Significance Of View Research Articles

Curcumin therapy: Immune booster in present and post-pandemic (COVID-19) Era

COVID-19 pandemic, which has traumatized the world population, in principle, is an inflammatory lung disease secondary to SARS-COV2 virus infection. Inflammatory lung injury progressing to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a recognized clinical feature of the disease. Inflammatory cytokines released in response to COVID-19 activate the transcription factor - the nuclear factor-қB (NF-қB) and series of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for lung injury. Accurate yet precise treatment of coronavirus disease still remains inconclusive, and intervention is mainly symptomatic treatment, respiratory support, antiviral therapies and vaccination. Currently, the major focus of therapy is on reducing lung inflammation by elevating the host immunity. In this scenario, NF-қB inhibition can be conceptualized as a promising approach to down-regulate the overproduction of cytokines, such that inflammatory lung tissue injury could be prevented in COVID-19 infected patients. Towards this, curcumin from Curcuma longa (Turmeric) would play a vital role in the intervention and suppress NF-қB activation via translocation of p65 into the nucleus. Moreover, Curcumin is a proven therapeutic agent against various inflammatory pathologies as it also has the potential to inhibit the expression of certain genes that are critical for the regulation of inflammation. Keeping this phenomenon and the current medical significance in view, we have explored and computed the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin to develop it as a potent therapeutic agent to prevent NF-қB induced lung tissue injury in COVID-19 with the main goal of elevating immunity in the post-covid-19 situations as well as in healthy human beings.

Psychology of color, integration of local culture and effect of infographics on English language learning

Purpose Many students are found facing difficulties in learning English due to plenty of reasons: known and unknown ones. In order to overcome such an issue, the instructors have to explore for effective techniques of teaching English to motivate learners by any means. Technology in general and informatics in particular can be thought of as innovative tool of pedagogy in the current teaching-learning environment. The present proposal of research aims at creating innovative approaches, which attract learners' interest and catch their attention for better outputs. Design/methodology/approach Following subsections have been discussed keeping the significance in view. Setting of the study: The present study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia, which is one of the Saudi Arabian universities; however, it has opened up new avenues for the pedagogues, teachers of English and researchers to conduct studies in various allied fields. In order to have a representative sample of students' population, the participants were chosen from the “preparatory year”. Material and tools: This study used a questionnaire (Appendix) and a test to evaluate performances of the two groups: controlled and experimental. In order to further strengthen the findings, semi structured interview was conducted for a few select students from the student-sample. Since the questionnaire was adapted, the statistical validity and reliability was not considered to be essential; however, content/face validity was ensured by consulting 10 experts in the field of education/methods of teaching. Findings Based on the analysis of data gathered from the test performances of the two groups of students, it was found that there existed a significant difference in the test scores. The questionnaire responses also proved that infographics can be proved to be an interesting tool of education in general and English language teaching in particular. However, it has been noticed from the gathered data that not many teachers are comfortable using multimedia or infographics for different reasons. The results of the present study are in line with the study by Rezaei and Sayadian (2015) that support the idea of infographics that would help English teachers to develop understanding and insights to design among the learners. They further contend that the infographic instruction offers choices for the utilization of collaborative activities. In addition, the infographics enhance students' performance as a whole as also supported by Alrwele (2017). Research limitations/implications The study was conducted on a small sample which might affect the generalization of the outcomes. It was carried out with special reference to teaching of vocabulary and reading. Practical implications There can be many recommendations for different stakeholders. For teachers, it is recommended that they should know about the significance of infographs for catching the attention of students. They should know how to design interesting and colorful infographs. The administration/management should facilitate the teachers with the required software or platform to create infographics and integrate in an English language class. In addition, teachers should attend workshops and training courses organized for topics related to the infographs. Originality/value The author checked the study for plagiarism (excluding references) and found it to be 93% plagiarism free.

