Significance Of Family History Research Articles

Family history of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA)

Abstract Introduction Genetic factors play an important role in the development of myocardial infarction (MI), and a positive family history is a risk factor for MI. The significance of family history among patients with a working diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is not known, and previous studies of family history in MI have not made a distinction between MINOCA and MI due to coronary artery disease (MI-CAD) based on angiographic findings. Purpose To investigate family history of MI with and without obstructive coronary arteries in patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA. Methods A nationwide register-based case-control study of 15 462 MINOCA cases and 38 220 controls without MI with a non-obstructive coronary angiography due to chest pain, together with 204 424 MI-CAD cases, defined as MI with obstructive coronary arteries with a degree of stenosis >50%, between the years 1995-2020. Data from the Swedish coronary angiography and angioplasty register with information about angiographic findings was merged with information on first-degree relatives from the Swedish multi-generation register. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI), to analyze the probability of MINOCA patients having first-degree relatives with 1) MINOCA, 2) MI-CAD, and 3) MI-CAD patients having first-degree relatives with MI-CAD. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and smoking status. Results A total of 161 MINOCA patients (1%) had ≥1 first-degree relative with MINOCA and the probability of having a positive family history of MINOCA did not differ compared to controls, with age and sex adjusted OR 1.08 (95% CI 0.89-1.31) and when adjusting for all covariates 1.08 (95% CI 0.87-1.34). Conversely, 1436 MINOCA patients (9%) had ≥1 first-degree relative with MI-CAD and the probability of having a positive family history of MI-CAD was higher compared to controls with age and sex adjusted OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.05-1.20) and when adjusting for all covariates OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.04-1.20). The sensitivity analysis showed that 24 972 MI-CAD (9%) patients had a positive family history of MI-CAD compared to controls, OR adjusted for age and sex 1.68 (95% CI 1.61-1.75), and OR adjusted for all covariates 1.68 (95% CI 1.60-1.75). Conclusions In this first study that examines family history of MINOCA, including data from over 250 000 coronary angiograms, a positive family history of MI-CAD was more common among patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA compared to controls without MI and with non-obstructive coronary arteries. A family history of MINOCA was uncommon and was not associated with MINOCA. These results indicate that genetic factors and shared environmental factors within a family leading to CAD are important also for MINOCA, thus MI-CAD and MINOCA share underlying mechanisms.

Significance of family history in understanding and subtyping trichotillomania

Background and aimsThe existence of subtypes of trichotillomania (TTM) have long been hypothesized, and recent studies have further elucidated characteristic subtypes of TTM and possible ramifications of subtyping for treatment. In clinical applications of subtyping for treatment of TTM, family history (FH) of psychiatric disorders in patients may serve as a tool to differentiate disorder presentations and inform care. We compared prevalence of psychiatric illnesses in first-degree relatives of participants with TTM and healthy controls, respectively, in a large sample, and examined associations between those psychiatric disorders that were significantly different in the FH between groups and measures of disability, severity, and neuropsychological constructs. MethodsWe compared FHs of 152 participants (mean age = 29.9) with TTM and 71 healthy controls (mean age = 29.6), utilizing chi-squared tests to determine which psychiatric illnesses were more prevalent in FHs of participants with TTM. We then used two-tailed t-tests to compare TTM participants with those more prevalent FHs to participants without those FHs on measures of disorder severity, disability, and neuropsychological constructs. FindingsObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), TTM, skin picking disorder (SPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) were significantly more frequent in first-degree relatives (p < 0.0033) of TTM participants than those of healthy controls. TTM participants with a FH of OCD scored significantly higher on measures of impulsivity and lower on measures of distress tolerance. Those with FH of TTM, SPD, and MDD did not differ significantly across measured variables. ConclusionOCD, TTM, SPD, and MDD are more prevalent in the FHs of people with TTM, as compared to healthy controls. TTM participants with a family history of OCD may be more likely to demonstrate decreased distress tolerance and increased impulsivity. In all, as understanding of TTM subtypes develops, the FH may prove a useful tool in delineating subtypes and informing care.

