Significant Changes In Conditions Research Articles

PREDIKSI DAMPAK PERUBAHAN TATAGUNA LAHAN TERHADAP DEBIT LIMPASAN, STUDI KASUS: GEREJA RANCASARI

Flooding is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Indonesia. Based on data, as of 2024, there have been 137 cases of flooding incidents. One of the causes of flooding, particularly in urban areas, is due to land use change. This study examines the impact of land use changes on runoff discharge in a Church area in the Bandung City. Additionally, this study investigates the effect of the development of this area on flood water levels in the Riung channel, which serves as an outlet channel. In this study, modeling is conducted using the SWMM model. The study utilizes data from the BMKG Bandung and GPM satellite rainfall data from 2001 to 2022 for rainfall analysis. The results indicate that in the study area, the duration of extreme rainfall producing maximum discharge is rainfall lasting for 7 hours. As a result of the church development, runoff discharge increases by 26.3 – 34.4% across various return periods. For time to peak, there is no significant change in conditions before and after the area is developed. This is due to area is relatively small, resulting in a relatively shorter concentration time. Based on the hydraulic analysis, the Riung channel is still able to accommodate additional runoff generated due to development, leaving a freeboard height of 4.5 cm for a 10-year return period. However, based on observations, special attention is needed regarding the issue of sedimentation and trash, which often causes backflow in several segments of the trenches.Keywords:runoff, land use change, urban drainage, SWMM, Bandung

Kajian Hukum Tentang Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pembatalan Perjanjian

This legal study delves into the aspects influencing the annulment of agreements, offering a profound understanding of the legal factors involved in the annulment process. The analysis aims to provide a comprehensive view of the factors that can trigger the annulment of agreements, such as contract violations, non-compliance with agreement terms, or significant changes in conditions. Within the legal framework, this research identifies and evaluates the legal implications of each factor affecting the validity of agreements. Additionally, the study highlights the role of legal jurisdiction and regulations applicable to the annulment process. The research methodology includes the analysis of legal documents, relevant legal cases, and an in-depth literature review. The findings of this research are expected to offer a clear and detailed perspective to legal practitioners, academics, and parties involved in agreements, enabling them to understand and manage risks associated with agreement annulment. The practical implications of this study involve a profound understanding of the legal aspects that need to be considered in agreements, with the goal of enhancing security and sustainability in their execution.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendeteksi Ketinggian Tanah, Tekanan Udara Dan Suhu Serta Monitoring Kesehatan Pada Pendaki Dalam Pendakian Gunung Dengan Notifikasi Telegram Berbasis Arduino Mega 2560

Mountain climbing requires high vigilance and preparedness related to various conditions that may be faced. In order to improve the safety and comfort of climbers, this research designs and builds a system for detecting ground level, air pressure and temperature as well as monitoring the health of climbers with Telegram notifications based on Arduino Mega 2560. This system uses Arduino Mega 2560 technology, a board-based micro-controller that can be programmed for various applications. The system is able to detect and monitor ground level, air pressure, temperature and climbers' health conditions in real-time. In addition, the system is also integrated with Telegram, a popular communication platform. The Telegram notification facility is used to send information and alerts from the system to climbers or support teams. Thus, preventive measures or emergency treatment can be taken immediately if there is a significant change in conditions. With the design of this system, it is expected that the safety and comfort of mountain climbers can be better guaranteed, and the risk of accidents and unwanted health conditions can be minimized. This research contributes to the development of supporting technology for safer and more comfortable mountaineering activities

Contextualizing Lecturer Performance Indicators to Online Teaching and Learning Activities: Insights for Application during the COVID-19 Pandemic And Beyond

