obesity indices, body composition, appetite status, and serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were assessed before and after the intervention. Forty patients completed the trial. At the end of the trial, although significant reductions were found in most of the studied obesity indices in the intervention group, there was only a significant decrease in waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in the control group. Fat mass and muscle mass significantly decreased in the intervention group (p=0.044 and p=0.024, respectively), and the reduction in visceral fat in the intervention group was significantly greater than that in the control group (-0.49 kg vs -0.37 kg, p=0.024). Intra- and intergroup differences in serum leptin and adiponectin levels and their ratios before and after the trial were not significant. We found a negative and marginally significant correlation between percent of changes in serum adiponectin level and percent of changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r = -0.429, p=0.067) and BMI (r = -0.440, p=0.059) as well as an inverse relationship between percent of changes in leptin/adiponectin with VAT (r = -0.724, p < 0.001) in the intervention group. HCA plus weight loss diet could significantly reduce visceral adipose tissue without any significant changes in serum leptin and adiponectin levels.

The Effect of Microbiome Therapies on Waist Circumference, a Measure of Central Obesity, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Microbiome therapies (probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotics) have been proposed as adjuvants in the control of central obesity; however, their results for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies on central obesity as measured by waist circumference (WC), and to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies for glycemic parameters (fasting glucose [FPG], fasting insulin [FPI], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and insulin resistance [HOMA1-IR]) in patients with T2D. SCOPUS, Pubmed, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of microbiome therapies on WC up to June 1, 2022. Heterogeneity was determined using Cochran's Q test and quantified using the inconsistency index. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled difference in means (DM) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Egger's test and Beggs-Muzamar's test were used to assess publication bias. Fifteen reports were included (443 treated and 387 controls). Overall, a significant decrease in WC was found (DM=-0.97 cm; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=-1.74 to-0.20; P= 0.014); however, when stratified by type of microbiome therapy, only probiotics significantly decreased WC (DM=-0.62 cm; 95%CI=-1.00 to-0.24; P= 0.002). No effect was observed for prebiotics and synbiotics. With respect to glycemic parameters, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA1-IR significantly decrease with microbiome therapies (P ≤ 0.001). When stratified by the type of therapy, for probiotic treatments, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA1-IR scores decrease (P < 0.001). For prebiotic treatments, HbA1c and FPG (P ≤ 0.001) levels decrease, whereas FPI increased (P= 0.012). Synbiotic treatments were only associated with an increase in FPI (P= 0.031). Findings indicate that using probiotics alone improved WC in patients with T2D. Both probiotics and prebiotics decreased HbA1c and FPG; however, prebiotics and synbiotics resulted in an increase in FPI. The formulation of the therapy (single vs multi) had no difference on the effect.

DYNAMICS OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OBESE WOMEN WHO HAVE UNDERGONE CAESAREAN SECTION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

Purpose: to determine the effectiveness of restoring the health status of obese women who underwent cesarean section, based on the dynamics of metabolic syndrome parameters.&#x0D; Methods. During the research, 44 women aged 25.5±1.6 years at the end of the late postpartum period (2 months after childbirth) were examined. The control group consisted of 17 women with normal body weight who gave birth vaginally and recovered independently in the postpartum period. The comparison group consisted of 14 obese women who independently recovered in the postpartum period. The experimental group consisted of 13 obese women who, for 3 months, performed a physical therapy program (therapeutic exercises for the muscles of the back, abdomen, upper and lower limbs, functional training; pressotherapy; vacuum massage; nutritional recommendations. The criteria for metabolic syndrome were studied: abdominal obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance (according to the results of a 2-hour loading test), total cholesterol, high triglyceride content, decreased high-density lipoprotein content.&#x0D; Research results. During the observation period (3 months), the women of the control group increased their body weight by 0.61 kg on average, the comparison group - by 1.66 kg, while the women of the experimental group decreased their body weight by 2.57 kg, which was reflected in the dynamics body mass index. In the women of the research group, it was possible to achieve a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference (p&lt;0.05), which can be explained not only by the decrease in the amount of abdominal fat, but also by the toning of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, weakened by overstretching during pregnancy. Such dynamics influenced the parameters of the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference in the direction of its improvement, although normalization was not achieved. Under the influence of physical therapy, the expressiveness of biochemical manifestations of metabolic and dyslipidemic manifestations in the women of the research group decreased relative to the parameters of the first examination. Fasting glucose parameters reached the normal range, tissue sensitivity to glucose was restored. Positive changes in the concentrations of lipid fractions in the direction of decreasing atherogenicity were observed. At the same time, women in the comparison group showed a tendency to increase body weight, worsening of atherogenic dyslipidemia, i.e. signs of metabolic syndrome. In women of the control group with normal body weight, there were no changes in the studied indicators.&#x0D; Conclusions. Obesity as an independent pathological process increases the risks during pregnancy and childbirth for both the mother and the child, leading to an increase in the frequency of abdominal delivery with appropriate postpartum rehabilitation in such women. The improvement of anthropometric indicators and the reduction of dysmetabolic and dyslipidemic manifestations indicate the sufficient effectiveness of physical therapy in correcting body weight in women with obesity in the postpartum period, although in order to achieve normal body weight indicators and complete normalization of indicators, the duration of recovery measures should be longer than three months, and for all patients of this profile need lifelong adherence to a balanced diet.

