Side Of Vertebra Research Articles

Not All Osteophytes Are Located on the Right Side of the Vertebrae in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: A Quantitative Analysis in Relation to the Position of Aorta.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is characterized by osteophytes in the anterior vertebrae, and the presence of aorta may have an impact on their formation. However, the anatomical positional relationship between the aorta and osteophytes in patients with DISH remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the position of osteophytes in relation to aorta in DISH, and the influence of aortic pulsation on the formation of osteophytes from the perspective of morphology. We conducted a retrospective review of 101 patients diagnosed with DISH and symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis between June 2018 and December 2021. A total of 637 segments with heterotopic ossification in DISH were used for quantitative measurements on CT scans. The Cartesian coordinate system was built up on the axial CT scans to reflect the relative position between aorta and osteophytes. Osteophytes were divided into adjacent aorta group (AD group) and non-adjacent aorta group (N-AD group). In terms of the morphology, osteophytes in the AD group were further divided into convex, flat, and concave types. The relative position between aorta and osteophytes, and the aorta-osteophyte distance and morphology of osteophytes were compared. Univariate analysis of variance was performed for multiple groups, and two independent-samples t-tests were used for two groups. From T5 to L4, aorta gradually descended from left side to middle of vertebrae, and osteophytes gradually shifted from right side of vertebrae (T5-T10) to bilateral sides (T11-L4). Of 637 osteophytes in DISH, 60.1% (383/637) were in AD group, including convex type 0.6% (4/637), flat type 34.7% (221/637), and concave type 24.8% (158/637). The N-AD group accounted for 39.9% (254/637). Flat osteophytes were concentrated in T5-T12, while concave osteophytes in T11-L4. Overall, the aorta-osteophyte distance of concave type was significantly smaller than that of flat type. Osteophytes are not always located on the right side of vertebrae, but move with the position of the descending aorta. Furthermore, the morphology of osteophytes varies by vertebral segment in DISH, which is related to aorta descending anteriorly in the spine.

Thoracic paravertebral involvement in patients withIgG4-related disease: CT and MR imaging findings.

To retrospectively evaluate CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging thoracic paravertebral findings at baseline and follow-up in patients with IgG4-related disease. The study consisted of 36 patients with IgG4-related disease involving thoracic paravertebral regions (32 men and four women; mean age, 58 years; range, 25-78 years). A total of 36 patients underwent CT or MR imaging at baseline; 20 patients underwent follow-up. CT and MR images were reviewed and analysed in consensus by two radiologists for the various features of thoracic paravertebral lesions. All lesions were located around two or more thoracic vertebrae, particularly the lower thoracic vertebrae (n = 36). The right side of vertebrae was predominantly affected in all cases (n = 36). Radiologically, IgG4-related thoracic paravertebral lesions were categorized into three types: solitary or multiple saddle-like masses type (32 patients); multiple nodules type (three patients); and invasively irregular mass type (three patients). All the types showed soft-tissue density on CT images, isointense on T1- and T2-weighted images, and homogeneous enhancement with penetration of small arteries in the lesions on contrast-enhanced CT and MR images. Steroid therapy administered to 20 patients dramatically diminished the mean maximum thickness in 18 patients. One patient with T7-12 vertebrae involved improved after steroid therapy. IgG4-related paravertebral lesions occur mainly around the right side of the lower thoracic vertebrae and manifest as three major patterns of CT and MR imaging findings. Recognition of these diagnostic features will assist in the diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related disease.

P5. Experimental study on the expression of growth factors in the vertebral growth plate and pedicle in severe idiopathic scoliosis