The purpose of this research study is to explore insights to create more contextual lecturer performance indicators (LPIs); and to gain a fairer and more useful evaluation tool for lecturers in the online environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This significant change in conditions has forced higher education to understand the new requirements, especially of lecturers, who have played a central role in creating engaging moments for students in online classes. This study adopts a qualitative approach, based on the need for a more in-depth exploration of new phenomena. It explores students’ daily lives in class, which were expressed through social media, and gains further understanding through in-depth interviews with students and lecturers. The results indicate that most of the items taken from the Social-Task-Technology-Fit (STTF) framework remain the same; there are not many changes compared to the era before the pandemic. However, some aspects have new meanings that need to be revisited to capture the lecturers' performance in the new context. Three new themes emerged from the exploration study which have never been discussed in previous studies on LPIs for online teaching, especially in abnormal conditions such as a pandemic. The first theme concerns the variations in digital literacy of lecturers and the implications for lecturers' performance. The second theme is the dynamic ratio of social versus task activities, which implies the need to focus on academic (task-oriented) or non-academic (social) tasks. The third theme is the degree of controllability of each performance. This study provides awareness of the importance of weighting in evaluating lecturer performance, especially when not all lecturers are digitally literate, not all factors are controllable, and the ratios between social versus task requirements are not the same. These weighted evaluations have never been discussed in previous studies, which mainly used quantitative surveys. In addition, these insights can also be applied to online learning beyond the pandemic. The study results can be used by higher education information management to design more contextual LPIs for the early detection of issues with lecturer performance.

Time Synthesis in Organization of Sensorimotor Action

Time synthesis of sensorimotor action is reviewed as a process of a coherence setting action duration (expected duration), time sequence of required operations and significant changes in conditions. Aim: to experimentally set up the connection of time synthesis success and efficiency of realization sensorimotor action in changeable conditions. Hypothesis: successful time synthesis of the setting duration and the temporal sequence of operations in the mental organization of sensorimotor action in changing conditions is realized in accordance with the corresponding operational meaning and is allowed by anticipatory effects and an increase in the effectiveness of the action, materials and methods. An experimental study involved 152 male and female students. Participants of the investigation solved experimental tasks, implemented in a computer version, according to schemes of a simple visual-motor reaction and a choice reaction (separately and in combination), according to a scheme of sensorimotor action with a warning signal when the apperceptive scheme, setting duration and sequence of required operations were changed promptly. Results were reviewed in the aspect of disclosing the features of the subject's elimination of the uncertainty of the moment of achieving the goal in the future and the construction of a sequence of operations of sensorimotor actions in a connection with changes in external conditions, typical for the time deficit regime. The conditionality of the time synthesis of sensorimotor action by the actual operational meaning was established revealing that the successful temporal synthesis of sensorimotor action in changing conditions is associated with the fastest acceptance of an adequate apperceptive scheme, with effective anticipation of the moment of achieving the goal and the formation of a detailed setting duration of action, with the formation of a temporal sequence of required operations. Conclusions. The levels of success of the time synthesis of sensorimotor action in changing conditions are highlighted: “quite successful; moderately successful; unsuccessful.”

Peculiarities of distance learning in higher education: The teacher’s functions as a chat communication organizer

The purpose of this article is to define the functions of the teacher as the organizer of chat communication, which has become one of the foundations of Internet communication. The leading method for the study of this problem is the method of situational modeling, which allows considering chat-communication as a process of new social interaction, requiring the leading role of the teacher-organizer, ensuring the maximum involvement of all participants-communicators in this process in order to assimilate new knowledge by the perceiver (learners). This article presents new methodological methods of teacher's work within the framework of chat-communication, defines the important functions of a teacher, who communicates knowledge in the changed socio-cultural environment. The presented methodological material is designed to help teachers of higher education to use chat-communication as a new channel of knowledge transfer from a teacher to a student to adapt to the new communicative realities, to give awareness of the continuity of the educational process, even in a situation of significant changes in conditions of its implementation.
 
 Keywords: distance learning, higher education, internet communication, chatting, teacher functions

Hygienic Assessment Of Emission Influence From A Chemical Plant On Population’s Household Conditions, Well-Being And Health

The impact of economic activity, as well as scientific and technological progress on the environment is characterized by production of large amount of pollutants, waste and other factors that lead to changes in natural landscapes, pollution of the atmosphere and natural water resources. Continuous increase and expansion in industrial production of chemicals inevitably entail rise of their environmental load. Exceeding thresholds ecosystems’ reliability under the influence of extreme anthropogenic factors can cause significant changes in conditions of existence and functioning of biogeocenoses.

