Signaling Device Research Articles

Electrical Doping in Sc-III-Nitrides: Toward Multifunctional Devices at the Signal Device Level.

A homogeneous integration of various types of devices using a single material platform is an ideal route toward multifunctional devices at the single-device level for miniaturized, fast, and energy-efficient systems. However, such a single material platform is still missing. Scandium-containing III-nitrides (Sc-III-nitrides) are promising, but their electrical doping properties remain unknown. In this work, the electrical doping in Sc-III-nitrides is investigated and optoelectronic devices using Sc-III-nitrides on silicon (Si) are further demonstrated. The material format of the nanowire is used, with magnesium (Mg) serving as the impurity dopant to control the electrical doping. It is discovered that, by adjusting the Mg doping concentrations, the Sc-III-nitrides can be tuned from n-type to p-type. Device application in light-emitting is further demonstrated using the p-type Sc-III-nitrides as the hole injection layer. The performance comparison between devices using the regrown Sc-containing p-type contact layers and non-Sc-containing p-type contact layers indicates the advantage of Sc incorporation in improving the quality of the regrown p-type layer in a device structure. The electrical doping in Sc-III-nitrides demonstrated in this study represents an important step toward a homogeneous integration of different types of devices using a single material platform.

The language of inclusion: A randomized trial of how DEI statements influence hiring practices for people with visible and invisible disabilities

BackgroundCompanies are increasingly motivated to ensure that they are effective at hiring people with disabilities, but bias in the process remains a challenge. While Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) statements are generally crafted as external-facing signaling devices, little is known about their potential effect on the employees themselves with regard to internal decisions, such as hiring. ObjectiveThis study aims to explore whether various DEI statements may encourage more positive hiring decisions for job candidates with both visible and invisible disabilities. MethodsAn experiment with a 2 × 4 × 2 design was used (DEI Language: legal/traditional or heartfelt; Disability Type: none, visible, and two types of invisible disabilities; Candidate's Tone: warm or overconfident). Quantitative and qualitative items measured general reactions to the candidate as well as perceptions about his employability, degree of risk as a new hire, skills at negotiating for his salary, and integrity. Statistical tests include analyses of variance and z-tests for proportions. ResultsHeartfelt statements improved ratings of candidates with disabilities in general, and more so for those with invisible disabilities. In addition, the two types of invisible disability were distinct from each other, with the mental health disability more stigmatized than the neurological one. ConclusionsThese results suggest that the DEI language that a company uses is an important signaling device not just for external constituents but also for internal employees. In addition, it is among the first to demonstrate differences in types of invisible disabilities, indicating that more nuance is needed to understand bias in this context.

The precise spatial control device for cellular signaling: DNA origami

The precise spatial control device for cellular signaling: DNA origami

Moonlighting Crypto-Enzymes and Domains as Ancient and Versatile Signaling Devices.

Increasing numbers of reports have revealed novel catalytically active cryptic guanylate cyclases (GCs) and adenylate cyclases (ACs) operating within complex proteins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here we review the structural and functional aspects of some of these cyclases and provide examples that illustrate their roles in the regulation of the intramolecular functions of complex proteins, such as the phytosulfokine receptor (PSKR), and reassess their contribution to signal generation and tuning. Another multidomain protein, Arabidopsis thaliana K+ uptake permease (AtKUP5), also harbors multiple catalytically active sites including an N-terminal AC and C-terminal phosphodiesterase (PDE) with an abscisic acid-binding site. We argue that this architecture may enable the fine-tuning and/or sensing of K+ flux and integrate hormone responses to cAMP homeostasis. We also discuss how searches with motifs based on conserved amino acids in catalytic centers led to the discovery of GCs and ACs and propose how this approach can be applied to discover hitherto masked active sites in bacterial, fungal, and animal proteomes. Finally, we show that motif searches are a promising approach to discover ancient biological functions such as hormone or gas binding.