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Some scoliosis can progress to severe scoliosis with significant wedge deformities in the apex vertebra. Vertebral growth plate is closely related to the longitudinal growth of vertebral body, and the role of the growth factors expression in growth plate in the occurrence and development of severe spinal deformities has not been studied so far. PURPOSE To investigated the expression of multiple growth factors in the concave and convex vertebral growth plate and pedicle in severe idiopathic scoliosis. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A PATIENT SAMPLE Severe scoliosis and no significant cardiopulmonary dysfunction, no significant malnutrition, and no abnormal bone metabolism were included in this study. Congenital, neuromuscular, neurofibromatosis, connective tissue disease and syndrome scoliosis were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES The specimens were observed histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the differences of TGF, FGF, BMP and IGF expression. METHODS Severe scoliosis and no significant cardiopulmonary dysfunction, no significant malnutrition, and no abnormal bone metabolism were included in this study. Congenital, neuromuscular, neurofibromatosis, connective tissue disease and syndrome scoliosis were excluded. Growth plate and pedicle specimens of convex and concave side of the vertebra in the apical region were obtained during the PVCR. The specimens were observed histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the differences of TGF, FGF, BMP and IGF expression in the pedicle and growth plate of concave and convex side of the apex vertebra. Semi-quantitative analysis was carried out by immunohistochemical image analysis system. Statistical analysis was carried out on the results, with P RESULTS Ten patients (6 male, 4 female) were included in this study, with an average age of 17.6 years, and the apex vertebra was located between T6 to T12. The preoperative mean coronal deformity was 127.7° (96°-158°), and the sagittal deformity was 115° (85°-150°).The cells in the cartilage layer of the apex vertebral were disordered, the cartilage matrix was not uniform, and the concave side was thin. The fibrosis was aggravated in the matrix and accompanied by focal calcification. Some chondrocyte aggregation was observed. Bone density increased in the concave side of the pedicle. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that FGF, BMP and TGF had basically similar expression characteristics, and the expressions in the convex side of growth plate and pedicle of the apex were higher than the concave side, which had statistical significance(p CONCLUSIONS The expressions of growth factors in the growth plate and pedicle of the apex were different in patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis, and the imbalance of growth factor expression is one of the factors that cause significant deformity in such patients. Abnormal expression may lead to the significant development of the deformity, and the abnormal mechanical environment caused by the significant deformity in the later stage may jointly lead to the further development of the deformity. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

CT Findings of Thoracic Paravertebral Lesions in IgG4-Related Disease.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to characterize the CT findings of IgG4-related paravertebral lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We selected cases of IgG4-related paravertebral lesions that satisfied two inclusion criteria: first, lesions in patients with IgG4-related disease diagnosed by a multidisciplinary approach between April 2007 and June 2018; and, second, patients who had soft-tissue lesions in paravertebral regions on CT images. We added one case of an IgG4-related paravertebral lesion diagnosed pathologically in 2003. Finally, the study consisted of 30 patients (25 men and five women; median age, 69.5 years). We retrospectively evaluated the CT findings of the paravertebral lesions. RESULTS. A total of 31 paravertebral lesions were identified in 30 patients. All lesions were located around thoracic vertebrae, particularly the lower thoracic regions (n = 30). Twenty-six lesions (84%) involved two or more vertebrae in a row. The right side of vertebrae was predominantly affected in all cases except one (30/31 lesions). Radiologically, the paravertebral lesions were characterized as a bandlike, demarcated soft-tissue mass (mean maximum thickness, 8.7 mm) with homogeneous enhancement on late phase images of contrast-enhanced CT. All patients had IgG4-related lesions at other sites. Histologically, paravertebral lesions showed sclerosing inflammation consisting of diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations with many IgG4-positive plasma cells and irregular fibrosis. CONCLUSION. IgG4-related paravertebral lesions occur mainly in the right side of the lower thoracic vertebrae and present as a homogeneously enhanced bandlike mass corresponding to plasma cell-rich sclerosing inflammation.

