Significant Decrease In Intensity Research Articles

Поиски альтернативной терапии хронического цистита: результаты проспективного сравнительного рандомизированного исследования по изучению эффективности биологически активного комплекса «Цисталис® Д Плюс».

Introduction. Cystitis is one of the most prevalent urinary tract infection (UTI) type. An important specifity of cystitis is the tendency to relapse and chronization of the disease. The search for a safe and effective strategy for the treatment and prevention of recurrence of chronic cystitis is an extremely urgent problem. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Cystalis® D Plus with antibiotics treatment in chronic cystitis relapses treatment. Materials and methods. The study included 120 patients with an established diagnosis of chronic cystitis at the moment of intensification. All patients were randomized into 4 groups: the first group received Cystalis® D Plus in monotherapy for 7 days, the second group received Cystalis® D Plus for 7 days together with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in accordance with the recommendations, the third group received fosfomycin trometamol in accordance with the recommendations, the fourth group received fosfomycin trometamol together with NSAIDs in accordance with recommendations. All groups were monitored for a month after the start of therapy. Results. Patients from all groups noted a significant decrease in intensity of pain according to VAS already on the third day of treatment. Also, there was a significant decrease in the symptoms of acute cystitis on thescale «Acute cystitis symptom score» (ACSS scale), a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the urine and a decrease in microbial load in all groups. All the positive changes in the groups were comparable to each other. Conclusions. «Cystalis® D Plus» leads to rapid and persistent relief of symptoms of recurrent cystitis both in monotherapy mode and in combination with other groups of drugs.

In and out Beauty and Sensitive Skin, a Psychophysiological Exploration: Myth or Reality?

Knowing that biomolecules, such as β-amyrin and α-amyrin, have some pharmacological effects, the aim of this study was directed towards exploring the protective effect of Tomato Peel and Seed Extract (TPSE) for its soothing function but also for its capacity to modulate the adrenal axis, which is involved in stress response. Ex vivo tests were carried out on skin explants to evaluate the effectiveness of TPSE formulated at 0.5% on Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and IL-10 release, Kappa Opioid Receptor (KOR), and Caspase 14 expression. An in vivo study combined a clinical evaluation of skin homogeneity and psychological parameters as well as an analysis of salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations. All measurements were carried out at the beginning and after 28 days of applying a TPSE face cream. TPSE regulated not only the release of CGRP, IL-10, and the expression of Caspase 14, reflecting anti-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, but also modulated KORs. Twenty-eight days of TPSE application induced a significant decrease in intensity and extent erythrosis, a lower output of salivary cortisol, and a significant increase in pleasant emotions when compared to placebo. These results provide encouragement to continue exploring the impact of cosmetic ingredients on psychophysiological parameters to improve skin health and well-being.

Expression of GATA3, p63, E-cadherin and Her2Neu Immunohistochemical Stains in Urothelial Carcinoma and their Relationship with Histological Grading and Prognosis- A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Urinary bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer worldwide. Cystoscopy and biopsy/Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT) are the best techniques for diagnosing and staging urinary bladder cancers. Urothelial Carcinomas (UC), particularly in transurethral resection biopsies, can pose diagnostic difficulties due to limited material. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays a valuable role in these settings, and many immunostains are being utilised for diagnostic evaluation. However, the relationship of these immunomarkers with histological grade and their prognostic utility has not been adequately explored. Aim: To analyse expression of Her2Neu, E-cadherin, p63, and GATA3 in UC and its relation with histological grading and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This was an observational crosssectional study conducted in the Pathology Department of IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India over two years (November 2020-October 2022). Samples of 100 bladder carcinoma patients with predominant TURBT specimens were included in the study. The histopathological reports and tumour grading were done according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of urinary bladder tumours. The Formalin Fixed Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of the tumour blocks were subjected to IHC staining, and the results were interpreted accordingly. Statistical analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), IBM (version 25.0). Unpaired t-test and Z-test (Standard Normal Deviate) were used to test the significant difference between two proportions. Results: The mean age of the study population was 59.69±14.53 years, and there was a male preponderance (male: female=3.54:1). Histopathological examination revealed 55% to be of low-grade morphology. Overall, 53% of cases were in T1 stage, and the rest were in T2 stage. On IHC analysis, E-cadherin showed a statistically significant decrease in intensity with increasing grade (p-value <0.001) and T stage of UC (p-value <0.001), but there was no statistically significant relationship between Her2Neu expression and tumour grade/ stage (p-value 0.5764 and 0.5663, respectively). A statistically significant relationship was observed between GATA3 and p63 scores with the grade and T stage of the tumour, i.e., GATA3 positivity increased with increasing grade and T stage of the tumour (p-value <0.001 in both), and there was a loss of p63 with advancing grade and stage of the tumour (p-value <0.001 in both). Conclusion: GATA3, p63, and E-cadherin can be used as prognostic markers in UCs. No significant relationship was found between Her2Neu expression and tumour grade in UC.