Effect of Acupoint Catgut Embedding for Abdominally Obese Female with Strong Appetite: Mixed Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abdominal obesity (AO) is not only a health issue, but also a serious impact on women's work and life. The article of acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) on AO has already been accepted to be published and showed significant effect. However, whether ACE is effective for abdominally obese female with strong appetite is still unclear. This is a mixed analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Which was conducted in China between July 2018 and March 2020 (n = 101), while with the supplementary samples (n = 22) between April 2020 and June 2022. According to the appetite and intervention methods, 123 abdominally obese female were divided into ACE group with strong appetite (n = 27) and moderate appetite (n = 31), control (non-acupoint catgut embedding) group with strong appetite (n = 37) and moderate appetite (n = 28). Four subgroups were given a 12-week actual intervention period and a 4-week follow-up. Waist circumference (WC), appetite, body weight and BMI were applied and assessed at baseline and after 6, 12 and 16 weeks. In this study, the mean onset age of abdominal obesity in females was 25.27 (8.19) years old. The longer duration of AO, the lower the appetite in females (p<0.05). At 12 and 16 weeks, ACE group with strong appetite showed significant decrease in WC and appetite than control group with strong appetite (p<0.01). However, ACE group with moderate appetite showed no significant decrease than control group with moderate appetite in WC, appetite, body weight and BMI (p>0.05). At 12 and 16 weeks, there was no significant difference in appetite between the ACE groups (strong and moderate appetite)(p>0.05), while there was still a difference between the control groups (p<0.05). Younger abdominally obese female had a stronger appetite. ACE own the remarkable therapeutic effects for younger abdominally obese female and showed the perfect effect on appetite-reduction.

Relationship between Cardiometabolic Factors and the Response of Blood Pressure to a One-Year Primary Care Lifestyle Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome Patients.

Systemic hypertension has been recognized as a modifiable traditional cardiovascular risk factor and influenced by many factors such as eating habits, physical activity, diabetes, and obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors that predict changes in blood pressure induced by a one-year lifestyle intervention in primary care settings involving a collaboration between family physicians, dietitians, and exercise specialists. Patients with metabolic syndrome diagnosis were recruited by family physicians participating in primary care lifestyle intervention among several family care clinics across Canada. Participants for whom all cardiometabolic data at the beginning (T0) and the end (T12) of the one-year intervention were available were included in the present analysis (n = 101). Patients visited the dietitian and the exercise specialist weekly for the first three months and monthly for the last nine months. Diet quality, exercise capacity, anthropometric indicators, and cardiometabolic variables were evaluated at T0 and at T12. The intervention induced a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and plasma triglycerides, and an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated VO2max). Body weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.006) reduction, and VO2max increase (p = 0.048) were all related to changes in SBP. WC was the only variable for which changes were significantly correlated with those in both SBP (p < 0.0001) and DBP (p = 0.0004). Variations in DBP were not associated with changes in other cardiometabolic variables to a statistically significant extent. Twelve participants were identified as adverse responders (AR) in both SBP and DBP and displayed less favorable changes in WC. The beneficial effects of the primary care lifestyle intervention on blood pressure were significantly associated with cardiometabolic variables, especially WC. These findings suggest that a structured lifestyle intervention in primary care can help improve cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome and that WC should be systematically measured to better stratify the patient’s hypertension risk.