Psychogenic nonepileptic (functional) seizures: Significance of family history and model learning

PurposeIf a positive family history of seizures plays a significant role that contributes to the risk for developing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) by means of model learning, one would expect that patients with PNES with a family history of seizures show a different semiology than those without such a history. We investigated whether the above hypothesis is valid. MethodsIn this retrospective study, all patients with PNES, who were diagnosed at Shiraz Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from 2008 until 2019, were investigated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with a positive family history of seizures and those without such a history ResultsDuring the study period, 274 patients with PNES-only had the inclusion criteria. Seventy-seven (28%) patients had a positive family history of seizures and 197 (72%) patients did not have such a history. There were no significant demographic or clinical differences between the two groups. ConclusionIt seems that a positive family history of seizures and model learning does not play a significant role in the development of PNES. Investigators should explore other potentially significant contributors and risk factors for developing PNES in future studies.

The Whole Name Exercise: A Self of the Therapist Activity to Support Culturally Attuned and Inclusive Communities in MFT Training

ABSTRACT The Whole Name Exercise is a self of the therapist training strategy designed to highlight the significance of family history and culture in the everyday lived experiences of the participants. This activity can facilitate self-reflection, group bonding, and play an important role in demonstrating values of equity and social justice. This article provides background on the significance of names, including historical and modern-day practices of dehumanizing people through naming and renaming practices. The Whole Name Exercise is described and suggestions to enhance the facilitation of the activity are discussed. Finally, two esteemed colleagues share the stories and significance of their names by responding to the questions in the exercise.

Importance of tumor location and histology in familial risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers: a nationwide cohort study.

BackgroundFamilial clustering of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers and the significance of family history has been addressed previously. We aimed to elucidate the familial risk based on the specified tumor location and histology.MethodIn the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we determined the familial risk of UGI cancer patients diagnosed (1958–2015) with esophageal and gastric cancer by tumor location using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).ResultsRisk of esophageal cancer in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with esophageal cancer increased 2.4-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.0–2.8), whereas risk of esophageal cancer in cases with family history of cancer in the middle third of the esophagus increased 3.4-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.1–5.1). Risk of gastric cancer in FDRs increased 1.6-fold (SIR 95% CI 1.5–1.7), occurrence of concordant subsite gastric cancer in the antrum, body, and cardia was 5.5-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.4–11), 4.6-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.6–7.4), and 1.7-fold (SIR 95% CI 1.1–2.5), respectively. Familial risk of concordant histological subtype in esophageal cancer was 4.1-fold for squamous cell carcinoma (SIR 95% CI 3.2–5.2) and 3.6-fold for adenocarcinoma (SIR 95% CI 2.5–5.1). The risk of concordant gastric adenocarcinoma was 1.6-fold for one affected FDR (SIR 95% CI 1.5–1.7), 6.1-fold for two FDRs (SIR 95% CI 4.4–8.4), and 8.6-fold among twins (SIR 95% CI 2.3–22).ConclusionFamily history of cancer in the lower third of the esophagus and stomach cancer in specific locations such as the antrum, body, and cardia can be considered as important predictive evidence for cancer in the same location in relatives. Our findings might guide endoscopy-based surveillance by introducing subgroups of populations with a higher risk for UGI cancer with particular attention to concordance of location of lesions, which could be a reasonable strategy for early detection, and thus help save more lives.