A Review to Explore Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential of Caffeine Molecule

Caffeine an adenosine like molecule has attracted interest of many researchers. More than eighty percent of world population consumes caffeinated products. The exponential growth of caffeine is due to its medicinal uses, its availability food products as beverages and other OTC products. More and more sports persons are using it as stimulant and energy booster. Caffeine is reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties and anti-oxidant activity. Many of the over the counter pain killers has caffeine as one of its active ingredient. It has also widely been reported and used for improving cognitive functions and memory. It has been reported that moderate caffeine consumption, i.e., 400 mg/day by a healthy adult is usually safe and does not have any side effects. It is most widely and frequently consumed pharmacologically active compound with variety of medicinal uses. Keeping its clinical significance in view, we review various medicinal uses of caffeine and scientific rationale behind those uses. Keywords: Caffeine, medicinal uses, neuromodulator, psychostimulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant Cite this Article Sarika Tyagi, Vivek, Rajesh Sehgal. A Review to Explore Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential of Caffeine Molecule. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmaceutical Science . 2020; 11(2): 1–8p.

Viewscape Assessment Framework for Protecting the Views of Sacred Monuments: Comparative Study of Srirangam and Thanjavur Religious Towns

Sacred monuments represent layers of evolving traditional forms of architecture and city building that have together created a sense of place in our historic cities. Among the various sacred monuments Gopurams and Vimanams are significant landmark structures which form the image and identity for the historic temple towns of South India. Treating temple Gopuram and Vimanam as objects of worship inspired and influenced a variety of sacred activities and rituals performed in places around them. These sacred monuments have been built to be viewed and worshipped from far as well as near. The Gopurams, which once stood in centre of the settlement and dominated their surroundings, are now in danger of losing their visibility due to a variety of elements that obstruct the view. In the above context it is attempted to study the visual relationship between the sacred monuments and the places from where the views are available, so as to identify the most important views for protection. For this purpose, a review of literature related to assessment of quality views was undertaken. In order to protect the most important views, a ‘Viewscape Assessment Framework’ was used to assess the factors which affect (a) quality of views and, (b) quality of place from where the view is available The viewscape assessment framework was applied in case of two important sacred monuments with differing visual characteristics. Major findings of the study reveal that the significance of view of the sacred monument depends on viewing location, its physical characteristics, number of potential viewers, background and foreground elements of the viewscape. This study also emphasizes the use of ‘View Assessment Framework’ for identifying and protecting the views of sacred monuments.

Loss of estrogen-related receptor α promotes hepatocarcinogenesis development via metabolic and inflammatory disturbances

Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and metabolism essential for energy-driven cellular processes in both normal and cancer cells. ERRα has also been shown to mediate bone-derived macrophage activation by proinflammatory cytokines. However, the role of ERRα in cancer in which inflammation acts as a tumor promoter has yet to be investigated. Herein we show that global loss of ERRα accelerates the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochemical and metabolomics studies revealed that loss of ERRα promotes hepatocyte necrosis over apoptosis in response to DEN due to a deficiency in energy production. We further show that increased hepatocyte death and associated compensatory proliferation observed in DEN-injured ERRα-null livers is concomitant with increased nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent transcriptional control of cytokine expression in Kupffer cells. In particular, we demonstrate that loss of ERRα-dependent regulation of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα leads to enhanced NF-κB activity and cytokine gene activation. Our work thus shows that global loss of ERRα activity promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by independent but synergistic mechanisms in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, implying that pharmacological manipulation of ERRα activity may have a significant clinical impact on carcinogen-induced cancers.

Life, Death and the Law

When does the High Court (Family Division) have power to make a life-or-death decision for a person who lacks capacity to decide for themselves? The inherent jurisdiction and its basic principles are described. Power is to grant declaratory relief (in adult cases). Contrast the position where an adult is capable of making an autonomous decision, or the position under the Mental Health Act 1983. Examples are given of recent extensions of the jurisdiction; and prospective changes under the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Particular issues relating to withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, and the distinction between omissions and positive acts causing death are discussed. When a court decision is needed on withholding life-sustaining treatment to a patient, other than one in PVS, is left unclear. The nature of the test to be adopted in reaching such decisions is described, as are the circumstances in which advance directives refusing treatment are binding, and the significance of views and wishes falling short of an advance directive; an example is given of the dilemmas that can arise.

TOT v. Netherlands and Another

14Aliens — Refugees — Asylum — First country of asylum — Determination of — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, and Protocol, 1967 — Requirement to apply for refugee status in first country of asylum — Turkish national arriving in the Netherlands after residing in Italy — Whether applicant entitled to apply for refugee status in the Netherlands — Significance of views of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees — Whether return of applicant to Italy violating duty of non-refoulement — The law of the Netherlands