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF BRIHAT DASHAMOOLA TAILA NASYA AND RASNA DASHAMOOLA KASHAYA WITH VARUNAADI KSHEERA GHRITA NASYA AND MUNDITAKA KASHAYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARDHAVABHEDAKA VIS-A-VIS MIGRAINE

Introduction: Ardhavabedhaka is a condition characterized by severe pain in half of the head, such as bheda, toda, bhrama, shula appearing in interval of either 15 or 10 days or spontaneously without any cause1. This disease shows close resemblance to migraine. Migraine is a neural condition characterized by severe recurrent headache usually on one side of the head often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and photophobia2. Migraine affects globally 12% of the population. In India 14.12%-25.2% population and it is a disease predominantly seen in females, with male to female ratio of 1.7:2.6 and among those from urban than rural areas 1.3:1.83. Currently, migraines are managed by usage of analgesics and triptans. Chronic usage of these drugs may cause renal and hepatotoxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to explore ayurvedic approaches that can combat the disease. In Ayurevda this disease is managed by usage of uttama matra of chatuhsneha, shirokaya virechana, nadi sweda, niruha basti, anuvasana basti and shamanaoushadi. As Nasya karma is the prime treatment modality for the management of urdhwa jatrugata vikaras, it is considered appropriate for management of Ardhavabedhaka4. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using Brihat dashamoola taila as nasya for 8 days and Rasna dashamooladi Kashaya as shamanoushadhi for 23 days post nasya in group 1 and Varunadi ksheera ghrita nasya for 8 days and Munditaka Kashaya as shamanoushadhi for 23 days post nasya in group 2. The assessments were done on the domains of intensity of pain, frequency of attacks and duration of pain, along with the Headache impact score, on the 0th, 8th and 31st days, before and after the treatment. Result: It showed that there was significant decrease in intensity, frequency, duration of pain and Hit score, post nasya karma in both group 1 and 2, also the reduction in pain was significant in both group 1 and 2 post shamanoushadhi. With the overall treatment, it was seen that the reduction in Hit score was highly significant with a p value of 0.000. On comparing the results obtained in both groups, it was observed that group 1 had significant results compared to group 2. Conclusion: Nasya karma works as a treatment of choice in Ardhavabhedaka, due to its ability to eliminate the accumulated doshas from the shiras. The present study showed that Brihat dashamoola taila nasya along with Rasna dashamoola kashaya gives better results in vatakapha pradhana Ardhavabhedaka, and Varunadi ksheera ghrita nasya along with Munditaka Kashaya works better in vatapitta pradhana Ardhavabhedaka.

Зарождение вихреобразования на границе кругового цилиндра при его обтекании потоком вязкой жидкости

The paper considers the problem of the generation of vortex formation on the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a flow of incompressible viscous fluid. To study this process, a new time-iterative approach is formu-lated for solving the 2D problem of flow around the circle based on the BIE method with Green's functions for the outer part of the cylinder with the Dirichlet boundary condition on its surface. A new approach, based on the transient Navier-Stokes equation in the variables stream function - vortex, using classical methods of potential theory and the boundary element method, allows us to obtain a complete system of three integral equations that determine the fields of stream functions and vorticity at a new time step, if these fields are known from the previous step. The assumption about the initial unexcited state of the flow (the vorticity function in the entire flow region is zero) allows us to obtain an analytical solution at the first time iteration step. The analysis of the obtained solution depending on the time step allows us to formulate a hypothesis about the nature of the generation of vortex formation on the surface of the circular cylinder in a flow of incompressible viscous fluid. The results obtained describe the appearance on the surface of the cylinder of two generalized vortices, having infinitely high intensity and infinitely small localization near the surface of the cylinder, which “instantly” break away from the surface of the cylinder, with a significant decrease in intensity, but with a large coverage of the flow around the cylinder.