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in woody plants and herbs near the large copper smelting plant

Variations of stable carbon (13С and 12С) and nitrogen (15N and 14N) isotopic composition are analyzed in forest plants subjected to the emissions of large copper smelting plant. The studies were carried out in pine forests at ten test plots near the Karabash copper smelting plant and in the Ilmen State Reserve at South Urals. The 13С/12С and 15N/14N isotopic ratios were analyzed in leaves of plants of different functional groups (with ecto-, ericoid, or arbuscular mycorrhiza; with nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, and non-mycorrhizal). The 13С/12С ratio did not change under technogenic pollution. The low isotopic 15N/14N ratio was established in ectomycorrhizal trees, while the high ratio was found in herbs with arbuscular mycorrhiza, nitrogenfixing symbiosis, and non-mycorrhizal groups. As compared to nonpolluted habitats, the 15N content in leaves near the copper smelting plant increases by 2.7‰ in the ectomycorrhizal trees and by 3.4‰ in undershrubs with ericoid mycorrhiza, and by 2.2‰ in herbs with arbuscular mycorrhiza. This indicates a significant change in conditions of mineral feeding of plants under heavy metal pollution of natural ecosystems.

Changes in Calbindin-Containing Neurons in the Dorsal Horn of the Mouse Spinal Cord after Space Flight on Biosatellite Bion-M1

Calbindin (CAL)-containing interneurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (SC) in the superior thoracic segments in male C57/BL6 mice kept in conditions of space flight for 30 days (n = 3) on the biosatellite Bion-M1 (flight group) were studied using immunohistochemical methods and western blotting. The control group consisted of mice (n = 3) kept in animal-house conditions at the same time. The number of CABcontaining interneurons in plates I and II increased in mice of the flight group. Western blotting data indicated that CAB expression in the spinal cord increased after flight. This finding, like the predominantly nuclear localization of CAB in neurons of plates I–V, the lack of CAB immunoreactivity in interneurons in areas of the medial edge of the dorsal horn, decreases in the mean cross-sectional area of CAB-immunoreactive interneurons in plate II, increases in the mean cross-sectional area of CAB-immunoreactive interneurons in plates III, IV, and V seen in mice of the flight group, provides evidence of imbalance in the calcium buffer system of SC nerve cells. The calcium system of neuronal functional modules of the SC, especially motor modules, evidently undergoes significant changes in conditions of space flight.

The Influence of Temporal Changes in Biomass of Brown Mussel Perna Perna on Abundance of Ambient Macrofauna on the Central Coast of Namibia

Like terrestrial systems, marine ecosystems are constantly impacted upon by conditions arising from anthropogenically modified abiotic environments, climate change, as well as biotic agents. Marine mussels are widely regarded as ecosystem engineers. The Brown mussel species Perna perna is one such species. Mussels offer a wide range of advantages to intertidal communities through their structure and biomass, as they help increase the spatial heterogeneity in benthic processes, by serving as habitat or substrate for associated organisms and also as food for predators. However, the invasive species such as Mytillus galloprovincialis threaten the very existence of the indigenous brown mussel P. perna, due to the lower fecundity, recruitment and growth rate of latter. It is against this background that this study focused on the ecological implication of temporal changes in biomass of the P. perna on ambient macrofauna at Long Beach, on the Namibian central coast. The objectives of the study were: (a) To assess the temporal changes in biomass of P. perna; and (b) To investigate the influence of changes in biomass of P. perna on the abundance of its ambient macrofauna. Data analysis was performed in Microsoft excel as well as other statistical software such as Past and MaxStat. A t-Test for equal means was used to test all data at 0.05 significance level, except for data on the influence of change in biomass of P. perna on the abundance of ambient macrofauna, where a Multiple linear regression analysis used at 0.05 significance level. The statistical test results on biomass of P. perna yielded (t =2.3567; df = 2; P = 0.056542). There was no significant change in biomass of P. perna between autumn and winter. Similarly, statistical test results on condition index of P. perna yielded (t = 0.23896; df = 2; P = 0.81909). There was no significant change in condition of P. perna between autumn and winter. The change in biomass of P. perna did have a significant influence on the abundance of ambient macrofauna, as the statistical test yielded (t = 5.007; 2.845; 2.347 and P = 0.0002; 0.0138; 0.0354). The impact was negative, in that the abundance of ambient macrofauna decrease as a result of increase in biomass of P. perna.

