Significance Level P-value Research Articles

HEALTH EDUCATION ON MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES IN BABY MASSAGE INDEPENDENTLY

Background: Baby massage is a comfortable form of communication between mother and baby. Benefits of regular baby massage with proper techniques include increased baby weight gain, improved breast milk production, reduced maternal anxiety, and stronger bonding. Method: Quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate techniques with chi-square statistical tests. The sample in this study consisted of 45 mothers with babies aged 0–12 months in Kedak Village, Semen, Kediri Regency. Sampling technique with accidental sampling. Respondents were given a questionnaire before and after participating in a health education session conducted using audiovisual media and leaflets. Result:The bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed the value of Asymp. A significant relationship was found between pre-health education and the knowledge and attitude of mothers in massaging their baby independently, with a p-value of 0.000. Post-health education, the Asymp. significance level of p-value 0.001 indicates a relationship between mothers' knowledge and their attitude towards independently massaging their babies after health education. Conclusion: There is a relationship between health education and mothers' knowledge and attitude towards independently massaging their babies.

Understanding the predictors of health professionals' intention to use electronic health record system: extend and apply UTAUT3 model

BackgroundThe implementation of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems is a critical challenge, particularly in low-income countries, where behavioral intention plays a crucial role. To address this issue, we conducted a study to extend and apply the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 3 (UTAUT3) model in predicting health professionals' behavioral intention to use EHR systems.MethodsA quantitative research approach was employed among 423 health professionals in Southwest Ethiopia. We assessed the validity of the proposed model through measurement and structural model statistics. Analysis was done using SPSS AMOS version 23. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, and mediation and moderation effects were evaluated. The associations between exogenous and endogenous variables were examined using standardized regression coefficients (β), 95% confidence intervals, and p-values, with a significance level of p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe proposed model outperformed previous UTAUT models, explaining 84.5% (squared multiple correlations (R2) = 0.845) of the variance in behavioral intention to use EHR systems. Personal innovativeness (β = 0.215, p-value < 0.018), performance expectancy (β = 0.245, p-value < 0.001), and attitude (β = 0.611, p-value < 0.001) showed significant associations to use EHR systems. Mediation analysis revealed that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and technology anxiety had significant indirect effects on behavioral intention. Furthermore, moderation analysis indicated that gender moderated the association between social influence, personal innovativeness, and behavioral intention.ConclusionThe extended UTAUT3 model accurately predicts health professionals' intention to use EHR systems and provides a valuable framework for understanding technology acceptance in healthcare. We recommend that digital health implementers and concerned bodies consider the comprehensive range of direct, indirect, and moderating effects. By addressing personal innovativeness, performance expectancy, attitude, hedonic motivation, technology anxiety, and the gender-specific impact of social influence, interventions can effectively enhance behavioral intention toward EHR systems. It is crucial to design gender-specific interventions that address the differences in social influence and personal innovativeness between males and females.

Assessing Non-Laboratory Healthcare Professionals' Attitude towards the Importance of Patient Preparation for Laboratory Tests.

(1) Background: Various guidelines address patient preparation and its importance for venous blood sampling, such as the GP41 guideline issued by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the blood collection guidelines published by the World Health Organisation. Recommendations provided by national societies or international organisations in the field of radiology, such as The Contrast Media Safety Committee of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology, or in the field of laboratory medicine, such as the Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) and the Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) of the Latin American Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), also guide this practice. There is a notable lack of understanding regarding the viewpoints held by non-laboratory healthcare professionals concerning the significance of patient preparation for laboratory testing and the impact of typical factors associated with patient preparation. This study endeavours to bridge this gap by assessing the attitude of non-laboratory healthcare professionals in Lithuania regarding these pivotal aspects. (2) Methods: A self-designed anonymous questionnaire was disseminated among 141 public healthcare institutions in Lithuania. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated by computing Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics were utilised for the variables, while comparisons of attitude among groups were conducted using Mann-Whitney U (for two groups) or Kruskal-Wallis (for more than two groups) for categorical and discrete indicators. The Kruskal-Wallis post-hoc test was employed for pairwise comparisons. A significance level of p-Value < 0.05 was applied to establish statistical significance. (3) Results: A total of 158 respondents constituted two distinct groups of healthcare professionals: nurses and physicians. Most of the participants either agreed or strongly agreed that patient preparation could introduce bias into laboratory test results. Professionals with less than 20 years of work experience or those who attended training in patient preparation for sampling within a 5-year timeframe exhibited stronger agreement regarding different preanalytical factors in patient preparation and their impact on laboratory test results compared to their counterparts. (4) Conclusions: Non-laboratory healthcare professionals who participated in this survey consider proper patient preparation for laboratory testing to be a significant step towards obtaining accurate test results. They also recognize the commonly acknowledged preanalytical factors as important for ensuring reliable test results. However, attitudes towards the importance of several preanalytical factors vary depending on whether non-laboratory healthcare professionals have more or less than 20 years of work experience, as well as whether they have attended any training on this topic within the last five years or have never attended such training.