Analysis of Carbon Monoxide on Transportation Along the Eastern Crossroad of Jambi

The Eastern Crossroad is one of the national roads that connect the city of Jambi with other cities, districts, and provinces, resulting in relatively heavy traffic and frequent congestion on this road. This has led to the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), which can result in a decline in ambient air quality. The research used a quantitative descriptive approach aimed at depicting the ambient air quality of CO on Mendalo Darat Road, which is part of Eastern Crossroad. The research revealed the highest vehicle density of 17,954 units in the morning on Tuesday, with the highest emission rate of 114,290 µg/m.s, and the lowest density on Sunday morning with 6,568 units and an emission rate of 44,207 µg/m.s. The highest accumulation of CO emission levels occurred on Tuesday evening, reaching 38,536.44 µg/Nm3. Overall, the ambient air quality of CO on Mendalo Darat Road tends to exceed the quality standards. The accumulation of increased CO emissions correlates closely with the road's national status, increased vehicle density due to high community activity, changes in the day's status (working day), and road conditions with traffic signal devices.

Инвазивные нейроинтерфейсы – области применения.

Introduction. Neuroimplants are devices that interact with the nervous system for recording, stimulating or replacing neural activity. Neuroimplants refer to invasive technologies and are a particular example of brain-computer interfaces that measure brain activity and interpret it to control external devices and computers. This paper will discuss invasive neurointerfaces (IN), their applications, directions of development and limitations of these technologies. Materials and methods. The search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases, as well as in open Internet sources. Results and discussion. This section presents a description of the most common neuroinvasive structures, their applications in neurology, psychiatry, and fundamental research. In neurology neuroinvasive devices are the most widely spread. They significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with pharmacoresistant forms of migraine and epilepsy, provide rehabilitation of patients after a stroke and allow them to adapt to the performance of everyday tasks. In psychiatry, neuroimplants are used in the form of DBS (deep brain stimulation) devices that reduce the severity of symptoms of mental disorders by acting on functional networks. Conclusion. Neuroimplants provide opportunities for the treatment of pharmacoresistant diseases, such as pharmacoresistant epilepsy, increasing the quality of life of the patients. Current research interest is focused on developing bidirectional signal devices that, by reading brain activity patterns, analyze them and convert them into signals that allow patients to interact with the outside world.

Peningkatan Kinerja Simpang Ciceri, Kota Serang dengan Model Penerapan Ruang Henti Khusus

The Ciceri intersection is in a densely populated urban area characterized by heavy traffic, particularly motorbikes. This is due to the nearby educational institutions, shops, offices, and a shopping center. The intersection faces numerous traffic conflicts, including crowded vehicle queues, irregular queuing by motorbikes, and improper lane usage by two- and four-wheeled vehicles. The phase setting of traffic signaling devices (APILL) at the Ciceri intersection has been implemented but has not solved the problem. This research aims to analyze the use of RHK to improve the performance of the Ciceri intersection using the Vissim model. The method is to test or simulate various RHK models at the research location. The results obtained can be applied to the RHK at two intersection legs, namely east and west, with a box-type RHK measuring 8m long and 2 x 3.5m wide, increasing the level of Service (LOS) from E to F. The results show a reduction in queues of 5.64 m and delays of 1.52 seconds on the north leg, as well as a reduction in queues of 7.85 m and a delay of 13.48 seconds on the south leg. These results show that RHK can effectively improve the performance of intersections with high traffic volumes without the need to increase physical road capacity.

Ensuring the safety of train traffic by introducing innovative systems

The article discusses issues of train traffic safety. When considering competitive advantage when choosing modes of transport, special attention is paid to such a criterion as the quality of the services provided. One of the characteristics of the quality of railway transport services is the safety of train traffic. A questionnaire was conducted to identify the causes of traffic safety violations, and the main causes of non-standard situations were identified. One of the reasons for traffic safety violations is the human factor. It is proposed to reduce cases of non-standard and emergency situations through the introduction of digital automation technologies, such as the “shunting automatic locomotive alarm” (MALS) system. The technology relates to the field of railway automation, which can be implemented for use on locomotives in order to improve traffic safety, through competent regulation of train movement, as well as shunting work at the railway station. Timely control eliminates the transmission of erroneous (incorrect) information to the MALS, which eliminates the formation of false commands in locomotives and thereby reduces the number of non-standard and emergency situations in transport. This system will allow for a comprehensive modernization of existing signaling devices, automation of shunting work and more rational use of locomotives at the station, thereby improving the logistics process.