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth and condition along a winter thermal gradient in temperate streams

Winter harshness and the degree to which it can impact stream-dwelling salmonid populations has received considerable attention from fisheries biologists, although some debate exists regarding the importance of winter severity for local populations. Groundwater input may buffer stream water temperature and benefit fish in buffered versus unbuffered streams. Overwinter growth and condition of individual brown trout were measured in 24 groundwater-dominated streams, and the relations between winter growth and condition to stream thermal regime (quantified by regressions of air and water temperature) and diet quality (amount and caloric density of prey) were examined in a subset of 16 streams. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth rate (mg·g−1·day−1) was positive overwinter in 18 of 24 streams, and there was no significant change in condition between early and late winter. Juvenile fish grew faster than adults, but there was no significant difference in condition between adults and juveniles. Thermal regime positively influenced winter growth for both adults and juveniles, likely mediated through moderation of water temperature by groundwater, whereas diet had no significant effect on growth.

CMMI Demonstration to Reduce NH Hospitalizations Moves to Phase 2

CMMI Demonstration to Reduce NH Hospitalizations Moves to Phase 2

Impact of chloride on denitrification potential in roadside wetlands

Developed landscapes are exposed to changes in hydrology and water chemistry that limit their ability to mitigate detrimental impacts to coastal water bodies, particularly those that result from stormwater runoff. The elevated level of impervious cover increases not only runoff but also contaminant loading of nutrients, metals, and road salt used for deicing to water bodies. Here we investigate the impact that road salt has on denitrification in roadside environments. Sediments were collected from a series of forested and roadside wetlands and acclimated with a range of Cl− concentrations from 0 to 5000 mg L−1 for 96 h. Denitrification rates were measured by the isotope pairing technique using 15N–NO3−, while denitrifying community structures were compared using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of nitrous oxide reductase genes (nosZ). Chloride significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited denitrification in forested wetlands at a Cl− dosage of 2500 or 5000 mg L−1, but the decrease in denitrification rates was less and not significant for the roadside wetlands historically exposed to elevated concentrations of Cl−. The difference could not be attributed to other significant changes in conditions, such as DOC concentrations, N species concentrations, or pH levels. Denitrifying communities, as measured by T-RFs of the nosZ gene, in the roadside wetlands with elevated concentration of Cl− were distinctly different and more diverse compared to forested wetlands, and also different in roadside wetlands after 96 h exposures to Cl−. The shifts in denitrifying communities seem to minimize the decrease in denitrification rates in the wetlands previously exposed to Cl. As development results in more Cl− use and exposure to a broad range of natural or manmade wetland structures, an understanding of the seasonal effect of Cl on denitrification processes in these systems would aid in design or mitigation of the effects on N removal rates.

Documentation Defines Clinical Conditions for Pressure Ulcers

Documentation Defines Clinical Conditions for Pressure Ulcers

Body balance in elderly patients, 12 months after treatment for BPPV

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is highly prevalent in the elderly population, triggering major changes in body balance. ObjectiveTo compare the results obtained from static posturography in the elderly before and after otoliths repositioning maneuvers and 12 months after treatment onset. Design: longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study. MethodElderly patients with clinical diagnosis of BPPV submitted to Balance Rehabilitation Unit static posturography in 10 sensory conditions at three time intervals: before and after the repositioning maneuver and12 months after the treatment. ResultsWe studied 23 subjects with a mean age of 68.74 years. Posturography revealed that the stability limit was not significantly different when the three time intervals were compared (p = 0.405). The center of pressure (CoP) showed a significant change in condition 2 (stable surface and closed eyes), because after the repositioning maneuver, the CoP significantly differed vis-à-vis the results before and 12 months after the treatment (p = 0.003). The values of body velocity sway (BVS) were significantly different in six sensory conditions in these three time intervals. Conclusion12 months after the treatment for BPPV, the static posturography showed balance abnormalities similar to those found before treatment.

