Side Of Floor Research Articles

Experimental research on creep characteristics and failure mechanism of mining roadway in nearly vertical coal seams

Introduction: Nearly vertical coal seams present a significant challenge for the coal mining industry due to their difficult accessibility. However, these seams account for a substantial proportion of the world’s coal reserves. Therefore, it is vital to conduct research on disaster control techniques for safe mining of these seams.Method: The research team used experimental research, theoretical analysis, and numerical calculation methods to investigate the creep characteristics and failure mechanisms of layered sandstone roadway in nearly vertical coal seam.Results and discussion: These findings revealed that the maximum moment and concentrated stress of the sandstone located on the side of the roadway roof was positioned in the middle of the nearly vertical structure, making it more susceptible to transverse shear failure. On the other hand, the nearly vertical structure on the floor side was prone to shear slip failure initiated from the bottom of the structure. This led to the asymmetric instability of the roadway. The practical implications of this research are significant for the safe mining of nearly vertical coal seams. The results could help inform the development of disaster control techniques.

Analisis Pengaruh Clearance terhadap Hasil Potong pada Proses Stamping Produk Member Floor Side Inner LH

The development of production demands in the automotive industry has resulted in an increase in the need for various shapes and types of metal materials. Components used in automotive industrial production require the strength and durability of metal materials. The products produced in this sector are very diverse, including engine components, vehicle body parts and various vehicle accessories. To be able to meet customer demands for quality and efficiency, adequate production process support tools are needed, of course, such as dies. This tool is very suitable for making products from sheet metal with the same shape and in large quantities in a relatively short time. However, in making printing equipment (Dies) it does not require operation, it requires precise calculations so that accurate process results will be obtained, especially in calculations and clearance accuracy. Efforts to improve quality and efficiency in the product manufacturing process, for this reason, an analysis and improvement of the clearance of the cut results on SPC440 material with a thickness of 1 mm for the Member Floor Side Inner Lh product was carried out. The results of the improvement in the clearance of the part were able to optimize the clearance value from 0.06mm to 0.075mm.

A trap for hetmanych: the suceavian campaign of T. Khmelnytskyi (1653)

The article deals with the problems of difficult relations between the Moldavian prince Vasile Lupu and the Zaporozhzhia Army after the start of the War of Liberation in Ukraine under the leadership of Hetman B. Khmelnytskyi against Polish domination.The conclusion of a forced alliance, sealed in 1652 by the marriage of Vasile Lupu’s daughter Ruksandra and B. Khmelnytskyi’s son Tymofii, later led to a political crisis within the principality and confrontation with the rulers of neighboring Wallachia and Transylvania in the international arena. Due to the rebellion of the discontented boyars, led by the great logothete Gheorghe Ștefan, who were supported by the prince of Wallachia Matei Basarab and the prince of Transylvania George II Rákóczi, in the spring of 1653 Vasile Lupu briefly lost power, but soon returned the throne with the help of the Cossacks of hetmanych T. Khmelnytskyi. However, the attempt of the prince of Moldavia to use the armed forces of his son-in-law for a joint campaign to seize the possessions of his rival Matei Basarab ended with the defeat of the Moldavian-Cossack army at Finta in Wallachia and the coming to power in Moldavia of Gheorghe Ștefan, who occupied Iasi and blocked the Suceava fortress, where Vasile Lupu’s wife closed herself. T. Khmelnytskyi again arrived at the head of the Cossack army to help the besieged in Moldova. His appearance near Suceava in August 1653 led to the ruin of this territory. Having made his way to the besieged and having organized a fortified camp with the Cossacks on the floor side of the fortress, the hetmanych found himself in a trap, being finally blocked upon the arrival in Suceava of the fresh forces of voivode Gheorghe Ștefan with contingents of Transylvanians, Wallachians and Poles. The Cossacks, besieged under the castle, were actively defending in the hope of helping the main forces of Hetman B. Khmelnytskyi, and also waiting for the Tatars recruited by Vasile Lupu. However, help did not arrive in time, and hunger, attacks, shelling and the death of T. Khmelnytskyi from a wound forced the Cossack garrison in early October to capitulate with honour to the allied forces, on the terms of free departure to Ukraine with the body of hetmanych.In general, the defence of Suceava in 1653 became the final episode of the Moldavian campaigns of Bohdan and Tymofii Khmelnytskyi (1650, 1653). After the death of his son and the surrender of Suceava, B. Khmelnytskyi lost interest in affairs in the Danube principalities and orientation towards Portа, placing further hopes in the fight against the Commonwealth on Moscow. The Hetman’s matchmaker, the former prince Vasile Lupu, having lost all hope of regaining the throne of Moldavia, ended up in a foreign land, being imprisoned in Istanbul, and the principality of Moldavia, which he involved in an alliance with the Cossacks, remained in the future a territory of military activity of neighbours, experiencing ruin.