IMATSA – an improved and adaptive intelligent optimization algorithm based on tunicate swarm algorithm

Swarm intelligence optimization algorithm has been proved to perform well in the field of parameter optimization. In order to further improve the performance of intelligent optimization algorithm, this paper proposes an improved and adaptive tunicate swarm algorithm (IMATSA) based on tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA). IMATSA improves TSA in the following four aspects: population diversity, local search convergence speed, jumping out of local optimal position, and balancing global and local search. Firstly, IMATSA adopts Tent map and quadratic interpolation to initialize population and enhance the diversity. Secondly, IMATSA uses Golden-Sine algorithm to accelerate the convergence of local search. Thirdly, in the process of global development, IMATSA adopts Levy flight and the improved Gauss disturbance method to adaptively improves and coordinates the ability of global development and local search. Then, this paper verifies the performance of IMATSA based on 14 benchmark functions experiment, ablation experiment, parameter optimization experiments of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Wilcoxon signed rank test and image multi-threshold segmentation experiment with the performance metrics are convergence speed, convergence value, significance level P-value, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Standard Deviation (STD). Experimental results show that IMATSA performs better in three kinds of benchmark functions; each component of IMATSA has a positive effect on the performance; IMATSA performs better in parameter optimization experiments of SVM experiment and GBDT; there is significant difference between IMATSA and other algorithms by Wilcoxon signed rank test; in image segmentation, the performance is directly proportional to the number of thresholds, and compared with other algorithms, IMATSA has better comprehensive performance.

Multilevel Intervention Program Goes to School Camba’ Rokok for School Based Smoking Prevention

Background: The earlier age people start smoking will have the potential to become long-term smokers. One way that can be done to overcome this problem is through program intervention such as a promotive preventive program that is focused on addressing the problem of smoking is urgently needed. In the City of Palopoin 2017 smokers of elementary school children reached 15.27%, people who broke the rules by smoking in schools reached 44.27% and 36.64% of students had been exposed to outdoor cigarette advertisements. Aims: This study aims to assess the program Goes to school camba' rokok in multilevel interventions at the student and school level to increase self-efficacy and skills in school-based smoking prevention. Methods: The population in this study was state junior high school and senior high school in Palopo city. This research is a quasi-experimental study, with a Solomon four-group design. The samples in this study were 131 students who were randomly determined at SMAN 2 Palopo, SMAN 4 Palopo, SMPN 5 Palopo, and SMPN 8 Palopo using simple cluster random sampling tests. Data analysis using STATA for statistical analysis using statistical tests with Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis at the significance level p-value &lt;0.05. Results: Posttest scores in the four groups, there was a significant difference in the effect of program interventions going to school camba' rokok on self-efficacy with a p-value of 0.0001, skills with a p-value of 0.0012. Conclusion: There is an increase in students 'self-efficacy and skills through a multilevel intervention program going to school camba' rokok in Palopo City.