Long-term outcomes of conventional and novel steroid replacement therapy on bone health in primary adrenal insufficiency

Steroids affect bone health causing osteoporosis and fractures. The study aims to compare dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) and conventional steroids on bone metabolism in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). Thirty-five patients with PAI on conventional steroids (group A) and 35 patients switched to DR-HC (group B), consecutively referred at our hospital, were evaluated at baseline and after 18, 36 and 60 months of treatment. After 60 months of follow-up, patients in group A had a significant increase in body mass index (p = 0.004) and waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.026) and a significant decrease in osteocalcin (p = 0.002), bone alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.029), lumbar spine bone mass density (BMD) T and Z scores (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and vertebral fractures rate (p = 0.021) than baseline. By contrast, patients in group B had a significant decrease in WC (p = 0.047) and increase in bone alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.019), lumbar spine BMD T score (p = 0.032), femoral neck BMD T and Z scores (p = 0.023 and p = 0.036, respectively) than baseline. Long-term conventional steroid replacement therapy is associated with a decrease in BMD, notably at lumbar spine, and increase in vertebral fractures rate. By contrast, DR-HC treatment is associated with improvement of BMD.

The Anti-Obesity Potential of Cyperus rotundus Extract Containing Piceatannol, Scirpusin A and Scirpusin B from Rhizomes: Preclinical and Clinical Evaluations.

PurposeObesity is a complex medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and fatty liver disease. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract (CRE), standardized to contain Piceatannol, Scirpusin A, and Scirpusin B (5% total Stilbenoids) in overweight individuals. The mechanism of activity was evaluated in a diet-induced mice model of obesity and adipocytes in vitro.Materials and MethodsThe efficacy, safety, and tolerability of CRE were evaluated in 30 obese individuals with a BMI of 30 to 40 kg/m2 for 90 days in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. In vitro studies were carried out in differentiated 3T3 L1 adipocytes, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.ResultsThe pilot clinical study showed a reduction in body weight with a significant decrease in waist circumference and BMI. The serum lipid profile showed a significant improvement in CRE-treated individuals. The extract was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were reported at the end of the study. CRE showed a dose-dependent adipogenesis reduction in vitro with an IC50 value of 9.39 μg/mL, while oral administration of CRE reduced weight gain in diet-induced obese mice. The efficacy in mice was associated with reduced levels of leptin, corticosteroids, and serum lipid levels, with no adverse effects.ConclusionCRE has anti-adipogenic properties, is safe for human consumption, and effectively manages weight and hypercholesterolemia in overweight individuals.

Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Health Management Program for Psychiatric Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

This study developed an integrated health management program for metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients and examined its effects on self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle, physiological indicators, knowledge of metabolic syndrome, attitudes toward healthy behavior, and social support. A non-equivalent control group pretest posttest design was used. The participants were 65 psychiatric patients with metabolic syndrome in psychiatric rehabilitation centers, with 33 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. The experimental group participants engaged in daily mobile application and walking exercises three times a week for more than 40 minutes over 8 weeks, while those in the control group were provided education booklets. The outcomes were measured using self-report questionnaires, anthropometrics, and blood analyses. Intervention effects were analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANCOVA, and Ranked ANCOVA. The experimental group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy (F = 8.85, p = .004, ηp² = .13) and knowledge of metabolic syndrome (t = 2.60, p = .012, d = 0.60) compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated a significant decrease in waist circumference (Z = -2.34, p = .009, d = 0.58) and body mass index (Z = -1.91, p = .028, d = 0.47) compared to the control group. The integrated health management program for psychiatric patients with metabolic syndrome is effective in improving self-efficacy and knowledge of metabolic syndrome and decreasing physiological indicators such as waist circumference and body mass index.

Changes in Serum High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Concentrations According to Differences in Water Intake in Young Women

Water is essential for life; however, little is known about the precise amount of water intake that is beneficial for cardiovascular health. This study aimed to determine the impact of water intake amounts on cardiovascular disease (CVD) predictors. We reviewed 40 healthy women and divided them into four groups as follows: control, 1-L, 1.5-L, and 2-L water intake. The participants consumed the indicated amount of water daily. After 2 weeks, we evaluated the participants for changes in physiological conditions and CVD predictors. There was a significant decrease in waist circumference (WC) in all water intake groups except control group. The experiment showed no significant difference in the participants’ blood cell count; however, reduced mean platelet volume was observed in the 2-L intake group. Regarding lipid profiles, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly in the 2-L intake group. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly in the 2-L intake group. Consuming >2 L of water daily may be more effective than consuming <2 L of water daily to reduce the risk of CVD. Therefore, this study suggests that drinking 2 L of water or more daily can help maintain a healthy life and prevent the onset of diseases in adults.