Synthesis of optically enriched cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanocomposites: Reduction of methylene blue dye

This study reports the synthesis of highly pure nanosized composite materials using a sol-gel self-combustion synthesis (SCS) approach. The complex generated within the polyvinyl alcohol and precursor(s) induces combustion once the ignition temperature is reached, resulting in a porous nanocatalyst as the gaseous by-products are removed. The XRD and TEM morphological analyses confirmed the crystalline nature, interstitial inclusion of cobalt into the ZnO lattice, and the nanoscale size range (20–50 nm) of the synthesized materials. The photoluminescence spectra of the doped nanocomposites showed a significant decrease in intensity as well as a high percentage of visible light absorption potential over pure ZnO NPs. This confirms the presence of better charge transfer and its significance in preventing electron-hole recombination processes. The UV–vis-DRS and Mot-Schottky investigations showed better optoelectronic properties for the cobalt-doped ZnO composites (CZ-Cs) compared to that of the pure ZnO NPs. The indirect bandgap reduction (redshift) from 3.22 to 2.70 eV shows the perfect inclusion of cobalt in the ZnO lattice. It was revealed that the CZ-Cs showed better catalytic reduction potential for methylene blue dye within 12 min than ZnO. Thus, the solution combustion synthesis approach effectively synthesizes optoelectrically improved nanocomposite materials, which have promising prospects for catalysis, sensors, and biomedical applications.

Expression of syndecan-1 in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study.

Syndecans are a family of transmembrane proteins, belonging to heparin sulphate proteoglycan family and are localized entirely to the epithelial cells with the stratified squamous epithelia. They are involved in cell-cell adhesion and interaction with the extracellular matrix and play a critical role in cell growth, differentiation, cell morphology, and migration. The down regulation of syndecan-1 indicates loss of cellular adhesion and possibility of invasion. The present study is aimed to evaluate the difference in immunohistochemical expression of syndecan-1 in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and control group. The present study consists of 42 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue sections of OSCC; 14 well differentiated, 14 moderately differentiated, and 14 poorly differentiated. As a control, 10 paraffin-embedded tissue sections of unaffected oral mucosa were used. The sections were stained for immunohistochemical expression of syndecan -1. The intensity of staining was scored. The immunohistochemistry scores for each sample were obtained by Tissue Quant software. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant decrease in intensity of staining between normal and different grades of OSCC. This study shows that as cellular differentiation was lost, syndecan-1 expression was less. This provides an insight and understanding of the pathophysiology of the invasive process of OSCC and helps in establishing the prognostic link.

Influence of non-drug complex programs on severity of pain syndrome, psychoemotional status and quality of life in patients with urolithiasis before and after percutaneous nephroscopy