Effects of virtual reality versus motor imagery versus routine physical therapy in patients with parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundParkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mostly affecting balance and motor function caused mainly by a lack of dopamine in the brain. The use of virtual reality (VR) and motor imagery (MI) is emerging as an effective method of rehabilitation for people with Parkinson’s disease. Motor imagery and virtual reality have not been compared in patients with Parkinson’s disease. This randomized clinical trial is unique to compare the effects of virtual reality with routine physical therapy, motor imagery with routine physical therapy, and routine physical therapy alone on balance, motor function, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease.MethodsA total of sixty patients with Parkinson’s disease were randomized into three groups using lottery method; twenty with virtual reality therapy in addition to physical therapy (group A = VR + RPT), twenty with imagery therapy in addition to physical therapy (group B = MI + RPT), and twenty were treated with only routine physical therapy (group C = RPT). All patients were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for motor function and activities of daily living, the Berg balance scale (BBS) for balance, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABCs) for balance confidence at baseline, six and twelve weeks, and one month after treatment discontinuation. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the outcomes between three groups, and the repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the outcomes within each of the three groups at a significance level of p-value = 0.05.ResultsAccording to UPDRS III, the VR + RPT group showed significant improvement in motor function, compared to the MI + RPT and RPT groups, as the Mean ± SD at baseline was 33.95 ± 3.501 and at the 12-week assessment was 17.20 ± 9.451 with a p-value = 0.001. In the VR + RPT group, the BBS score at baseline was 37.15 ± 3.437 and at 12th week was 50.10 ± 4.897 with a p-value = 0.019. Among the VR + RPT group, the ABCS score showed significant improvement as the M ± SD at baseline was 57.95 ± 4.629, and at the 12th week was 78.59 ± 6.386 with a p-value = 0.010. At baseline, the UPDRS II for activities of daily living in the VR + RPT group was 25.20 ± 3.036 and at 12th week it was 15.30 ± 2.364 with p-value of 0.000.ConclusionThe current study found that the combination of VR and RPT proved to be the most effective treatment method for improving balance, motor function, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease when compared to MI + RPT or RPT alone.

Prevalence, risk factors and psychological consequences of workplace violence among health workers in the Greater Accra region, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundGlobally, close to one-third of all workplace violence (WV) occurs in the health sector. Exposure to WV among healthcare professionals in Ghana has been widely speculated, but there is limited evidence on the problem. This study therefore investigated WV, its risk factors, and the psychological consequences experienced by health workers in Ghana.MethodsAn analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in the Greater Accra region from January 30 to May 31, 2023, involving selected health facilities. The participants for the study were selected using a simple random sampling technique based on probability proportional-to-size. The data analyses were performed using STATA 15 software. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with WV, considering a significance level of p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe study was conducted among 607 healthcare providers and support personnel across 10 public and private hospitals. The lifetime career, and one-year exposure to any form of WV was 414 (68.2%) [95% CI: (64.3-71.9%)] and 363 (59.8%) [95% CI: (55.8-63.7%)], respectively. Compared to other forms of WV, the majority of healthcare workers, 324 (53.4%) experienced verbal abuse within the past year, and a greater proportion, 85 (26.2%) became ‘super alert’ or vigilant and watchful following incidents of verbal abuse. Factors significantly linked to experiencing any form of WV in the previous 12 months were identified as follows: older age [AOR = 1.11 (1.06, 1.17)], working experience [AOR = 0.91 (0.86, 0.96)], having on-call responsibilities [AOR = 1.75 (1.17, 2.61)], and feeling adequately secure within health facility [AOR = 0.45 (0.26, 0.76)].ConclusionThere was high occurrence of WV, and verbal abuse was the most experienced form of WV. Age, work experience, on-call duties, and security within workplace were associated with exposure to WV. Facility-based interventions are urgently needed to curb the incidence of WV, especially verbal abuse.