Effectiveness of Workplace Exercise Interventions on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this review was to analyze the effectiveness of workplace exercise interventions on body composition (BC). Studies published in PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO, from the earliest time point until 8 July 2020. Inclusion criteria were worksite interventions, in adults, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), real exercise practice, and measuring BC outcomes. Exclusion criteria were full-text non-available, abstract not in English, and exercise protocol missing. 157 studies were retrieved and assessed for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers, who also used the Cochrane's Collaboration Tool to assess study quality and risk of bias. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect size of the interventions on BC outcomes reported in at least 5 studies. Twelve RCTs were included (n = 1270, 66% women), quality of studies being low to high (25% moderate, 67% high). Interventions achieved a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference (SMD = 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06 to 0.41; p = 0.008), total mass fat (SMD = 0.21; 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.41; p = 0.047), and body adiposity index (SMD = 0.20; 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.41; p = 0.049). No changes were observed in body weight (SMD = 0.08 95%CI: -0.02 to 0.18; p = 0.128). Additionally, muscle mass increased in interventions that included strength training. There were no adverse events reported. The most effective workplace exercise interventions to improve BC combined supervised, moderate-intensity aerobic and strength training, for at least 4 months.

Effect of a nurse-led intervention program on the physical health and quality of life of individuals with severe mental illness.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nurse-led intervention programs on patients' physical health, physical activities, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and quality of life. The research was conducted with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 33 individuals with severe mental illness. Data were collected with the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II, the Short Form-36 Quality-of-Life Instrument, and pedometers. The individuals in the intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference and increases in the physical activity and nutrition dimensions of healthy lifestyle behaviors and the physical function of quality of life. No statistically significant changes were detected in anthropometric measurements, healthy lifestyle behaviors, or quality-of-life subscales in the control group. Mental health nursing and psychiatric nurses should plan and implement interventions to encourage healthy eating and physical activity for patients.

Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on insulin sensitivity and body composition in congenital hypogonadism: A prospective longitudinal follow-up study.

Aims:To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and whole-body composition in patients with congenital hypogonadism and investigate the effects of replacement therapy with testosterone undecanoate on MS, insulin resistance (IR), and whole-body composition in subset of patients.Methods:In a single arm prospective longitudinal intervention study, 33 patients with congenital hypogonadism, ages 20–39 years, were recruited and their parameters of MS, whole-body composition by DXA were compared with age and BMI matched healthy controls. In 21 patients, after 9 months we prospectively studied the effect (pre–post difference) of injection testosterone undecanoate (1,000 mg) replacement on MS, IR, and whole-body compositions.Results:The prevalence of MS was similar in patients and controls (27.3% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.05). Hypogonadism patients had higher prevalence of hypertension (33% vs. 3%, P < 0.01). Patients had decrease in lean body mass (P < 0.05) as compared to controls. After testosterone replacement, there was significant decrease in waist circumference (88.6 ± 13.1 cm vs. 83.9 ± 12.9 cm, P < 0.01), truncal fat (25.9 ± 7.3% vs. 24.0 ± 6.3%, P < 0.05), fasting C-peptide (2.1 ± 0.79 ng/ml vs. 0.68 ± 0.23 ng/ml, P < 0.01), serum proinsulin [1.43 (0.32– 13.4) vs. 0.5 (0.5–3.2) pmol/l, P < 0.001] and a significant increase in lean body mass (46,906 ± 8,876 gm vs. 50,083 ± 7,590 gm, P < 0.001). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (4.6 ± 1.7 vs. 0.5 ± 0.2, P < 0.001) and homeostatic model for assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) [21 (12–65) vs. 206 (125–714), P < 0.001] were improved significantly following testosterone replacement.Conclusion:In this study, 36 weeks of testosterone replacement resulted in significant decrease in waist circumference, IR, truncal fat, total body fat and improvement in lean body mass, and insulin sensitivity.

Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study

High nut consumption has been previously associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) regardless of race and dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55-75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and <40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption. As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P <0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P=0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P <0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P <0.001), and nut consumption (P <0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts. Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.

Effect of implementation intention on walking in people with diabetes: an experimental approach.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of implementation intentions as an intervention strategy to promote walking in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSWe conducted a controlled and randomized trial, with 12 months of follow-up, involving 65 people with T2DM recruited from primary health care units and allocated them in the control group (CG, n = 32) and intervention group (IG, n = 33). The IG received the implementation intention strategy to promote walking and the CG remained in follow-up for conventional treatment in primary health care. The researchers were blinded by anthropometric measurements and the filling of the instruments.RESULTSAfter twelve months of follow up, the IG presented a statistically significant increase in the leisure time physical activity when compared with the CG (p = 0.0413) and showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.0061). No significant difference was observed regarding body mass index and glycated hemoglobin among groups.CONCLUSIONSImplementation intention was effective in promoting walking and improving clinical indicators in adults with T2DM.