To study the effect of non-drug complex programs including intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) combined with ozone therapy and light therapy on severity of pain syndrome, psychoemotional status and quality of life in patients with urolithiasis before and after percutaneous nephroscopy. The study included 90 patients with urolithiasis aged 28-62 years (mean 37.6±4.5 years). Patients were divided into 3 groups comparable in age, sex, clinical and functional characteristics: group 1 (n=30) - standard therapy with a course of ILBI combined with ozone therapy (6 procedures) in preoperative period and polarized light therapy and ILBI (6 procedures) in early postoperative period (the next day after surgery); group 2 (n=30) - ILBI combined with ozone therapy in early postoperative period along standard therapy; group 3 (n=30) - standard postoperative therapy (antispasmodics, antibiotic therapy based on bacterial culture of urine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). To assess the effectiveness of treatment, we used 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS), 10-point SAM test (well-being, activity and mood) and short version of the SF-12 health questionnaire. Mean NRS score of pain prior to treatment was 5.9±0.8 points. After the course of rehabilitation in the 1st group, there was a significant decrease in intensity of pain (up to NRS score 1.1±0.1, p<0.001). In the 2nd group, analgesic effect was less significant (2.3±0.2 points; p<0.01). In the 3rd group, this value was 3.6±0.2 (p<0.001). The most significant dynamics of all indicators in SAM test was recorded in the 1st group (the indicators reached the values of healthy individuals). In the 2nd group, all indicators were 12.7-17.9% less than in the 1st group. In the 3rd group, the values were 32.4-39.4% less than in the 1st group ( p<0.05). According to the SF-12 questionnaire, 6.7% of patients reported low quality of life after treatment (compared to 83.3 and 53.3% in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively), 23.3% of patients reported high quality of life (10% in the 2nd group, no patients in the 3rd group). Two courses of non-drug rehabilitation including ILBI and ozone therapy in preoperative period and polarized light with ILBI in early postoperative period after percutaneous nephroscopy contribute to analgesic and psychocorrective effects. This significantly improves the quality of life of patients with urolithiasis before and after intervention.

No effect of abscisic and p-coumaric acids as food supplements and stimulants of the immunological system of Africanized hybrids of Apis mellifera

Bee colonies determined as Apis mellifera scutellata haplotype A1 were administered with a food supplement of sugar syrup mixed with p-coumaric acid (CUM), to test its supposed antioxidant effects; abscisic acid (ABA), to test whether it promotes innate immunity in bees, the combination of both (ABACUM), and syrup as a control. During three months, the number of cells with brood, honey and pollen reserves, as well as the concentration of hemocytes in worker bees were counted. Besides, Varroa destructor and Nosema ceranae were monitored. At the concentrations used, ABA and CUM had no effect on oviposition; however, there was a significant increase in the number of cells with brood or with honey and pollen reserves between the beginning and the end of the study. Regarding the monitoring of V. destructor, there were no significant differences between treatments; this mite did not cause obvious damage, seemingly because the experimental (Africanized) bees are considered tolerant to its infestation. There were no significant differences between treatments in infection by N. ceranae; however, there was a significant decrease in intensity, prevalence, and abundance of spores between the beginning and the end of the study, which was associated with the fact that the bees collected nectar and this resulted in the development of colonies. The number of hemocytes did not show a significant difference between treatments, but there was a significant increase between the first and the last evaluation. Neither ABA, CUM or ABACUM produced the predicted effects on the experimental bees.

Role of Ducting in Relativistic Electron Loss by Whistler‐Mode Wave Scattering

AbstractResonant interactions of energetic electrons with electromagnetic whistler‐mode waves (whistlers) contribute significantly to the dynamics of electron fluxes in Earth's outer radiation belt. At low geomagnetic latitudes, these waves are very effective in pitch angle scattering and precipitation into the ionosphere of low equatorial pitch angle, tens of keV electrons and acceleration of high equatorial pitch angle electrons to relativistic energies. Relativistic (hundreds of keV), electrons may also be precipitated by resonant interaction with whistlers, but this requires waves propagating quasi‐parallel without significant intensity decrease to high latitudes where they can resonate with higher energy low equatorial pitch angle electrons than at the equator. Wave propagation away from the equatorial source region in a non‐uniform magnetic field leads to ray divergence from the originally field‐aligned direction and efficient wave damping by Landau resonance with suprathermal electrons, reducing the wave ability to scatter electrons at high latitudes. However, wave propagation can become ducted along field‐aligned density peaks (ducts), preventing ray divergence and wave damping. Such ducting may therefore result in significant relativistic electron precipitation. We present evidence that ducted whistlers efficiently precipitate relativistic electrons. We employ simultaneous near‐equatorial and ground‐based measurements of whistlers and low‐altitude electron precipitation measurements by ELFIN CubeSat. We show that ducted waves (appearing on the ground) efficiently scatter relativistic electrons into the loss cone, contrary to non‐ducted waves (absent on the ground) precipitating only keV electrons. Our results indicate that ducted whistlers may be quite significant for relativistic electron losses; they should be further studied statistically and possibly incorporated in radiation belt models.