Testing the noble gas paleothermometer with a yearlong study of groundwater noble gases in an instrumented monitoring well

We report the results of a yearlong noble gas study conducted in 2008–2009 together with continuous physical and chemical measurements collected in a monitoring well in an aquifer in southern Michigan. Conditions near the water table are correlated with noble gas concentrations, corresponding noble gas temperatures (NGTs), and precipitation events. This yearlong study is the first noble gas field test that has employed natural recharge and in situ monitored conditions, with minimal disturbance of the unsaturated zone. This detailed study demonstrates that significant changes in conditions near the water table can occur over a year that can greatly affect NGTs. Results show that precipitation events are detected within hours at the water table, but a lag in pressure response argues for a long time constant for gas transport within the unsaturated zone. There is strong evidence for the depletion of oxygen near the water table, which affects the noble gas air‐saturated water component. During reducing conditions there is evidence for significant noble gas degassing. Rain from the passage of Hurricane Ike caused a significant shift in stable isotope ratios and injection of a large quantity of excess air and likely led to a much more oxygen‐rich environment in the soil gas. Although individual models can account for NGTs over portions of the record, no single NGT model can account for all features observed over the entire study. It is likely that the NGT temperature proxy must be viewed as an average of recharge conditions over several years.

Quartz zoning and the pre-eruptive evolution of the ~340-ka Whakamaru magma systems, New Zealand

Cathodoluminescence (CL) zoning in quartz crystals from rhyolitic pumices in two ignimbrite members of the ~340-ka Whakamaru super-eruption deposits, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, is investigated in conjunction with the analysis of Ti concentration in quartz to reconstruct the history of changing magma chamber conditions and to elucidate the eruption-triggering processes. CL intensity images are taken as a proxy for Ti concentration and thus temperature and/or pressure and/or compositional variations during crystal growth history. Estimates of the maximum temperature changes (i.e., assuming other factors influencing Ti uptake remain constant) are made using the TitaniQ geothermometer based on the Ti concentration in quartz. These results are reviewed in comparison with Fe–Ti oxide, feldspar-melt and amphibole geothermometry. Core-to-rim quartz Ti profiles record a marked change in conditions (temperature increase and/or pressure decrease and/or change in melt composition) causing and then following a significant resorption horizon in the outer parts of the crystals. Two alternative models that could explain the quartz Ti zonation invoke a temperature increase caused by mafic recharge and/or a pressure decrease due to magma ponding and re-equilibration at shallow crustal levels. Concomitant changes in melt composition and Ti activity may, however, also have strongly influenced Ti uptake into the quartz. Some crystals also show other marked increases in CL brightness internally, but any accompanying magmatic changes did not result in eruption. Diffusion modelling indicates that this significant change in conditions occurred over ~10–85 years prior to caldera-forming eruption. This rapid thermal pulse or pressure change is interpreted as evidence for open-system processes, and appears to record a magma chamber recharge event that rejuvenated the Whakamaru magma system (melt-dominant magma plus crystal mush), and potentially acted as a trigger for processes that led to eruption.