Expression of ZAP 70 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and its Correlation with Clinical Stages

Objective: To ascertain the levels of ZAP-70 expression within the context of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients and to subsequently analyze the potential correlations between ZAP-70 expression and the clinical staging of the disease. Study Design &amp; Setting: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi from July 2021 to December 2021. Methodology: We included 73 CLL patients of various ages and both genders. and patients having lymphoproliferative disorders other than CLL were excluded. Sysmex XN-3000 was used to do complete blood counts. Diagnosis of CLL was confirmed immunophenotypically by flow cytometry. Samples were processed by standard methods for ZAP70 analysis. Descriptive statistics were expressed in terms of mean ± standard deviation (SD). A Chi-square test was conducted, with a significance level of p-value =0.05 being considered significant. Results: Among 73 patients, 24 were females (32.9%) and 49 were males (67.1%). Females had a mean age of 69.00±9.47 years, whereas males had a mean age of 65.73±11.12 years. ZAP-70 expression was positive in 8 (11%) and negative in 65 (89.0%) cases. The expression of ZAP-70 in CLL and its correlation with Binet Stages was significant (p=0.002). ZAP- 70 expression in males and females showed no significant difference (p 0.059). ZAP-70 analysis showed no significant difference in patients with age more than 60 years from = 60 years of age (p= 0.275) Conclusion: ZAP-70 gene expression should be used in routine laboratory settings and can be correlated with the clinical stages of CLL

Splash of body fluids among healthcare support staff in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

Exposure to splash of body fluids is one of the common ways of transmitting blood-borne infections from patients to healthcare practitioners. Globally, there is a paucity of evidence on exposure to splash of body fluids among hospital housekeepers. This study, therefore, investigated splash of body fluid and its predisposing factors among healthcare support staff in the Greater Accra region, Ghana. An analytic cross-sectional survey was conducted among support staff in 10 major hospitals between 30 January and 31 May 2023. A multi-stage sampling procedure was the overarching technique employed, and study participants were recruited through simple random and probability proportional-to-size sampling techniques. The data analyses were conducted using STATA 15 software. The preliminary association between exposure to splash of body fluids and predisposing factors was established through Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Log-binomial regression analyses were employed to validate the factors related to splash of body fluids at a significance level of p-value < 0.05. The investigation was conducted among 149 healthcare support staff. The exposure to splash of body fluids over the past 1 year was 53.7% (95% CI: 45.3%-61.9%). The types of body fluids that were mostly encountered through these splash exposures were amniotic fluids (36.3%) and urine (23.8%). Several factors were found to be significantly associated with splash of body fluids, namely: employed as a healthcare assistant [APR = 1.61 (1.16, 2.22)], holding a supervisory position [APR = 0.24 (0.11, 0.51)], having a system in place for reporting body fluid splashes [APR = 0.61 (0.44, 0.85)], male healthcare support staff [APR = 0.62 (0.41, 0.93)], and adherence to standard precautions most of the time [APR = 1.66 (1.11, 2.48)]. Healthcare support staff were highly exposed to splash of body fluids. Gender, supervisory role, category of worker, reporting systems, and adherence to standard precautions were associated with exposure to splash of body fluids. Facility managers are advised to enhance the efficiency of reporting systems.

Effectiveness of Hamstring Release and Neural Mobilisation in Improving Walking Capability and Physical Activity Associated with Intermittent Neurogenic Claudication in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: In India, one of the most prevalent spinal pathologies is Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS). It is characterised by the compression of neural structures in the spinal canal, resulting in symptoms such as neurogenic claudication, lower extremity radiculopathy, and gait impairment. Treatment involves various therapeutic modalities, with present study focusing on an integrated exercise method. Aim: To evaluate the potential efficacy of hamstring release and neural mobilisation in LSS patients. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India from September 2021 to May 2022. Total of 30 patients diagnosed with LSS were divided into two groups based on inclusion criteria: group A (experimental) and group B (control). Pain, neural flexibility, walking capacity, disability, and physical activity were assessed at baseline and after the 3rd week of the intervention. Treatment sessions were administered for 30 minutes per day, three times per week (on alternate days), for a duration of three weeks in both groups. Data analysis was done using the Windows version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The paired t-test was used to compare mean data within each group before and after the intervention. The Independent t-test formula was applied to compare pre and postintervention changes between group A and group B. Group B. A significance level of p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Group A and group B had respective mean ages of 37.07±8.66 years and 41.07±8.66 years. Total of 30 LSS patients were treated. Significant differences were observed in the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (p-value&lt;0.0001), Straight Leg Raise (SLR) (p &lt; 0.001), Slump Test (p-value&lt;0.0001), and Self-paced Walking Test (SPWT) (p-value &lt;0.0001). Minimal significance was noted in the Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) (p-value=0.027) and Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSSQ) (p-value=0.029). Conclusion: Hamstring release and neural mobilisation improve pain, neural flexibility, walking capacity, disability, and physical activity in LSS patients.