Chronicity of Challenging Behaviors in Persons with Severe/Profound Intellectual Disabilities Who Received Active Treatment During a 20‐Year Period

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of the chronicity of challenging behaviors in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorder while receiving active treatment over long periods is limited. Analysis of the chronicity of these behaviors and the corresponding intensity of treatment has important implications for clinical practice and provision of services.Specific AimsThe aim was to examine chronicity of challenging behaviors in individuals with ID receiving residential treatment over a 20‐year period addressing the following questions: (1) What is the prevalence of challenging behaviors requiring a Behavior Support Plan (BSP) within the population of the facility during the study? (2) Is there a significant decline in frequency of challenging behaviors of these persons with ID over time? (3) Is there a significant decrease in intensity of intervention targeting challenging behaviors of these persons with ID over time?MethodsThe treatment records of 216 persons with ID were examined to identify individuals for whom challenging behaviors required a Behavior Support Plan. The chronicity of five categories of challenging behavior and associated treatment interventions over a 20‐year period was analyzed through repeated measures analyses.FindingsA significant decline was found for the frequency of Physical Aggression, and Physical Disruption over 20 years, but not for Self‐Injury, Verbal Disruption, and Program Refusal. There was a corresponding significant reduction of intervention intensity for Physical Aggression and Physical Disruption, however, the need for interventions persisted over time for all challenging behaviors.DiscussionResults demonstrate that rates of challenging behaviors are chronic, but remain relatively low in the repertoire of persons with ID. Parallel findings on interventions suggest that comprehensive treatment programs are needed to maintain low rates of these challenging behaviors with implications for provision of services for persons with ID, as well as planning and policy implications for managing challenging behaviors.

Copper-Oxo Active Sites for Methane C-H Activation in Zeolites: Molecular Understanding of Impact of Methane Hydroxylation on UV-Vis Spectra.

Here, we analyze changes in the optical spectra of activated copper-exchanged zeolites during methane activation with the Tamm-Dancoff time-dependent density functional theory, TDA-DFT, while using the ωB2PLYP functional. Two active sites, [Cu2O]2+ and [Cu3O3]2+, were studied. For [Cu2O]+, the 22 700 cm-1 peak is associated with μ-oxo 2p → Cu 3d/4s charge transfer. Of the [Cu2O]2+ methane C-H activation intermediates that we examined, only [Cu-O(H)(H)-Cu] and [Cu-O(H)(CH3)-Cu] have spectra that match experimental observations. After methane activation, the μ-oxo 2p orbitals lose two electrons and become hybridized with methanol C 2p orbitals and/or H 1s orbitals. The frontier unoccupied orbitals become more Cu 4s/4p Rydberg-like, reducing overlap with occupied orbitals. These effects cause the disappearance of the 22 700 cm-1 peak. For [Cu3O3]2+, the exact structures of the species formed after methane activation are unknown. Thus, we considered eight possible structures. Several of these provide a significant decrease in intensity near 23 000-38 000 cm-1, as seen experimentally. Notably, these species involve either rebound of the separated methyl to a μ-oxo atom or its remote stabilization at a Brønsted acid site in exchange for the acidic proton. These spectral changes are caused by the same mechanism seen in [Cu2O]2+ and are likely responsible for the observed reduced intensities near 23 000-38 000 cm-1. Thus, TDA-DFT calculations with ωB2PLYP provide a molecular-level understanding of the evolution of copper-oxo active sites during methane-to-methanol conversion.