Resilience-oriented critical load restoration for railway distribution systems in remote areas by coordination of photovoltaics and energy storage systems

Abstract The utility power infrastructure is relatively weak and susceptible to extreme conditions in remote areas, so the resilience enhancement of the railway distribution system is essential to ensure the service to critical loads, such as communication and signal devices, to prevent undesirable crash events. After extreme events, distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaics (PVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) can be coordinated to restore critical loads as soon as possible. In this paper, a critical load restoration method for railway distribution systems in remote areas is proposed. The PVs and ESSs are coordinated to restore the critical loads distributed along the railway line. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program and solved by off-the-shelf solvers. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is validated through a real-world case in China.

P‐7: A High Resolution Design Methodology for Organic Photo Diode Sensor Integration

In order for OPD to be integrated into the panel, high‐resolution design technology is required. The DSE makes various placements by changing the location and rotation of signal lines and devices, and makes optimal routing. We propose in order to reduce searching time and parasitic capacitance, the search priority is adjusted by high resolution predict models. In addition, a routing model is proposed to avoid congestion of routes and to search for a routing that minimizes overlapping areas between signal lines. Therefore, it is possible to find a layout that can reduce design areas by various placements and routes.

#2570 Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in dialysis patients using pulse wave velocity

Abstract Background and Aims Dialysis patients are at high risk of circulatory dysregulation and hypotension during treatment. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a potentially life-threatening complication. The main causes are high ultrafiltration volumes and high ultrafiltration rates when patients tend to gain a lot of weight between dialysis treatments. A lack of patient compliance with regard to drinking volumes and a lack of residual diuresis are risk factors for this. Close circulatory monitoring and therapy settings to avoid absolute or relatively high UF rates to prevent IDH are frequently used. These are primarily the frequent non-invasive measurement of blood pressure using cuffs, the measurement of relative blood volume and the adjustment of ultrafiltration rates to these values. Prophylactically, the dialysis time can be extended, ultrafiltration profiles or ultrafiltration breaks can be planned, the dialysate temperature can be lowered and the composition of the dialysate can be adjusted. Despite all attempts, however, the incidence of IDH in everyday clinical practice is too high. The non-invasive measurements with cuffs are not carried out frequently enough, the measurement of the relative blood volume only covers a partial range, sudden changes in vascular tension or cardiac output are not recorded. Method The pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a well-known parameter for describing the propagation of the pressure wave after ejection of the heart beat volume in the arteries. The PWV is dependent on blood pressure, vessel wall tension and cardiac output. Changes in blood pressure can therefore be recognised by measuring the PWV. With the help of a measuring device (PESAS) for the ECG signal and peripheral pulse plethysmography, PWV can be measured non-invasively, continuously, for every heartbeat and, above all, hardly noticed by the patient. The PESAS allows the time-synchronised measurement of ECG and peripheral plethysmography curves and thus the determination of PWV. It is an experimental device. We would like to present a study showing the use of a measuring device (PESAS) in 15 prevalent dialysis patients for the detection of IDH. All study participants were examined during 3 dialysis treatments. Results The measurement of PWV in chronic dialysis patients during treatment is technically feasible. The measurement is tolerated by the patients. Changes in PWV could be detected in the patients during the course of dialysis; these were also dependent on the ultrafiltration rates. Individual patient reactions to volume withdrawal varied, with both increases and decreases in PWV being demonstrated. An acute change in PWV was usually associated with a drop in blood pressure. Continuous measurement allowed IDH events to be detected earlier than intermittent blood pressure measurement with cuffs. Sudden drops in blood pressure could be detected better and earlier with the PESAS system than by measuring the relative blood volume. Conclusion The PESAS system is suitable for monitoring dialysis patients to prevent IDH. Further adjustments and optimisation of the evaluation algorithms are necessary.

Corporate integrity culture and credit rating assessment

Recent research has started to acknowledge the vital role of soft information in shaping credit rating outcomes. We extend this literature by investigating the effect of corporate integrity culture on the credit rating process and document a significant positive relationship between a culture of integrity and corporate credit ratings. We further show that this relationship is from both an indirect effect of integrity on a reduced financial risk, and a direct effect of integrity in signalling the creditworthiness of the underlying firm. When an alternative signalling device, such as firm reputation, earnings management activity, and Carbon Disclosure Project involvement, contradicts with integrity culture, integrity is no longer a significant predictor of credit ratings. Our results suggest that corporate culture plays an important role in the credit rating assessment process.