PENERAPAN TRANSTHEORICAL MODEL BEHAVIORAL CHANGE TERHADAP KEPATUHAN BEROBAT PADA PASIEN MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS DI PUSKESMAS KOTA DAN KABUPATEN JAYAPURA

Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is still a global health problem. Indonesia is the 3rd country with an average of 5% cases per 100,000 population. For the Papua region, MDR-TB is still a major problem because the treatment success rate has not reached the WHO indicator (68.7%). The treatment of MDR-TB is complex and time-consuming, making patients non-compliant. Reports of low patient visits have made it possible to develop a promotive service program based on applying the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Behavioral Change. The TTM Model focuses on changing behavior with the main component of self-efficacy. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients, treatment compliance of MDR-TB patients, analyze the effect of applying the TTM behavioral change model with the level of treatment compliance of MDR-TB patients. The research method used a pre-experiment design with a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The study population was 35 patients at the city and district health centers of Jayapura. The instruments used were the Self-Efficacy For Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS) and TB Medication Adherence Scale (TBMAS). The effect test used a paired sample t-test with significance level p-value=0.05. This indicates an effect of changes in compliance behavior after being given health promotion by applying the Transtheoretical Model. Substantially, the level of adherence to taking medication in MDR-TB patients is also influenced by belief and motivation to recover. There is support from nurses at the puskesmas who often provide behavior change promotions, so patients have the strength and support of a good system that has a positive impact on increasing thoughts to achieve recovery. The importance of Increasing health promotion based on behavior change in MDR-TB patients can increase self-efficacy to recover so that it has an impact on adherence to taking medication.

The effect of chewing-betel habits on blood glucose levels in the Karo ethnic community, Karo district

Background The chewing Betel habit is a hereditary tradition from the ancestors of the Batak-Karo tribe, Indonesia. Karo people believe that chewing betel habit is their unifier. The chewing-betel habit process begins with concocting a mixture of ingredients such as betel leaf, lime, gambier, areca nut, and with or without tobacco addition, then chewed slowly. This study aimed to analyze whether the habit of chewing betel can affect BGL in the Karo ethnic community in the Karo district. Methods In total, 48 participants from the Karo community were divided into 4 groups (n=12 per group), namely: I. non-T2DM participants without chewing betel habits; II. non-T2DM participants with chewing-betel habit; III. T2DM participants without chewing-betel habit and IV. T2DM participants with chewing-betel habit. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. The data were collected by interviews and blood sampling (fasting and 2 hours postprandial (2hPP)). The collected data were analyzed by paired t-test, Independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney with a significance level of p-value &lt;0.05. Results This study showed that fasting BGL condition in group-I compared to group II (84.33±12.32 vs 81.00±4.84) mg/dl and group-III compared to group-IV (196.25±104.81 vs 150.00±42.45) mg/dl had no significant difference. Also, the BGL of 2hPP condition in group-I compared to group-II (111.25 ±22.62 vs 108.33±18.99) mg/dl, and group-III compared to group-IV (314.92±128.97 vs 229.25±58.26) mg/dl, in statistically there was no difference (p&gt;0.05). Although the data showed that group-III was higher than group-IV. Conclusion This study concludes that with or without chewing-betel habits affect blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes subjects (Groups III and IV).