Bilateral Duplex collecting system in Horse shoe kidney: An unusual association

A 17 years unmarried female presented to Gastroenterology Department of our hospital for nonspecific symptoms of epigastric pain. The Ultrasonographic examination of the patient re-vealed triple kidney with horseshoe anomaly. She was then referred to us for further evaluation. We further proceed with Intravenous Urography (IVU) which demonstrated a bilateral duplex system in a asymmetrical horseshoe kidney (L shaped fusion). Left side kidney was vertically placed while the right side kidney was horizontally placed. One of the moieties was on the right side of vertebral col-umn while the other moiety was overlying the ver-tebra and isthmus was on the left side of vertebra (Figure-1). A contrast enhanced computed tomog-raphy (CECT) scan confirmed the diagnosis of bilat-eral duplex system in horseshoe kidney (Figure-2). As the patient had non-specific, unrelated symp-toms, patient was give symptomatic treatment for the same and was advised regular follow-up. Du-plicated collecting systems (also known as duplex collecting systems) can be defined as renal units containing two pyelocaliceal systems that are as-sociated with a single ureter or with double ureters. The prevalence of Partial duplication is 0.6%, while complete duplication of ureters occurs in 0.2% of live births (1). When a single ureteral bud bifurcates before the ampulla bifurcates, a duplex kidney with a bifid renal pelvis or bifid ureter results (2). Con-genital anomalies of the kidneys include a group of so-called fusion anomalies, in which both kidneys are fused together in early embryonic life. Fusion anomalies of the kidneys can generally be placed into 2 categories: [1] horseshoe kidney and its vari-ants and [2] crossed fused ectopia. Horseshoe kid-ney is probably the most common fusion anomaly. The term horseshoe kidney refers to the appearance of the fused kidney, which results from fusion at one pole. Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly, the incidence being about 1

Existence of two separate facet joints on the same side: case of a congenital anomaly

We present a case that had two separate facet joints on the same side causing an intervertebral instability. The embryological pathogenesis of the congenital existence of two separate facet joints on the same side of the vertebra is not conclusively known. A 68-year-old woman presented with lower back pain and severe left leg pain. Neuroradiological evaluation including dynamic plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed the existence of two separate facet joints on the same side of the first sacral vertebra, severe degenerative changes of both right and left L5-S1 facet joints, and Grade II L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. Subsequently, she underwent surgery. Intraoperatively, two separate facet joints on the same side of the first sacral vertebra were confirmed. The patient's symptoms were resolved after decompression and fusion surgery. This is a unique case of the congenital existence of two separate facet joints on the same side of the first sacral vertebra.

Study on the structure of the air sacs in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) based on comparative observations with the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus), guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), common pheasant (Phasianuas colchicus), korean ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus karpowi) and indian peafowl (Povo cristatus)

This investigation was carried out to provide a comparative anatomical picture of the air sacs between the turkey and the other species of galliformes.The results obtained are summarized as follows.As for the connections between lung and air sacs, they were usually eight connections in the domestic fowl, guinea fowl, common pheasant, korean ringnecked pheasant and indian peafowl. The connections in the turkey were usually five. No direct connection of no. 2 posterior ventral secondary bronchus to the posterior thoracic air sac, and direct connection of no. 3 anterior dorsal secondary bronchus and the connections by primary bronchus of a few tertiary bronchi formed by branches of no. 1, 2 and 4 anterior dorsal secondary bronchi to the interclavicular air sac were observed as compared with those in other species.The cervical air sac of the turkey connected to no. 1 anterior dorsal secondary bronchus, and it connected with m. longus colli on the dorsal side and with oesophagus on the ventral side. The system was the same in the other birds of the galliformes. The cervical air sac of the turkey, however, united strongly with interclavicular air sac, where situated in the both sides between the 13th and the 16th of vertebrae. The interclavicular air sac of the turkey extended to the sternal part of costae, which existed the anterior thoracic air sac in the birds of the galliformes except the turkey.In the turkey, no posterior thoracic air sac which connected to no. 2 posterior ventral secondary bronchus was seen, and the anterior thoracic air sac was observed in the same region.The diverticula, interpectoral, axillary and others in the turkey, connected to the interclavicular air sac at the part of dorsal side of pneumatic foramen of coracoideum.In the turkey air sacs were six as total, cervical (single), interclavicular (single), anteriorthoracic (paired) and abdominal air sac (paired) as compared with those of the other species which were eight (in the case of single cervical air sac) or nine (in the case of paired cervical air sac).In the method of latex, the supramedulla sacs of the turkey which communicated into the canalisvertebralis through the for. intervertebrale from the air sacs of the out side of vertebrae were not always continued in the canalis vertebralis.No existance of the supramedulla sacs was noticed in the canalis vertebralis of synsacrum.In the adult turkey, bones which communicated with air sacs were vertebrae, costae, sternum. coracoideum, scapula, humerus and os coxae.There was no sign of the air sac in the os femoris of turkey, domestic fowl and guinea fowl, having no pneumatic foramen. In the common pheasant, korean ring necked pheasant, otherwise, the air sac communicated into the os femoris in the existence of pneumatic foramen.