Significance Of Various Aspects Research Articles

Incentive Auction Design Alternatives: A Simulation Study

This paper revisits the descending clock “reverse” auction design used in the U.S. Federal Communications Commission’s 2016–2017 “incentive auction.” We use extensive computational simulations to investigate the quantitative significance of various aspects of the design, leveraging a reverse auction simulator and realistic models of bidder values. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [Grant FA8750-19-2-0222 CFDA\# 12.910], the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research [Canada AI Research Chair at the Alberta Machine In], the National Science Foundation [Grant 1525730], and the Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Discovery Grant, Discovery Grant Supplement]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.02489 .

Challenges of teaching English as an additional language in high schools in Cambodia

As English is a lingua franca in Southeast Asia, the teaching of this international language has been identified as an important educational activity in Cambodia. This study examined the challenges of teaching English as an additional language in four public high schools in Cambodia. It investigated the significance of various aspects of the school environment and the attributes of teachers toward English language teaching. A mixed methods design was employed, and data were collected through a survey and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that a dated curriculum, classroom overcrowding, immovable furniture, limited resources, and a lack of professional development contributed to the challenges in teaching English in Cambodian schools. The study concludes with recommendations for the Royal Government of Cambodia and relevant stakeholders to provide schools with sufficient funds, facilities, and teaching resources; offer professional development opportunities to teachers and staff; and update English course books.

Job Satisfaction Factors among College Teachers : An Empirical Investigation

Human resources are one of the most vital resources of a country, as it exploits the natural environments for the entire population. The importance and significance of various aspects of development scientific and technological, economic, and social, to name a few can be evaluated on a criterion of their utility and service for the welfare of human being. All the aspects of development in the ultimate analysis are or should be aids to human development. The development is not just about factories dams and roads. Development is basically about people. The goal is people’s material, cultural and spiritual fulfilment. Job satisfaction is solitary of the largely extensively discussed issue in organizational performance and human resource management. In the present study, an effort has been made to identify the major factors affecting the job satisfaction among the collegeteachers. The researchers identified 25 job satisfaction items through extensive literature review. The perceptions of the respondents were collected through structured questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis was done to explore the factors. The Cronbach’s alpha (0.870) confirms the internal consistency of the instrument. The KMO Measure of Sampling Adequacy is 0.798, indicating the present data is suitable for factor analysis. Similarly, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity is significant (p<0.001) indicating significant correlation exists between the variables to proceed with the factor analysis. Thestudy explored 7 factors having eigen value of more than 1 and explaining 77.078% of the total variance. Further, independent sample t-test is applied to find whether there exists any difference in overall satisfaction with respect to various demographic variables of the respondents. It was found that significant difference exists only with Sector and Education of the respondents. Moreover, age, gender and income bear no impact on job satisfaction.

Physiology to Disease Transmission of Respiratory Tract Infection: A Narrative Review.

In the current scenario of the COVID 19 pandemic, the protective reflexes, namely sneeze and cough, have received great importance. However, it is not in terms of protection but in terms of the spread of infection. The present review tries to bring out the correlation between the physiology of sneeze and cough, taking into consideration the various receptors that initiate the two reflexes, then correlating it with the formation of expelled droplets and the significance of various aspects of droplets that lead to the spread of infection. For the compilation of the present review, we searched the terms "Physiology of cough", "Physiology of sneeze", "droplets", "aerosols" and "Aerosols in COVID 19". The above-mentioned terms were extensively searched on PubMed, Google Scholar, and google search engine. After reviewing the various available material, the most significant research has been considered for this review. Through this review, we conclude that there are various factors responsible for the initiation of sneeze and cough, but in the case of infection, it is mainly the inflammatory reaction that directly stimulates the receptors to produce the reflex outburst air. As the flow of air during expiration is turbulent, it causes damage to the Epithelial Lining Fluid present in the respiratory conduit. In addition, it gets admixed with the saliva in the oropharynx and oral cavity and mucus in the nose to form droplets of various sizes. Large droplets settle close and are responsible for droplet and fomite transmission, but the smaller droplets remain suspended in the air and travel farther distances to cause airborne transmission. The spread of droplet cloud in sneezing may range to 6m or more as compared to cough; hence the concept of 1m to 2m of social distancing does not hold reliable if the patient is sneezing.