Determinants of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Iranian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent chronic disease among children and adolescents, necessitating effective self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) levels. Understanding the determinants and factors influencing SMBG behavior is crucial for optimizing diabetes management in this population. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of SMBG and identify the determinants influencing factors in children and adolescents with T1DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, and included 275 participants selected through simple random sampling from the Gabric Diabetes Education Association. The inclusion criteria comprised children and adolescents aged 3 - 18 years diagnosed with T1DM for at least 6 months who were using analog or neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) and regular insulin subcutaneously. Patients using insulin pumps were excluded. Data collection involved an online questionnaire covering demographic information (e.g., age, gender, educational status, and parental occupations) as well as clinical information (number of hypoglycemic episodes, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels, diabetes duration, insulin regimen, diabetes complications, glucose monitoring practices, hospitalizations, and behavioral characteristics). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and Poisson regressions, were performed using SPSS software (version 21). A significance level of P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The participants had a mean age of 10.00 ± 3.77 years, with 54.2% being males. Most of the participants (87.3%) were schoolchildren, and the mean age of diagnosis was 6.56 ± 3.73 years, with a mean duration of 44.72 ± 36.32 months. Anthropometric investigations revealed mean height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) values of 136.69 ± 21.11 cm, 37.45 ± 15.51 kg, and 18.31 ± 3.55 kg/m2, respectively. The majority of participants (93.5%) used insulin pens, and the mean daily insulin dosage was 35.34 ± 22.20 IU. Parents reported consistent glucose level monitoring in 64.7% of cases. The mean HbA1c level was 7.91 ± 1.58%. Factors such as the price and availability of glucometer strips influenced glucose level monitoring. In univariate analysis, only age and HbA1C levels showed a negative correlation; however, parents' consistent checking showed a positive correlation with the frequency of daily, weekly, or monthly glucose checking. This study underscores the significance of SMBG in children and adolescents with T1DM. The findings emphasize the critical role of price and availability of glucometers and strips in achieving standard care for T1DM patients.

Benefits of providing videos on the resilience of adolescent girls regarding premarital sexual behavior

The transition period in adolescents increased interest in sexuality can lead to premarital sexual intercourse. Adolescent need education about the resilience of premarital sex through videos. This study aims to determine the benefits of providing video on the resilience of adolescent girls regarding premarital sexual behaviour. The design used pre-experiment with pretest-posttest design. Implementation in March-April 2022 in PGRI 1 Amlapura Senior High School Karangasem Regency, Bali with a total sampling technique of Social and Language Class. The samples are 45 students. The research instrument used a youth resilience questionnaire. Normality test with Shapiro Wilk obtained data is not normally distributed. Analysis used the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p-value &lt;0.05. The results show the mean before giving a video is 68 and after giving a video the mean is 92. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed there was a significant benefit in giving video with a p-value of 0.001 &lt; 0.05. The comparison of pretest and pottest of adolescent resilience was 44 respondents who had positive ranks and 1 person had ties. Adolescents with low resilience tend to have low self-esteem and pose unwanted risks. Researchers suggest that respondents can apply resilience directly.

Assessment of Pulp Stones Among Western Saudi Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The term "pulp stones" refers to conditions of calcification that can appear in any area of the dental pulp. This study aims to assess the prevalence of pulp stones and examine whether there is any connection between their occurrence and factors such as patient age, gender, tooth location, presence of decay, or dental restorations in a western Saudi subpopulation based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). 500 patients were randomly selected from the College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, database. The study involved evaluating 2998 teeth in coronal, axial, and sagittal planes by four dental peer examiners observing and recording data (sequentially and simultaneously) that included whether pulp stones were present or absent, the teeth group (anterior, premolars, and molars), tooth location (maxillary or mandibular), presence or absence of restoration, presence or absence of caries, and the patient's gender. Chi-square tests were utilized for statistical analysis, and a significance level of p-value ≤0.05 was established. Out of 500 individuals (250 females and 250 males), only 130 individuals (26%) and 278 teeth out of 2998 (9.2%) had pulp stones, with no significant statistical correlation identified between the presence of pulp stones and gender. (P = 0.459). Molars exhibited the greatest incidence of pulp stones (238; 85.6%), followed by anterior teeth (30; 10.8%), and premolars had the lowest prevalence (10; 3.6%). Teeth that showed a higher occurrence of pulp stones were associated with caries (74; 26.6%) and restorations (58; 20.9%). The association between pulpal stone and periodontal involvement was seldom significant (0.7%). A significant association was found between the presence of pulp stones and nonintact teeth (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of pulp stones between females and males in the maxillary and mandibular (74.7% and 57.3%, respectively) (P = 0.002). Additionally, the frequency of pulp stones was statistically significant when comparing the left and right sides (P<0.001) (48.9% and 51.1%, respectively). Understanding the prevalence and distribution of pulp stones is crucial for dentists and endodontists, as it assists practitioners in devising an appropriate treatment plan for affected teeth that require root canal therapy. One-fourth of the Madinah population was confirmed to have pulp stones, with a higher incidence in molars, caries, and restored teeth. No difference was found between its occurrence and gender. The high prevalence is exhibited in individuals between 45 and 54 years old. However, further studies with equal patient distribution are needed to confirm this observation.