Signalling through managerial tone and analysts’ response

ABSTRACT This study investigates the interaction between a tone signaller and receiver through managerial tone on a conference call. Based on a signalling framework, we examine the following research questions: Does the signal (tone) match the latent information it intends to convey? Can a receiver (analyst) interpret the signal correctly and send feedback to confirm (or disconfirm) it? Does the signalling environment impact signalling effectiveness? Using a sample of 3680 transcripts of earnings conference calls from 241 UK firms in the FTSE 350 Index, we find that managerial tone can produce effective signals that match private information from managers. Analysts understand tone signals accurately and send confirmation feedback to managers. They revise their forecasts upward (downward) following more (less) optimistic managerial tones. They consistently confirm and respond to managers with a similar tone. Analysts with superior expertise, experience and ability better understand the tone signal, leading to a larger reduction in forecast error. The information environment can moderate signalling effectiveness. This shows that managerial tone represents a reliable signalling device for transmitting latent information on a firm’s quality and future performance and that receivers can understand this signal correctly. This study highlights the signalling role of managerial tone in managers and analysts’ communication. HIGHLIGHTS Managerial tone effectively communicates private information to analysts. Analysts accurately interpret tone signals and adjust forecasts accordingly. Analysts with superior expertise better understand tone, reducing forecast errors. Managerial tone's signalling effectiveness varies with information environment.

Tests of Fire Circuit Breakers (FCBs) to Assess Their Suitability for Use in Construction Objects

A fire circuit breaker (FCB) is dedicated to emergency services that can cut off the flow of electricity to all circuits, except for circuits supplying installations and equipment, the functioning of which is necessary during a fire. Theoretical research shows that there are no comprehensive studies on the FCB systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of the components used (activating, signalling and executive devices) on the functionality of the entire FCB system (signal transmission time, actuation time, signalling, operational safety and resistance to various environmental conditions). This study proposes a new test scheme to evaluate the functionality of the entire FCB system, not just their individual components, which are widely known and used by electricians. However, it is only by combining them into a system, taking into account the requirements for firefighting equipment used by firefighters, that a completely new product is created. The new test scheme was properly validated by conducting a series of tests on several systems, consisting of multiple components (activating, signalling and executive devices). The tests carried out confirmed the validity of the assumptions made for the test methods and demonstrated the strong influence of the components (actuators, signalling and execution devices) on the functionality of the entire FCB system.

Advanced Multiparallel-Connected Piezoresistive Physical Sensors: Elevating Performance Reliability of Flexible Strain and Pressure Sensors.

A physical sensor with a sensing medium comprising multiparallel-connected (MPC) piezoresistive pathways in both the vertical and horizontal directions was developed to achieve improved sensing performance. The MPC sensing medium reduces the total resistance and offsets noise, offering enhanced signal stability and device reliability and providing a high-performance sensing platform. The signal change and gauge factor (GF) of the 3PW-5L strain sensor (comprising three lines and five layers of piezoresistive pathways horizontally and vertically, respectively) were, respectively, 5.9 and 4.7 times higher than those of the 1PW-1L sensor composed of a monosensing pathway; the hysteresis of the detected signal was also significantly reduced. The linearity of the detected signal increased from 0.912 for 1PW-1L to 0.995 for 3PW-5L, indicating a greater sensing reliability. The direction of the applied tensile strain was successfully detected using the MPC sensing medium with an orthogonal configuration. The MPC piezoresistive sensor composing vertically stacked piezoresistive pathways demonstrated excellent performance as a pressure sensor; the 3PW-5L pressure sensor afforded a GF of 0.121 ± 0.002 kPa-1 with a linearity of 0.998 under an applied pressure ≥16.4 kPa. The MPC piezoresistive physical sensor offers a superior sensing performance and should contribute to the future development of wearable sensors and electronic devices.