Abstract 2549: Familial risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers by tumor location

Abstract Background: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are within the most common malignancies worldwide. Familial clustering of UGI cancers and the significance of family history have been addressed in the past. We aimed to further elucidate the familial risk based on specified tumor locations. Methods: Using the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we determined the familial risk of UGI cancer patients diagnosed between 1958 and 2012. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used for calculating concordant and discordant familial cancers risks, stratified by tumor locations. All results were adjusted for sex, age group, period, and socioeconomic status. Results: Risk of esophageal cancer in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of esophageal cancer patients was 2•4-fold higher than that in those without such a family history. Familial risk for concordant cancer in upper and middle third of esophagus was 3•2- and 5•6-fold, respectively. Family history of esophageal cancer in lower part was associated with increased risk of gastric cardia cancer in FDRs and vice versa. Family history of both adenocarcinoma and SCC of esophageal cancer increased the familial risk of concordant (similar) and discordant subtypes. Occurrence of gastric cancer in the body and the antrum of stomach in a FDR were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer 6- to 7-fold in the same location in family members, respectively. Conclusion: Family history of UGI cancers in some specific locations like upper and middle third of esophagus, body and antrum of stomach can be considered as an important predictive evidence for the same cancers in relatives. Citation Format: Elham Kharazmi, Masoud Babaei, Mahdi Fallah, Thianhui Chen, Kristina Sundquist, Kari Hemminki. Familial risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers by tumor location. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2549.

Co-Relation of Family History of Hypertension with Hypertension in the Young Male Adults in Western Rajasthan

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Family history is an important non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension, very few studies have been done in the young male adults of our region. So, the aim of our study is to know the significance of family history and its effect on hypertension in young healthy male individuals. Method: We performed a cross section study on 400 young male individuals between 18 to 30 years in western Rajasthan. The participants were then subjected to a set of questionnaire which included age, sex, past history and family history of hypertension. They were then subjected to the measurement of blood pressure. Results: In our study 9.25% were hypertensive and among thesefamily history of hypertension was present in 27.75% subjects.Mean Systolic Blood Pressure is 7.31 mmHg and mean Diastolic Blood Pressure is 5.6 mmHg higher in those having positive family history of hypertension compared to the other. Interpretation and Conclusion: Statisticalanalysis was conducted using Student’s t-test and ANOVA test. The p-value is

Can family history of premature coronary artery disease be a risk factor for clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction?

Can family history of premature coronary artery disease be a risk factor for clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction?

Should Your Family History of Coronary Heart Disease Scare You?

Traditional risk factors explain most of the risk associated with coronary heart disease, and after adjustment for risk factors family history was believed to contribute very little to population-attributable risk of coronary heart disease. However, the INTERHEART study demonstrated an independent association of family history of coronary heart disease with acute myocardial infarction. To assess this relationship more comprehensively in multiple datasets in different populations, we carried out a detailed review of the available evidence. Case-control studies involving 17,202 cases and 30,088 controls yielded a pooled unadjusted odds ratio (random-effects model, overall I(2) = 64.6%, P = 0.000) of 2.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.79-2.30), whereas cohort studies that included 313,837 individuals yielded an unadjusted relative risk for future coronary heart disease (random-effects model, overall I(2) = 88.7%, P = 0.000) of 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.44-1.77). Although the presence of family history of coronary heart disease indicates a cumulative exposure of shared genes and environment, the risk estimates for family history did not attenuate significantly after adjustment for conventional coronary heart disease risk factors in several studies. It is probably an oversimplification to dichotomize the family history variable into a simple "yes" or "no" risk factor, as the significance of family history is influenced by several variables, such as age, sex, number of relatives, and age at onset of disease in the relatives. Moreover, a quantitative risk-assessment model for the family history variable, such as the "family risk score," has a positive linear relationship with coronary heart disease. More studies are warranted to assess the benefits and risks of intensive interventions, both targeted individually and at the family level, among individuals with a valid family history and borderline elevated risk factors.

