Significance Of Natural Gas Research Articles

First-Principles Study of Adsorption of Methane on Defective Silicene

Considering the significance of natural gas, such as methane, and the difficulties in storing it, research is increasingly focusing on developing materials for solid-state methane storage. Two-dimensional materials have a large number of possible adsorption sites for gas molecules due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. However, the two-dimensional structure is chemically inactive and attracts nonpolar gases rather weakly. We investigated the methane gas adsorption capabilities of silicene by activating it with different defects. According to our density functional theory calculations, the mono-vacancy (MV) defect is advantageous in increasing the binding strength of energy-carrying gases such as methane. In MV defective silicene, methane adsorption energy is detected in the order of the internationally specified energy regime.

A review on natural gas previous, current and forecasting prices and demand

The significance of natural gas appears as a competitive substitute for crude oil. Therefore, for many years, fuel switching between natural gas and crude oil made natural gas prices closely aligned with crude oil. On the other hand, the price of natural gas for end-users varies greatly across Europe, Asia, and Africa. There was an upward trend in energy commodity prices since 2000, but with the surge in supply coming from unconventional oil and gas resources in North America, the trend in natural gas prices has become downward in recent years due to the many reasons. This paper examines and investigates the global market of natural gas including previous, current, and future prices and demand. Additionally, it shows the effect of political and economic issues on natural gas prices and demand during the period from 2014 to 2020. The paper shows and interprets the expectations of the natural gas market until 2040.

Natural gas, trade and sustainable growth: empirical evidence from the top gas consumers of the developing world

ABSTRACTNatural gas is the key non-renewable source of energy for a low-carbon economy. The research applies heterogeneous panel techniques to investigate the impact of natural gas consumption on economic growth across a panel of top 15 natural gas consumers of the developing world. We establish long-run dynamics with cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity across the sample countries. The long-run output elasticities suggest that the natural gas consumption and trade variables have significant positive effect on the output in a panel of developing economies. Further, we establish feedback relationship among gas consumption, output and trade in the short-run. Given the significance of natural gas as the low-emission source of energy, we suggest governments and policy advisers of these major natural gas consumers to focus on developing pipeline infrastructure for adequate supply, reforming natural gas sector with a competitive price structure to combat excess demand in individual natural gas market. With trade integration, majority of these countries need to incorporate these initiatives to improve the technologies such as combined cycle power plant technology and value-added chemical production technology to achieve sustainable economic growth.

Communications on energy Changing policy perspectives for natural gas in the Netherlands

Early assumptions regarding the longevity of Dutch natural gas resources could not have foreseen, in particular, the 1970s oil crisis. The latter has placed enormous pressures on demand for Dutch gas, and original policies have had to be drastically revised. These themselves can occasionally be criticized as having helped exacerbate current difficulties. Exportation from the Netherlands to other countries will in future be systematically reduced. In the Netherlands itself, the significance of natural gas in total energy consumption will diminish, but a vigorous gas purchasing policy on international markets should ensure continuity of supply until at least the year 2000.

World Energy Resources: Survey and Review

T HE population explosion, particularly in the underdeveloped, or Third World, countries, is now almost certainly destined to double the world's inhabitants to 7 billion by the year 2000. In the face of this one has no real justification for treating lightly the views of the prophets of doom who foresee a rapid depletion of the planet's nonrenewable resources and an approaching global energy crisis. Population control and more positive management of expendable resources are mandatory and should be faced without delay by all governments. The energy problem has two major facets for which predictions are difficult, namely, the source of supply for the period twenty to fifty years ahead and the ecological consequences of the accelerated use of less accessible, finite resources and of the inevitable eventual wholesale development of nuclear power plants. At present the United States consumes nearly 35 percent of the world's energy, and even allowing for greater upsurges of population and increased standards of living elsewhere the proportion is unlikely to fall much below 25 percent by the year 2000. If by then the standard of living in the underdeveloped parts of the world should rise to that enjoyed by Americans today, the worldwide level of energy consumption would reach the awesome dimension of roughly loo times the present figure.1 During the last half century the world's total energy consumption has increased by more than five times. The scale of growth, the shifting patterns of production, consumption, and trade away from solid fuels toward petroleum, the increasing significance of natural gas, the advent of nuclear power, and the concern about future sources of supply and about the environmental impact of the extended use of these resources have all resulted in a voluminous literature,

THE GIPPSLAND OIL AND GAS FIELDS—FOUR YEARS OF PRODUCTION AND UTILISATION

The discovery by the partnership of Esso Exploration and Production Australia Inc. and Hematite Petroleum Pty Ltd during the past eight years of the natural gas and crude oil fields off the east Victorian coast has often been compared to that of gold in the State in the 1850's in its impact .on the economic, industrial and social life of the community.To date the amount spent in the State on the discovery and overall development of these fields is approximately $600 million. The value of oil and gas recovered over the period of nearly four years since production commenced in 1969 and distributed and utilised by various means to 31 December 1972, amounts to about $500 million. In addition the value of refined products from Victoria's three refineries and items produced by industrial processes through the use of natural gas and petroleum products as fuels, amount to many more millions of dollars. The total impact on Victoria in one form or another could, if measured in monetary value, he equivalent to about $1200 million-all in the course of about eight years.Other States have also benefited. The building of tankers, barges, tugs and work boats and the modification of refineries in New South Wales and Queensland, have probably cost in the region of $200 million whilst indirectly the success of the Gippsland oil and gas discoveries has spurred other explorers to step up the search in many areas and, as far as natural gas is concerned, with considerable success.The speed and efficiency with which the four gas and oil fields developed to date were brought into production, the necessary treatment plants erected, the pipelines laid and distribution facilities organised; and with which the gas industry changed over to the new fuel and refineries modified their processes to use indigenous crudes have, by world standards, been exceptional. From the time the first gas field-Barracouta, was found in February 1965 until the last oil field in the program -Kingfish came fully on stream late in 1971, less than seven years elapsed.During that time Victorian fuel patterns underwent vast changes. Today over 95% of all gas consumers are using natural gas and about 70% of crude processed by local refineries comes from the Gippsland Basin. The significance of natural gas in particular is demonstrated by a 41% increase in gas sales in Victoria in 1971/72 over the previous twelve months and this trend is expected to accelerate as a result of recent arrangements for the supply of large volumes of this fuel to industrial plants including paper mills, cement works and an alumina smelter.Also of major significance to the State has been the development of the port of Western Port where the loading of tankers and LPG carriers has resulted in it becoming the State's second busiest port. Of less immediate impact but still of great value in the long term, has been the building of better roads and facilities needed to service the installations and the emergence of many valuable skills in the petroleum industry which will make easier the task of future development of new fields and facilities in Victoria and other parts of Australia.