Discourse patterning and recursion in the EU case law

Abstract This paper proposes a novel approach to analysing the text organization of legal texts, specifically focusing on discourse patterning and recursion in the context of EU case law. The study investigates the discourse organization of the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) by exploring, in a data-driven analysis, the use of multiword expressions that occur with specific colligation properties. One peculiarity of CJEU judgments is that their structure is not readily visible since headings are unsystematically used. The application of the present approach demonstrated that discourse organization can be revealed in terms of discourse patterns, signalling devices, and by exploring the position of linguistic expressions in the text. The findings not only reveal concealed text organization units in CJEU judgments but also offer a methodological model for similar analyses in other legal and non-legal texts. The proposed model suggests an investigation of the interaction between metadiscourse (IMD), discourse patterns (DPD), and textual colligation, positing that when IMD and DPD exhibit textual colligation, they signal discourse patterning. This proposal connects two levels of text organization through textual correlation. The study further explores relations between discourse patterns in terms of the notion of recursion.

All-optical 2-bit decoder based on a silicon waveguide device for BPSK-modulated signals

Optical computing technology has gained attention as a solution to address the computational latency caused by the resistance-capacitance (RC) delay in processors based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). However, many optical computing technologies tend to rely on nonlinear effects, resulting in an increase in the device length and input light intensity to enhance nonlinear efficiency. This study proposed what we believe is a new optical decoder device based on linear effects. The device was composed of two cascaded delay-line interferometers (DLIs) made of a silicon waveguide. Targeting 2-bit binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signals, it outputs ON state for a specific bit pattern by setting different phase conditions. The experimental results confirmed the functionality of the device, including measurements of the impulse response, evaluation of the phase-shift conditions, and successful decoding operations for a signal at 10 Gbps. The proposed decoder, which does not rely on nonlinear effects, offers advantages in terms of low latency and power consumption.

Analytical approach on stress analysis in a functionally graded piezoelectric annular disk with varying compressibility and varying density under internal pressure

When a crystal is subjected to mechanical stress, it exhibits piezoelectricity, also known as the piezoelectric effect, which is the emergence of an electrical potential across the crystal's sides. A few examples of piezoelectric materials include quartz, Rochelle salt, lead zirconate titanate (PZT4) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Piezoelectricity has many applications in regards to electrical transducers and signal devices. In this paper, the analytical solution is obtained for elastic-plastic stresses in a thin rotating disc formed of functionally graded piezoelectric material with varying compressibility and varying density for distinct angular velocity with internal pressure using Seth's transition theory. The distribution of the mechanical and electrical components can be precisely controlled by applying functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs). Transition theory assumes that a mid-zone (transition state) exists between elastic state and plastic state. A nonlinear Governing equation of the problem is formulated using equilibrium equation by substituting the values of stresses. For evaluation of transitional stresses, transition function R is assumed in terms of radial stresses and equations are solved analytically by considering the transition (critical points) of the differential equation. The investigation focuses on how the rotational velocity and internal pressure affects the radial and circumferential distribution of stresses. With the help of graphs and mathematical calculations, it is observed that both variable density and variable compressibility have significant effect on the performance of a functionally graded piezoelectric materials. Therefore, it can be concluded that an annular disc made up of functionally graded piezoelectric materials is safer than that of homogeneous piezoelectric materials for engineering design purposes.

A wireless neural recording microsystem with operator-based spike detection

We introduce an innovative approach that incorporates operator-based spike detection in wireless microsystems for neural signal processing. Through comparative analyses between simple thresholding and operator-based detection conducted on pre-recorded spike detection experiments, our research emphasizes the superiority of the operator-based spike detection approach. The operator-based spike detection emerges as a promising technique for miniaturized wireless neural signal devices, primarily due to its proficient noise-handling capabilities paired with reduced power consumption. Furthermore, its adaptability across various experimental conditions amplifies its versatility. Empirical tests underscored its low power requisites and compactness, emphasizing practical utility of the detection scheme in the neural microsystems. Collectively, our results mark a significant progression in wireless cerebral signal recording methodologies, paving the way for optimized wireless brain-machine interface (BMI) systems.

Off-line location strategy for single-phase ground fault of distribution line

This paper adopts off-line location strategy of single-phase grounding fault of distribution lines, determines size and frequency of injected AC signal by analyzing distribution parameters of lines, and then develops portable small current signal source with adjustable frequency through power conversion control technology, and develops signal detector by analyzing noise correlation and adaptive morphological filtering. Then off-line location strategy is developed according to above two signal devices. Finally, it is verified that the strategy can accurately locate fault point of distribution line.