교사학습공동체의 협력적 상호작용 비교·분석: 초등 수학 수업을 중심으로

Recently, it is noted that the teacher’s learning community and lesson studies are being emphasized as part of the growing literature regarding education policy. However, there is a burden of building an attitude of cooperation among the teachers regarding the lessons, and there is mounting concern over the possibility of professional development without education experts. This study compares and analyzes the significance of various aspects of cooperative interactions among teachers in two elementary schools in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The examples of the two schools identified in this study are similar in that they study the lessons available and accessible in the teacher’s learning community. However, there are subtle differences internally to the means and results of these lessons. In the study, the participants of Community A focused on the development and sharing of learning tasks in the learning process. The collaboration, which is characterized by critical companionship, was implemented with the Community A participants in the study. Conversely, the participants in Community B focused on associated teaching practices, and cooperation was implemented in the process of trial and error. A review of these cases raised the possibility of professional development through the teacher’s learning community in the general school. Moreover, the results provided implications for the lesson study through the entire associated teacher’s learning community.

From commodity to brand: antecedents and outcomes of consumers' label perception

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the significance of various aspects of consumers' perception of a collective label as predictors for consumers' intention to buy the labelled item and willingness to pay for the label.Design/methodology/approachThe online survey was organised based on random sampling from a panel consisting of 46,000 people who had previously agreed to serve as online consumer panellists for a large market research firm. A total of 2,844 invitations were sent out and 684 panellists answered the invitation. The final sample consisted of 522 subjects.FindingsThe authors have developed and tested a model looking at the significance of various aspects of consumers' perception of a collective label as predictors for consumers' purchase intentions and willingness to pay for the labelled commodity.Practical implicationsBy defining which factors influence consumers' purchase intentions and willingness to pay for the labelled product the paper suggests what managers should pay attention to when they introduce a new label for a commodity.Originality/valueThe current article contributes to the literature in three ways. First, the paper replicates the results of the previous studies on branding and extends the literature through introducing a new model defining consumers' purchase intentions and willingness to pay. Second, the paper develops and tests a model that can be applied to collective labels. Third, the paper introduces a new label specific variable – importance of the label.

Distribution and eradication of an exotic tephritid fruit fly in Australia: relevance of invasion theory

AbstractData from the eradication of the incursion of Bactrocera papayae Drew and Hancock (Dipt.: Tephritidae) in Australia (1995–1998) are used to assess the significance of various aspects of invasion theory, including the influence of towns on establishment, influence of propagule pressure on the pattern of establishment, and the existence of source‐sink dynamics. Because there were no sentinel traps in place, considerable spread had occurred before the eradication campaign started. The distribution of fly density around the epicentre in the town of Cairns and a transect along the main traffic routes to the north and south fitted a Cauchy model with a tail having the same slope as a power model with an exponent of −2.4 extending to 160 km. The Cauchy model indicated that 50% of the flies on the transect would have occurred within 3.2 km of the epicentre, 90% within 13.2 km, and 99% within 60 km. The two major satellites at Mareeba (35 km from the epicentre in Cairns) and Mossman (65 km) were not used for the transect data and had respectively 15 and 30 times the density predicted by the model. The proportion of traps that caught flies (a measure of site occupancy) fell with distance from the epicentre. B. papayae was trapped consistently on only three of the 16 rainforest transects that were surveyed and these were relatively close to urban areas where eradication efforts were intense. Despite there being no eradication effort in the rainforest, the trends to extinction were similar to those in adjacent areas. The strategy of initially concentrating eradication efforts on the core and major satellites while maintaining a quarantine barrier at the airport and the boundaries of the infested area appears to be the key to the containment and rapid eradication of the incursion.

Gametocytogenesis : the puberty of Plasmodium falciparum

The protozoan Plasmodium falciparum has a complex life cycle in which asexual multiplication in the vertebrate host alternates with an obligate sexual reproduction in the anopheline mosquito. Apart from the apparent recombination advantages conferred by sex, P. falciparum has evolved a remarkable biology and adaptive phenotypes to insure its transmission despite the dangers of sex. This review mainly focuses on the current knowledge on commitment to sexual development, gametocytogenesis and the evolutionary significance of various aspects of gametocyte biology. It goes further than pure biology to look at the strategies used to improve successful transmission. Although gametocytes are inevitable stages for transmission and provide a potential target to fight malaria, they have received less attention than the pathogenic asexual stages. There is a need for research on gametocytes, which are a fascinating stage, responsible to a large extent for the success of P. falciparum.

On the receiving end. VI. Which dimensions of quality-of-life scores carry prognostic information?