Metabolic Syndrome: A Strange Companion of Atrial Fibrillation; A Blessing in Disguise from the Neuropsychiatric Point of View.

Background: The concept of metabolic syndrome (MetSy) brings together components that individually represent a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which over time can prove to be more harmful if a combined effect of these is exhibited. Method: A single-centre retrospective study in an academic medical unit was conducted. We analysed the link between the MetSy and the occurrence of neuropsychic complications among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. We sifted through the files of the patients admitted during 2015-2016 to the Municipal Emergency University Hospital Timisoara, Romania, with the diagnosis of AF. We divided these AF patients into two groups: the first group comprised patients with atrial fibrillation and MetSy (267 patients), while the second group comprised AF patients without MetSy (843 patients). We analysed the occurrence of neuropsychic changes (stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, cognitive impairment, and silent lacunar infarction) among the two groups. Results: Cognitive impairment (p-value = 0.0081) and dementia (p-value < 0.0001) were less frequent in patients with AF and MetSy than in those with AF without MetSy. Regarding the presence of stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD), we could not demonstrate the existence of any statistically significant difference between the two groups. Using logistic regression (enter test), we found that MetSy might have a protective effect (OR = 0.4040, 95% CI [0.2132; 0.7654], p-value = 0.0054) for the occurrence of dementia in those patients. Furthermore, obesity was the only factor with a possible protective effect from all the constituents of the MetSy when analysed together (with a significance level of p-value = 0.0004 for the logistic regression). The protective effect of MetSy against stroke occurrence was supplementarily proven by a longer period of survival without stroke from the AF diagnosis (3.521 years, p = 0.0304) compared to patients with AF without MetSy (3.286 years to first stroke occurrence). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome might offer protection against the occurrence of dementia among patients with AF, but no effect was noted when compared with the presence of stroke. Further studies on larger cohorts can help us reach a conclusion regarding the positive effects of the metabolic syndrome.

Personal Hygiene Health Education to Family Motivation in Performing Self-Care for Mobility Impaired Patients

Behavior that is difficult to carry out personal hygiene activities in patients with mobility disorders is caused by limitations in activities that trigger the emergence of less behavior, attention, desire and patient understanding of the importance of carrying out self-care when sick. This study aimed to identify the impact of health education about personal hygiene on family motivation in an effort to carry out self-care for patients with mobility disorders at Laburan Baji General Hospital, Makassar. The research design used was a pre-experimental design with the one group pre-test-posttest design method. The population in this study were all families of patients with mobility impairments in the Baji Kamase treatment room at Laburan Baji General Hospital, Makassar. Samples were drawn using the total sampling technique with a total sample of 84 subjects. Based on the results of the wilcoxon rank test with a significance level of p-value=0,000 was obtained (p-value&lt;0,05). The results of the study showed that there was an influence of health education about personal hygiene on family motivation in carrying out self-care in patients with mobility disorders. Hospitals should provide information media, such as posters about self-care or personal hygiene so that families or visitors can be motivated about the importance of maintaining or caring for personal hygiene.