Family History As a Positive Prognostic Factor in Gastric Cancer

Family History As a Positive Prognostic Factor in Gastric Cancer

S2016 Significance of Family History of Pancreatic and Associated Syndromic Cancers in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms

S2016 Significance of Family History of Pancreatic and Associated Syndromic Cancers in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms

Family History of Stroke: An Old and Still Unproven Risk Factor

Many studies have examined whether a family history of hypertension and/or stroke increases an individual’s risk of a stroke (1–6), but the results have been inconsistent. The significance of family history in predicting the occurrence of strokes is still controversial. Nevertheless, mass screening programs worldwide include questions about an individual’s family history of diseases. On the other hand, a mass screening guideline for metabolic syndrome released by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2008 does not recommend using a family history questionnaire. Stroke has a multifactorial etiology, where hypertension is a major attributable risk for stroke. The genetic heritability of risk factors, family sharing of cultural/environmental and lifestyle factors, and the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors could play significant roles in the development of hypertension and the onset of a stroke (7). The fraction of the variance of an individual’s blood pressure level that can be explained by inheritance has been estimated to be approximately 40%, even for twins (8). The source of the residual fraction has scarcely been explored. Does a parental history of stroke increase an individual’s risk of stroke? Are responses to family history questionnaires used in clinical settings or large-scale epidemiological surveys reliable? The unreliability of an offspring’s memory may bias a family history that was obtained as a response to a questionnaire. Before computed tomography was widely available in clinical settings in the early 1980s, misclassification of stroke diagnosis was a source of bias. A large fraction of strokes that occur at an early stage can be attributed to familial factors (9). Some countries, including Japan, have experienced a dramatic change of lifestyles since the 1950s. Compared to old people, younger individuals are likely to share a larger proportion of lifestyle and environmental factors with their parents. Therefore, the predictability of family history would be more significant among younger subjects. Evidence from the Framingham Study of parents and offspring could give some answers to the above questions. The subjects’ parents’ cardiovascular events were validated objectively in a cohort study (not self-reported by offspring). The presence of parental cardiovascular disease (CVD) increased the CVD risk for middle-aged offspring. The risk was more prominent among offspring with premature parental CVD (5). The evidence obtained from the Framingham Study seems to be conclusive. However, there is a gap between the information about family history in the Framingham Study and the evidence in other large-scale epidemiological studies and actual clinical settings. Many factors that contribute to the occurrence of strokes (including family history) have shown various degrees of association in different populations. Genes in the Japanese population have changed little in the last 100 years. On the other hand, life expectancy, the major causes of death, and lifestyle-habits (including food intake and physical activity) have changed dramatically. A shorter life expectancy in the parent’s generation could have reduced the risk of suffering from CVD in old age. Is a family history significantly associated with the occurrence of stroke in Japan? A Japanese study in the early 1970s showed that a family history of stroke was significantly related to cerebral hemorrhage (1). Questionnaires and interviews concerning family history have been recommended for use in many mass screening programs (10). Subsequently, however, few studies have reported an association between

1483: Significance of Family History in Men with Prostate Cancer Age 49 Years and Younger

1483: Significance of Family History in Men with Prostate Cancer Age 49 Years and Younger

Family history: Life stories

This special issue contains contributions from the field of sociological–biographical research, in which the significance of family history is presented in its interdependence on social history for...

The family history component of cancer genetic risk counseling.

Family history is an important risk factor for inherited cancers. Obtaining a family history is therefore a key component of cancer genetic risk counseling (CGRC). Many oncology nurses do not have training in cancer genetic risk counseling. However, every nurse is capable of obtaining a basic family history. The family history can help in identifying patterns of cancer transmission in families. Nurses can then refer families with a strong history of cancer to nurse geneticists, genetic counselors, or others qualified to make a further assessment of risk. If those resources are unavailable locally, the Internet can be of assistance. This article summarizes genetic and clinical characteristics of inherited cancers, the significance of family history, interview approaches, questions to ask about personal and family history of cancer, what a pedigree is and how to draw one, what to do with family information including risk analysis and documentation, and available resources on the Internet.

Child Neglect and Intensive-Family-Preservation Practice

Australian social workers, like their American peers, have questioned the relevance of brief intensive-family-preservation services (IFPS) to child neglect. Three scenarios involving physical and environmental neglect are compared and contrasted, and the experience of an Australian pilot IFPS program is explored, highlighting the use made of the worker's time in the home, the significance of family history, social support, and issues in termination and follow-up. The case studies suggest three subtypes of neglect, each of which has different implications for the delivery and organization of IFPS.