Quality of life (QL) of patients with advanced malignancy is an important consideration when assessing the impact of the disease and its treatment (I, 2). QL scores are also powerful independent predictors of survival duration, at least in breast cancer (3-51, melanoma (6) and lung cancer (7). Current methods permit simple, reliable and valid measurement of important aspects of QL (1, 3, 8, 9). The reason for the association between QL scores and prognosis is uncertain. A simple explanation might be that the QL score provides a better measure of the extent of the underlying disease, and thus its prognosis, than other clinically recorded parameters. Even this explanation would, of course, be sufficient to justify the measurement of QL. Alternatively, there is a possibility that better perceived QL actively prolongs survival. If true, this could justify interventions aimed at prolonging survival by improving QL. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that psychosocial intervention can improve aspects of QL (IO), and may improve survival (II). The Spitzer QL Index (QLI) (121 was designed as a concise measure of QL. It measures five separate dimensions of QL: physical performance, activities of daily living, health, support by others and outlook, using a three-point scale for each. The authors have recently analysed the prognostic associations of the components of the QLI obtained at the time of entry to two independent multicentre randomized clinical trials of treatment for metastatic breast cancer and malignant melanoma. Patients in each trial also completed linear analogue self assessment (LASA) scales measuring physical well-being (PWB), mood, pain, nausea and appetite. This paper now presents a comparison of the prognostic significance of various aspects of QL as assessed by patients and physicians.

The theory and quantification of common cause shock events for redundant standby systems

Abstract System unavailability equations are obtained for redundant standby safety systems with alternative testing strategies. The model is based on time-related general multiple failure rates rather than probabilities per demand. Common cause failures (CCF) of all multiplicities are accounted for. The results indicate that while staggering the tests is advantageous to most systems, extra testing rules may be beneficial in addition for certain types of redundancy. The results for common parallel redundancy systems are used to obtain proper quantitative values for the basic events of general fault tree models of large systems. Several parametric CCF models, their hidden assumptions and mutual relationships are critically evaluated. A certain class of component-caused CCFs is introduced. It turns out that most commonly used models are valid only for the subset of external shocks that are independent of the number of components in a system. Estimation methods are presented for multiple failure rates and other model parameters. Coupling equations between model parameters cause correlations between the parameters and lead to constrained estimation. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the methods and to demonstrate the significance of various aspects of the models.

Copulatory Behavior of Southern Grasshopper Mice (Onychomys torridus)

A quantitative description of the copulatory behavior of Onychomys torridus was derived from 48 tests and a total of more than 1000 observed locks. This species is slow to initiate copulation. Once initiated, copulatory activity persists for several hours. A mean of 18.7 locks and 1.2 mounts with deep thrusting occurred during the mean of 2 hours of copulatory activity that preceded a “satiety” criterion of one-half hour with no copulations. The intervals between successive locks lengthened as the tests progressed. Lock durations averaged 12 to 13 seconds, and decreased slightly near the end of satiety tests. Termination of locks appears largely a function of the behavior of the female. Possible functional significance of various aspects of this pattern is considered.

A Review of Some Basic Characteristics of Probability Methods as Related to Power System Problems

This paper presents some basic concepts of the physical significance of various aspects of probability methods as applied to power system generating capacity problems. It also discusses the physical meaning and interrelation of various standards of service reliability, and the determination of the installed capacity benefits of an interconnection by means of the application of probability methods.

Tapered Inlets for Pipe Culverts

The performance of pipe culverts on steep slopes with tapered inlets is, in general, sensitive to the presence of air-carrying vortices over the inlet. Under such conditions, an area of operation is defined. The minimum bound of the performance is shown to approximate inlet control operation of the inlet with atmospheric pressure over a free surface flow immediately downstream of the inlet control section. The performance of pipe culvert inlets is presented in terms of a discharge coefficient that closely approximates commonly used values of the discharge coefficient for orifices of similar edge geometry. The significance of various aspects of the inlet geometry with respect to the operation of the culvert, as well as to the location of the applicable control section, is explored. At small model sizes, the performance of pipe culverts with tapered inlets is shown to be subject to significant scale effects.

The Local Response of Tissue Mast Cells to Antigen in Sensitized Mice

Summary It was observed that locally injected antigen initiates a more wide-spread degranulation of local tissue mast cells in sensitized mice than in controls. The fate of the shed mast celt granules in the tissues is described and the significance of various aspects of mast cell degranulation is discussed.

The kinetic implications of an empirically fitted yield surface for the vapour-phase oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic anhydride

A previous investigation resulted in the fitting of an empirical yield surface for phthalic anhydride formed in the vapour-phase oxidation of naphthalene. The significance of various aspects of this surface are now considered in relation to the reaction kinetics. The shape of the fitted surface is shown to exclude all but fractional order kinetics and to provide strong evidence for a particular kinetic route. Subsidiary experiments confirm an indication that a change in mechanism occurs near to 400°C. The reaction is found to be controlled by surface kinetics below this temperature.

The Significance of Various Aspects in Drawings by Educationally Subnormal Children

During the past few years interpretations of drawings for the assessment of intellectual and emotional aspects of personality have been used frequently. Various scales have been designed on the basis of a correlation between the elaboration and complexity of a drawing on one side, and the intellectual capacity, as measured by orthodox intelligence tests, on the other side. The best known of these scales is Goodenough's “Draw-a-Man” test (13), which has been used extensively.