Mass-wasting processes input in proximal metalliferous sediments: A case study of the Pobeda hydrothermal fields

Metalliferous sediments associated with oceanic hydrothermal systems contain various amounts of metals of a dual origin: from suspended particulate matter of an overlying plume and from weathered massive sulfide edifices. This study investigates the influence of the latter component on metal enrichment in sediments proximal to sulfide bodies for the Pobeda hydrothermal fields of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). This region consists of three separate venting fields Pobeda-1, 2, and 3 located at different depth levels in the MAR rift valley. Hydrothermal precipitates within the site occur as massive sulfide edificies and metalliferous sediments. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical analysis of all these components revealed that a significant amount of hydrothermally-derived material in the sediments derives from overlying plume particulate superimposed by mass wasted oxidized sulfides from the nearest edifices. This last component is mostly abundant in the sediments of the deepest Pobeda-2 field, which complicates using bulk geochemistry to decipher the history of hydrothermal activity there. For the two remaining fields, Pobeda-1 and Pobeda-3, a reconstruction of vent discharge history indicates that it began almost simultaneously at the time interval recorded in core sediments. However it waned steadily at the Pobeda-3 field, whereas at Pobeda-1 field it exhibited a significant decrease in intensity and then a reverse movement upward until recently.

The Efficacy of Prolotherapy in Temporomandibular Dysfunction: A Prospective Study

Prolotherapy (proliferation injection therapy) also known as regenerative injection therapy was introduced by Hackett to treat chronic musculoskeletal pain. Prolotherapy reinitiates the inflammatory process and thereby augments the natural healing process of the body. It is especially useful in refractory cases where conservative management has failed. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders. A prospective clinical study was conducted on patients visiting the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, with a diagnosis of temporomandibular dysfunction. Twenty-one patients (32 joints) with chief complaints of TMJ pain, limited mouth opening, and clicking sounds in the TMJ were evaluated and treated on an outpatient basis. All TMJs were examined clinically and radiographically. Based on patient’s history and clinical and radiographical examination, a diagnosis of TMJ disorder was made. All patients were given 4 sessions of 12.5 % dextrose prolotherapy in TMJ and associated structures at interval of 2 weeks. After prolotherapy there was increase in mouth opening and statistically significant decrease in intensity of pain which was found at the end of 3 months, however there was no significant difference in clicking of TM joint. In our study, we have concluded that 12.5 % dextrose prolotherapy has a faster effect on pain relief and mouth opening but not on clicking. Our results are encouraging and have been promising, showing a significant improvement in TMJ symptoms after 4 sessions of dextrose prolotherapy.

Laser induced broadband Vis and NIR emission from Yb:YAG nanopowders

The laser induced broadband emission (LIBE) of (YbxY1−x)3Al5O12 nanocrystals was investigated in vacuum using the focused infrared laser beam. The samples were prepared via Pechini's technique. The different shapes of LIBE spectra were observed. The LIBE characteristics including an order of the process, rise and decay times, were independent on the type of emission spectra and concentration of Yb3+ ions. Intensity of the emission spectra decreased/increased with time after switching off/on the laser excitation, while the shape of the emission spectra remained approximately the same. This is consistent with the colour of the emission, which remains white even after significant decrease in intensity. For the first time, the generation of broadband emission begins after reaching a certain “time threshold” in range 0–10 s, and disappearing afterwards. Beforehand, several possible LIBE mechanisms have been proposed for different materials, however they don’t cover all aspects of this phenomenon. In the present article, the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) model is considered as general for RE doped phosphors. The features of LIBE have been described within this model.

Secondary Metal Coordination Using a Tetranuclear Complex as Ligand Leading to Hexanuclear Complexes with Enhanced Thermal Barriers for Electron Transfer

Postsynthesis of the paramagnetic square-shaped complex {[(Tp*Me)Fe(μ-CN)2(CN)][Co(dmbpy)2]}2(BPh4)2·6MeCN·H2O [1, Tp*Me = tris(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazole)-borate; dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridin...

Influence of various factors on parameters of adsorption of Zn2+cations by meadow soil

The effect of changing the range of introduced metal concentrations, the ratio of solid and liquid phases, and the combined presence of other metal ions in the solution on the absorption of Zn by the meadow soil was studied. As the range of applied concentrations expands and increases (up to 100 mM/L), there is a significant decrease in intensity of metal adsorption and an increase in the soil sorption capacity. It was found that with increasing dilution of the external solution (soil / solution ratio 1:10), the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption with respect to Zn increase. During the joint absorption of Zn with cations of other metals, the dominant process that affects the shape of the isotherm and the parameters of metal adsorption is their mutual competition. Competitive relationships of metal ions lead to their redistribution between different soil reaction centers.