Does pomegranate extract supplementation improve the clinical symptoms of patients with allergic asthma? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Asthma essentially represents a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests as a lifelong condition with different severity throughout the life of patients with asthma. Pomegranate holds three times the antioxidant activity compared to other polyphenol-rich food sources like green tea, which may positively impact asthma. Aim of the study: This research aimed to investigate the pomegranate supplementation influences clinical symptoms, eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil counts in patients with allergic asthma. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 64) suffering from mild to moderate allergic asthma were randomly divided into two groups: The control group received placebo capsules and the intervention group received 250mg pomegranate extract capsules twice a day (for 8 weeks). To analyze the data, we used SPSS software (version 22). The significance level of p-value was considered less than 0.05. Results: The findings showed that the pomegranate extract improved patients' clinical symptoms like daily breath shortness, nocturnal breath shortness, and limitation of asthma-related activity in the intervention group compared to the control group. Furthermore, eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil counts were significantly decreased in the intervention group. Also, by comparing the two groups, the levels of change in neutrophils and eosinophils were statistically significant. Conclusion: It appears that the pomegranate extract can ameliorate some clinical symptoms and reduce neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils in allergic asthma patients. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/trial/45612; identifier: IRCT20200205046384N1.

Prevalence and Characteristics of the Articular Tubercle on Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Pneumatisation represents areas of minimal resistance, making it easier for the expansion of numerous pathological processes such as tumours, infections, or fractures into the joint. Detection of these air-filled cavities is necessary before planning surgical intervention in order to prevent complications. Aim: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of Pneumatisation of the Articular Eminence of the Temporal Bone (PAT) in the Bengaluru population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at an esteemed Dental College and Hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The study lasted for 13 months, from March 2019 to February 2020. The study included Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 133 patients (84 males and 49 females) aged between 20-80 years. Based on age, the study group was divided into five groups with an age interval of 10 years, and the prevalence, laterality, and type of pneumatisation of the articular eminence were assessed. The obtained data were statistically analysed using the Chi-square test and McNemar’s test with a significance level of p-value&lt;0.05. Results: Out of the 133 CBCT images evaluated, PAT was noticed in 62 subjects, with an overall prevalence of 46.6%. The highest prevalence of pneumatisation (62.5%) was present in the age group of 61-70 years, followed by 53.8% in the 31- 40 years age group. A male predilection was noted with the maximum prevalence during the sixth decade, followed by the third decade of life. There was an equal distribution in terms of laterality, and the multilocular type of pneumatisation was more common than the unilocular type. Conclusion: The prevalence of PAT was 46.6% and was predominantly seen in males compared to females. Multilocular PAT was more commonly seen than unilocular PAT.

Etiopathology, Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Border Zone Strokes.

A border zone infarct (BI) is defined as an infarction that is localized to watersheds or border zones in the brain. BI is further classified into cortical border zone infarct (CBZ) and internal border zone infarct (IBZ). This study was conducted to explore the clinical and radiological characteristics of BI. The study was conducted on eligible 400 acute ischemic stroke patients out of which 52 BI patients (diagnosed by the radiologist on DWI MRI images), patients >18 yrs of age were selected and divided into two groups of IBZ and CBZ infarct patients. The degree of intracranial and extracranial stenosis and characteristics on clinical presentation were assessed. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software at significance level p-value <0.05. 25% and 75% of CBZ and IBZ patients, respectively, had history of presyncope or syncope before stroke. On vascular evaluation, 3.9% and 51.9% were in MCA and ICA stenosis group, respectively. Evidence of cardio embolism was found in 17.3% of patients. 53.3% of CBZ and 53.8% of IBZ patients were in ICA stenosis group, and 6.7% of CBZ and 7.7% of IBZ patients were in MCA stenosis group, with a statistically insignificant relation (p-value >0.05). Association of BI with events causing hypotension or hypovolemia is well-established in our study, association of BI with large vessel atherosclerosis is common, and its contribution to CBZ and IBZ seems to be equal.