Significance of Family History in Breast Cancer Treated with Breast Conservation Therapy

: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of family history (FH) of breast cancer on the outcome of patients with local-regional breast cancer treated with breast conservation therapy. Of 974 patients treated with breast conservation therapy, a total of 794 consecutive cases were evaluable with adequate FH data and a greater-than-1-year follow-up. All patients had local-regional disease (stages O-IIIA) and underwent lumpectomy, axillary node dissection, and radiation therapy. Seventeen percent of patients had a positive family history of breast cancer, which was defined as a first degree relative (mother, sister, daughter). A significant difference was seen in overall survival in patients with and without an FH of breast cancer (p = 0.027). While FH did not correlate with differences in local failure, distant failure, disease specific survival, or overall survival in patients less than or equal to age 50, a positive FH correlated with a worse disease specific survival (p = 0.045) and a worse overall survival (p = 0.017) in patients over age 50. Multivariate (Cox) analysis confirmed the significance of FH (p = 0.008), tumor size (p = 0.001), and nodal status (p = 0.015). Comparing patients with and without an FH, no differences were seen in age at presentation, age of menarche, age of menopause, parity, tumor size, histologic and nuclear grade, nodal status, or estrogen receptor status. In patients with an FH of breast cancer, the most commonly affected relative was the mother (9.4%). While FH did not impact on outcome of patients age 50 or younger, it was prognostic for a poorer overall survival in older patients, and poorer disease-specific survival. Patients with an FH of breast cancer are similar to patients without a family history in tumor and patient characteristics. An FH of breast cancer does not correlate with an increased local or distant failure in our study population as a whole, but does correlate with a poorer overall survival when compared to patients without an FH of breast cancer.?

Ovarian carcinoma. A review of the significance of familial risk factors and the role of prophylactic oophorectomy in cancer prevention.

Women with a family history of ovarian cancer are at increased risk of ovarian cancer. Prophylactic oophorectomy (PO) remains the only effective method of ovarian cancer prevention. This study reviewed current data on the significance of family history and how prophylactic oophorectomy should be used in different risk groups. Approximately 7% of ovarian cancer patients have a positive family history of whom 3-9% may eventually manifest certain hereditary cancer syndromes. Women in direct genetic lineage of family cancer syndromes have up to a 50% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Because of the high risk, PO is indicated for women with familial cancer syndromes after childbearing or between the ages of 35-40 at the latest. The majority of women with a positive family history of ovarian cancer do not have one of the recognized syndromes. Women with one or two affected relatives have an increased lifetime risk of ovarian cancer from a baseline of 1.6 to 5-7%. This risk is not high enough to warrant PO for a large number of women. After being properly informed, the patient still chooses surgical prevention, she then receives PO. For women without a family history of ovarian cancer, the role of PO remains controversial. Assuming an annual incidence of 22,000 new cases of ovarian cancer, it is estimated that at least 1000 may be prevented if PO is diligently practiced during hysterectomy. Despite ovarian and breast cancer prevention, PO would lead to shorter life expectancy if estrogen therapy compliance were less than perfect. Thus, the decision on PO as a concurrent procedure should depend on the individual patient and her ability to comply with lifelong estrogen therapy.

Significance of family history in early stage breast cancer treated with breast conservation therapy

Significance of family history in early stage breast cancer treated with breast conservation therapy

Translocation Down’s syndrome

Among the 500 Down syndrome children karyotyped, 15 (3%) were due to translocation; 10 were 21;21 translocation and five 14;21. There were 9 cases of de novo translocations, while 6 were inherited from father or mother. Family history was characteristic in all the translocation cases, with younger parental age, fetal wastage in the family, recurrence and with the affected child often being either the first or the only liveborn in the family. The pattern of translocation in Madras and the significance of family history in genetic counselling are discussed.