Significance Of Duration Research Articles

Early Activation of Quadriceps With Pressure Biofeedback for the Prevention of Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition Following Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries: A Proof of Concept Clinical Trial

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the possible role of pressure biofeedback in the early activation of quadriceps following lower limb orthopedic surgeries. MethodsThis was a proof of concept clinical trial. A single-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on 24 patients who underwent lower limb surgeries. The experimental group received standardized physiotherapy treatment in addition to pressure biofeedback for quadriceps retraining. The control group received a standardized physiotherapy treatment developed for an inpatient orthopedic setting. The motor unit action potential (MUAP) duration and amplitude were measured using electromyography on the second and sixth postoperative days. ResultsTwenty-four participants, with a mean age for the control group of 58.67 ± 17.21 and the experimental group of 40.1 ± 6.96, were enrolled. No statistical significance in MUAP amplitude for within the groups (F[5,85] = 1.735, P = .135) was found. However, there was a statistical significance between the control and experimental groups in amplitude measured by electromyography (F[1,17] = 49.09, P < .01). There was no statistical significance in MUAP duration for within the groups (F[5,85] = 1.303, P = .270). However, there was a statistical significance in duration (F[1,17] = 71.84, P < .01). ConclusionPressure biofeedback was more effective in the early activation of quadriceps muscle when coupled with conventional exercises compared with conventional exercises alone following lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Early activation of quadriceps could be a contributing factor to preventing arthrogenic muscle inhibition.

In your own time: How the long take expresses personal experiences of time on-screen

ABSTRACTThis article asserts how the concept of subjective time has the potential to illuminate our understanding of the long take. Having recognized the significance of duration to the long take, theorists have speculated on how a shot's duration is perceived by the viewer. One of the most significant of these was André Bazin, who wrote how the long take can convey a subjective, personal, lived experience of time. These insights, however, have often been overshadowed by his claims surrounding the camera's ability to objectively capture time and space.This article, which will reference my recently completed practice as research film The Girl Who Swallowed a Seed (2012), will refocus on the specific concept of subjective time. While the long take is often critiqued and distilled in terms of literal and material duration, here I will argue that framing the discourse in only these terms is reductive.Drawing upon themes surrounding the human body, the film I have made uses various types of long takes to convey a range of subjective experiences of time. By analysing certain sequences from the film, I will explore how cinematic techniques can represent these different subjective experiences. In turn, I will argue that the long take can be used as a way of encapsulating the manifold ways we understand and experience time.

Analysis of clinical data of patients with different outcomes after short-time insemination

The study is to analyse the clinical data of the two groups of patients with different fertilisation outcomes after short-time insemination and probe into short-time insemination indications. A retrospective study including 558 cycles of short-time insemination in our centre during January 2009 to June 2010 which were divided into two groups by the method of fertilisation, 472 cycles by IVF and 86 cycles by Re-ICSI group according to fertilisation conditions to and compare the differences between the two groups in the indexes of average female age, average male age, duration of infertility, forward-moving sperm counts, abnormal sperm rate, proportion of primary infertility, etc. The differences between the two groups have statistical significance in duration of infertility, forward-moving sperm counts, abnormal sperm rate and proportion of primary infertility (5.02 ± 3.12 versus 5.86 ± 3.35; 83.06 ± 78.55 versus 54.02 ± 61.78; 83.56 ± 5.24% versus 86.31 ± 5.26%; 56.87% versus 74.42%; P < 0.05). The discrepancy between the two groups has no statistical significance in average female age and average male age (P > 0.05). Duration of infertility, forward-moving sperm counts, abnormal sperm rate and previous pregnancy history have great significance to predict fertilisation failure, so decisions should be made on the basis of the above indexes when evaluating whether a patient should conduct short-time insemination.

Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: current controversies and future prospects.

Carcinoma of the breast remains the most common cancer in women in the United States. It is exceeded only by lung cancer as a cause of cancer death in women. In 1980, the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) held a consensus development conference that addressed the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer (1). In 1985, another conference was held that addressed the survival benefit associated both with adjuvant chemotherapy and with adjuvant hormonal therapy for women with primary breast cancer (2). In 1990, at the time of the last consensus development conference (3), breast cancer appeared to be increasing modestly nationally, partly because of increased detection of early breast cancer by the growing use of screening mammography. The mortality rate in 1990 appeared to be absolutely flat. The consensus conference held 10 years ago concluded that breast conservation therapy was appropriate for the management of primary breast cancer. It further concluded that adjuvant systemic therapy provided benefit to women regardless of lymph node status and that it should be recommended based on risk and benefit as judged by a complex of prognostic factors, including size of the primary tumor and lymph node status. These conclusions were based on large, randomized clinical trials. Every major advance in the management of breast cancer has emerged from clinical trials. Without continued basic research in breast cancer, there will be no future for clinical trials. At the present time, breast cancer in the United States appears to be at a plateau of frequency when it is age adjusted. The encouraging news is that mortality from breast cancer in this country and in many European countries has been falling for the last 8 years, which probably reflects the benefit of both adjuvant tamoxifen and screening mammography. The last decade has brought major clinical trials addressing the significance of duration in the administration of adjuvant tamoxifen, the role of anthacyclines in adjuvant chemotherapy, the role of taxanes, the significance of chemotherapy dose and intensity, the significance of chemotherapy duration, and predictive factors for response to adjuvant therapy. These clinical trials provide the datasets that enable this conference to address these current controversies. The questions that have been chosen for the panel to address meet two criteria: 1) They are of crucial interest to breast cancer patients and their healthcare team, and 2) a body of scientific evidence exists to allow an informed consensus.

Significance of duration and amplitude in transmembrane pressure pulsed ultrafiltration of binary protein mixtures

This study examines the effects of varying the pulse amplitude and duration on permeate flux and solute throughput for a binary protein solution in crossflow transmembrane pressure pulsed ultrafiltration with semi-permeable hydrophobic membranes. Solutions of 1% BSA and 0.3% IgG in 0.15 M NaCl, with pH 7.4 were used in a crossflow ultrafiltration cell with a crossflow shear rate of 700 s −1, pulsing frequency of 0.5 Hz, and an average operating pressure of 66 kPa was used. Polysulfone membranes with 100 000 MWCO were used throughout the study. Average pulse amplitude was varied between 60 and 27 kPa and the average pulse duration ranged between 0.13 and 0.34 s of backpressure per second of operation. The results showed that variations in pulse duration did not significantly effect permeate flux. However, mass flux of BSA was enhanced due to pulsing by as much as a factor of three. Only the case which combined reduced pulsing pressure and short duration resulted in negligible deviation in BSA concentration from the nonpulsed case results. One proposed mechanism for this is that transmembrane pressure pulsing may improve solute flux by removing lodged solute in the pores. The backward flow potentially carries the previously lodged solute out away from the pore, clearing the pore for solute transport in the next ultrafiltration cycle.

中枢性疾患に対するＡＢＲの刺激間隔時間の意義

中枢性疾患に対するＡＢＲの刺激間隔時間の意義