Histological and immunohistochemical study on the effect of Aflatoxin B1 on the ileum of adult male albino rat and possible protective effect of sodium selenite

Background: Aflatoxin B1 is one of dangerous mycotoxins which is produced by Aspergillus fungi. Small intestine especiallyileum is important site for absorption and immunity.Aim: To study histological, ultrastructure and immunohistochemical changes by Aflatoxin B1 on ileum of adult male albinorat and the possible protective effect of sodium selenite.Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were used, they were divided into four groups, control group (GI),sodium selenite group (GII), Aflatoxin B1 group (GIII), Aflatoxin B1 and sodium selenite group (GIV). Sections were stainedby H&E, Mallory, Alcain blue and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Ultrathin sections were prepared for electronmicroscopic study. Morphometric study for different measurement in ileum were done.Results: Aflatoxin group show marked destruction, disorganization of most villi and crypts, necrosis and vacuolation of coveringand lining cells. Hemorrhage, hyalinization and necrosis in submucosa and muscle layers with heavy lymphocytic infiltrationare seen. Alcain blue stain show significant decrease in intensity. Goblet cells and PCNA + ve cells reveal significant decreasein their numbers. All sections show marked improvement with selenite treatment, ultrastructure changes are in harmony tolight microscope findings.Conclusion: Aflatoxin B1 has destructive histopathological changes on all layers of ileum and sodium selenite has protectiveeffect against this damage.

COMPUTER-ASSISTED SURGERY IN MANAGEMENT OF MANDIBULAR FRACTURE USING A CUSTOM-MADE TITANIUM MESH TRAY

Introduction: The mandible is the second most common facial fracture due to its prominence and position. Continuous clinical and biomechanical studies implemented in order to improve the techniques and materials used, leading to reduction in the immobilization period and augmentation of rigid fixation. Computer assisted surgery technology, greatly plays an important role in designing the surgery, facilitating adaptation and fixation. Objectives: To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of fixation of mandibular fractures using custom-made titanium mesh adapted on 3D model by virtual planning. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients with recent mandibular fracture were treated using custom-made titanium mesh on 3D model. Clinical follow up was conducted after 24-hours, one, four, six, twelve weeks and six months. In addition, a radiographic investigation was performed immediately postoperatively and after six months to estimate the mean bone density across the fracture line. Results:All cases showed normal lower lip sensation both preoperatively and postoperatively with no statistical significance, improved occlusal and intercuspal relation in addition to stabilized intrafragmentary mobility. A statistically significant decrease in intensity of pain was detected based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Two cases showed disturbed wound healing. The mean bone density after twelve weeks showed a statistically significant increase in its values when compared to the immediately postoperative values (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of custom-made titanium mesh adapted on a 3D model resulted in a satisfactory outcome, in terms of achieving adequate reduction and fixation.

Chromosome aberration in typical biological systems under exposure to low- and high-intensity magnetic fields

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the response of chromosomes in typical human and plant cells under applied low-frequency magnetic fields at low and high intensities. Neuronal-like cells and roots of Allium sativum and Vicia faba were used to investigate chromosome's response to a static and 50 Hz magnetic fields at intensities ranging from 1 mT to 0.8 T, generated by two Helmholtz coils driven by direct current or alternate current voltage. Vertex spectrometer and Olympus microscope with camera were used. A significant decrease in intensity of the phosphate bands in the DNA infrared region was observed by FTIR spectroscopy analysis after exposure of neuronal-like cells to static and 50 Hz magnetic field at low intensity of 1 mT, which can be explained assuming that uncoiling and unpackaging of chromatin constituents occurred after exposure. This effect was directly observed by microscope in roots of Allium sativum and Vicia faba under exposure to a static magnetic field at high intensity of 0.8 T. These findings can be explained assuming that exposure to both low- and high-intensity magnetic fields of chromosomes in typical human and plant cells induces uncoiling and unpackaging of chromatin constituents, followed by chromosome alignment towards the direction of applied magnetic field, providing further demonstration that magnetic fields can induce the orientation of organic macromolecules even at low-intensity values.