An Overview Of The Home Health Prospective Payment System Rate Update For CY 2009

&lt;p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 40.5pt; mso-pagination: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;Beginning October 1, 2000, as required by the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 and related amendments, Medicare began to reimburse home health agencies for home health services under the new Home Health Prospective Payment System (HHPPS). Under HHPPS, all home health costs for services including medical supplies are paid using a basic unit of payment known as the 60-Day Episode. The amount of the payment is calculated using a national standardized rate, adjusted for case mix and a wage index based on the site of service. For 60-Day Episodes beginning and ending in 2008, the Medicare HHPPS national standardized rate was updated by a new 153 case mix grouping and a new wage index value determined by the site of service for the patient.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The August 29,2008 ( 72 FR 49792) and November 30, 2008( 72 FR 67656) Federal Registers discuss the &amp;ldquo;Home Health Prospective Payment System Refinement and Rate Update For Calendar Year 2008&amp;rdquo; changes which include a rebasing and revising of the home health market basket resulting in new labor portion percentage of 77.082 and non-labor portion percentage of 22.918, the new LUPA (Low Utilization Payment Adjustments) per visit payment amounts, the inclusion of an&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;additional payment for NRS ( Non-Routine Supplies), elimination of the SCIC(Significant Change In Condition) payment, and adjustments to PEP ( Partial Episode Payment) and Outlier payments. This paper discusses an overview of the updated 2008 Medicare HHPPS national standardized rate for CY 2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Reproducibility of multiple breath washout indices in the unsedated preterm neonate

Multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) is gaining popularity for measurements of resting lung volume and ventilation inhomogeneity. Test reproducibility is an important determinant of the clinical applicability of diagnostic tests. The between-test reproducibility of variables derived from MBW tests in newborn infants is unknown. We aimed to determine the within-test repeatability and short-term between-test reproducibility of MBW variables in unsedated preterm infants. We hypothesized that measurements obtained within a 3-day interval in clinically stable preterm infants would be reproducible and suitable for use as an objective clinical outcome measurement. In this cross-sectional observational study, clinically stable hospitalized preterm infants whose parents had given informed consent for MBW studies were tested twice within 72 hr during quiet, unsedated sleep. Functional residual capacity (FRC), lung clearance index (LCI), and the first and second to zeroeth moment ratios (M(1):M(0); M(2):M(0)) were computed from MBW traces obtained using a mainstream ultrasonic flowmeter and 4% sulphur hexafluoride (MBW(SF6)). Within-test repeatability and between-test reproducibility were determined. Within-test repeatability (expressed as a coefficient of variability (C(v))) for differences between two and four replicate measurements on the same test occasion, were 9.3% (FRC), 9.0% (LCI), 7.6% (M(1):M(0)), and 15.6% (M(2):M(0)), respectively. The within-test C(v)'s were not statistically different to the between-tests C(v)'s, which were 7.7% (FRC), 10.3% (LCI), 6.1% (M(1):M(0)), and 13.0% (M(2):M(0)), respectively. Among unsedated preterm infants, between-test reproducibility over a 3-day interval was similar to within-test repeatability. The wide limits of agreement may limit the application of these measures to detect a clinically significant change in condition in small preterm infants.

Assessment of condition in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) populations: which index works best?

The pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis is the most important target species in temperate freshwater fisheries of Argentina, and assessment of condition has been a regular practice and common diagnostic tool. Most pejerrey fishery studies have used Fulton's (K) index, without testing whether underlying assumptions or requirements were met. We analyzed and contrasted the applicability of K, Kn and Wr indices to assess condition status in several pejerrey populations inhabiting Pampean lakes. Our results showed that whereas Wr and Kn displayed significant condition changes across length at some study lakes, Kn portrayed a small range of variation. We also noted that pejerrey maximum length and size structure strongly varied among populations probably due to the characteristics of trophic niche changes through lifespan, depending on lake limnological characteristics and zooplankton availability. We conclude that the K index should be disregarded in those cases where populations show allometric growth and size ranges strongly vary. In turn, the Kn index appears to be only appropriate for regular within population assessment, being difficult to apply when comparisons between populations are needed and when they exhibit different weight-length relationship slopes. Finally, the Wr index should be strongly preferred if the objective is to perform comparisons between pejerrey populations, particularly when population structure is not well known, stocking has been used for population recovery, lakes are strongly supported by limnological changes, data are limited to only one or few samplings and metaphoetesis is suspected in pejerrey populations.