Patient-reported outcomes and biochemical alterations during hormonal therapy in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism who have finished infertility treatment.

Male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (MHH) is effectively treated by gonadotropins with a high rate of ejaculate sperm and paternity; however, there is no information regarding the appropriate management, including patient-reported outcomes (PROs), of men with MHH who have finished infertility treatment. To compare health-related quality of life, erectile function and biochemical alterations in men with MHH who were treated with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Twenty-six MHH patients (mean age: 34 years) who needed to improve their androgen deficiency symptoms underwent either hCG therapy (n = 16, started with self-injection of 2,000-7,500 IU per week) or TRT (n = 10, testosterone enanthate 250 mg every 3 weeks). The 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire, five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and hormonal and biochemical analyses were assessed every 3 months. Changes and comparison of each treatment regarding these parameters were analyzed. Both hCG and TRT significantly improved all domains of the SF-36, except for bodily pain and social functioning. hCG significantly improved the general and mental health domains compared with TRT. Significant improvements in IIEF-5 were observed with both treatments, showing significant improvement with hCG compared to TRT. TRT caused progressive testicular atrophy. There were significant decreases in waist circumference and triglycerides in both treatment groups and significant elevations in prostate-specific antigen and hematocrit. Both hCG and TRT are effective and safe, with preferable PROs by hCG, for treating androgen deficiency in men with MHH who do not need infertility treatment.

The Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Weight and Body Composition in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common causes of endocrine disorders with irregular menstruation, is accompanied by an increase in androgen and polycystic ovarian. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss regimen with and without supplementation. L-carnitine affects lipid profile, insulin, and hormone resistance indices.&#x0D; Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted over women within the age range of 18 to 45 years, who referred to Yazd Diabetes Center in 2019. The participants were divided into the experimental and control groups. The intervention group received 1000 mg L-carnitine (LG = 28) and the placebo group (PG = 28) received the placebo daily. All people followed a low celery diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices and body composition (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass, and free fat mass) were measured prior to and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean changes between the LG and PG.&#x0D; Results: At the end of the study period, patients treated with L-carnitine showed a significant decrease in waist circumference compared to the PG (change: -1 ± 3.15, P = 0.001) and no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of other anthropometrics indices and body composition including fat mass, body mass index, and hip circumference (P &gt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study showed that 1000 mg oral L-carnitine had no significant effect on body weight, body mass index, body composition, and hip circumference, but had a significant effect on waist circumference size.

Functional Dentition and 12-Month Changes in Body Measurements among Thai Older Adults.

This study evaluated the association of functional dentition with 12-month changes in body measurements and nutrient intake among older adults. Data from 651 community dwellers, aged 60 years and over, in Phetchaburi, Thailand, were analysed (retention rate: 83%). Data were collected via interviews (including a semi-structured food frequency questionnaire), anthropometric measurements and dental examinations. Associations were tested in linear regression models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic factors, behaviours, chronic conditions and medications. On average, participants experienced a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) and significant decreases in waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). A negative, albeit not significant, association between functional dentition and change in BMI was observed after adjusting for confounders. Whilst participants who had non-functional dentition without dentures experienced increases in BMI (predicted mean change: 0.25; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.09, 0.41), those who had non-functional dentition with dentures (0.21; 95%CI: −0.08, 0.50) and functional dentition (−0.07; 95%CI: −0.42, 0.28) remained stable. No similar trends were noted for WC or TSF. Functional dentition was not associated with changes in nutrient intake either. The findings provide little evidence on the association of functional dentition with short-term changes in nutrient intake or nutritional status.

Electroacupuncture Treatment for Women with Primary Obesity: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment for women with “primary obesity.” Primary obesity is caused by an imbalance in energy intake and consumption due to abnormal eating and living habits in the absence of specific diseases causing the obesity. A literature review (up to December 2019) of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of electroacupuncture treatment for women with “primary obesity” was performed. Relevant clinical studies were retrieved from several databases, and interventions and results were analyzed. There were 6 RCT that fitted the inclusion criteria for this review. The intervention for the treatment group of the selected 6 RCT was electrical stimulation applied to acupoints. Interventions for the control groups included non-treatment, general acupuncture, and so on. Indicators for assessing treatment effects varied from study to study. Four out of 5 studies used body mass index (BMI) as an assessment tool and showed a significant decrease in BMI following electroacupuncture treatment. There were 4 studies using waist circumference as an indicator of abdominal obesity and these studies showed a significant decrease in waist circumference following electroacupuncture treatment. Electroacupuncture treatment used in primary obese women had a clinically significant effect, however, further RCT are needed.