Металлургический «завод» раннего железного века в Уральских горах

The authors describe the westernmost metallurgical center of the 5th—2nd centuries BC left by the aboriginal Itkul’ culture of the forest Trans-Urals in 8th/7th—3rd/2 nd centuries BC. It was founded in the upper reaches of the Ufa river, in Serny Klyuch tract, on top of a high (20—25 m) limestone rock with three steep edges, on the ruins of sites and settlements of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age. After the construction of the first copper-smelting complexes, the site of the settlement from the floor side was fenced with a log defensive wall with an external moat 40—42 m long. The ancient settlement is miniature, with an area of about 1,000 sq. m. Two excavations (502 sq. m) explored half of the site and 26 m of the fortification line. The remains of 19 adobe blast furnaces, three adobe platforms for metal processing, several pits and fireplaces for melting metal, three industrial and residential buildings of a frame-and-pillar structure were uncovered. In addition to the clan of metallurgists of the aboriginal Itkul’ culture, the population of the settlement included small groups of newcomers: initially, the descendants of the taiga communities of the Gamayun culture, who migrated from the north, from the upper reaches of the Iset’ river, later — the bearers of the Gorokhovo culture, who fled from the Tobol region and the lower reaches of the Iset’ river under the pressure of the warlike Sargat tribes, the ancient ancestors of the Hungarians who came from the east, from the Ishim-Irtysh forest-steppe. Traces of full cycle metallurgical production were revealed on the site — from copper smelting to casting and forging of finished products. The main part of non-ferrous metal produced by metallurgists of the mountain-forestry Trans-Urals was intended for export to neighboring and more distant territories. A blank of an iron knife-dagger found in one of the furnaces, and a series of Itkul’ iron products found in other places, confirm the hypothesis of the emergence of its own ferrous metallurgy in the forests of the Middle Urals around the 5 th—4 th centuries BC.

Perception of Stakeholders for Meat Qualities among Value Chain Actors in Ethiopia.

Perception is the knowledge of an individual/group gained from experience and impressions of the ideal situation. Ethiopian livestock marketing has a different stage and large actors. However, in the flow chain, there is less communication. Because they only perceive for their benefit rather than care for a quality product. This happened because the production mapping was not understood among them. The majority of producers fetch too old animals after being culled from production and those that might be abnormal due to disease and chronic stress. Traders transport mixed animals through nondedicated vehicles and long trekking without feeding and watering. Abattoir men worked with poor facilities. They perceived that the time stay animals in Lairage, breeding, bleeding, and carcass handling is the major problem in meat quality in Ethiopia. The slaughtering has been conducted in brutal ways of stunning using either a hammer or knife at the atlanto-occipital space of the animal on the floor side by side. The majority of butchers in Ethiopia are located on the main road for their products to be easily displayed to clients, and they hang meat on the open shelf without packing, which exposes the product to aerobic spoilage by bacteria and yeasts. Traders/brokers are promoting the product based on the commission they earn rather than the quality and health of the animals. However, as a principle, each actor has a responsibility to manage risk as they benefit socially and economically from firms. Government entities should play an important role in shaping actors' perceptions and understanding of biosecurity measures. Mainly, the interventions should focus on improving business models and technological adoption. This model is used for improving vertical relationships among operational actors, horizontal relationships with logistics providers, and market promotion measures to attract foreign direct investors and importers, transforming traditional practices of animal husbandry into commercial ones. Because a key activity for each value chain actor is availing of the final product safely at the right place and time. The review was designed to convey information to enhance the linkage between meat value chain actors and optimize management skills in Ethiopia.

Roof Fractures of Near-Vertical and Extremely Thick Coal Seams in Horizontally Grouped Top-Coal Drawing Method Based on the Theory of a Thin Plate

During the mining process of the near-vertical seam, there will be movement and collapse of the “roof side” rock layer and the “overlying coal seam,” as well as the emergence of the “floor side” rock layer roof which is more complicated than the inclined and gently inclined coal seams, which causes problems with slippage or overturning damage. With the increase of the inclination of the coal seam, the impact of the destruction of the immediate roof on the stope and roadway gradually becomes prominent, while the impact of the destruction of the basic roof on the stope and the roadway gradually weakens. The destruction of the immediate roof of the near-vertical coal seam will cause a large area of coal and rock mass to suddenly rush to the working face and the two lanes, resulting in rapid deformation of the roadway, overturning of equipment, overturning of personnel, and even severe rock pressure disaster accidents, all of which pose a serious threat to coal mine safety and production. It is necessary to carry out research on the mechanical response mechanism of the immediate roof of near-upright coal seams, to analyse the weighting process of steeply inclined thick coal seam sub-level mining. A four fixed support plate model and top three clamped edges simply supported plate model for roof stress distribution are established before the first weighting of the roof during the upper and lower level mining process. The bottom three clamped edges simply supported plate model and two adjacent edges clamped on the edge of a simply supported plate model are established for roof stress distribution before periodic weighting of the roof during the upper and lower level mining process. The Galerkin method is used to make an approximate solution of deflection equation under the effect of sheet normal stress, and then roof failure criterion is established based on the maximum tensile stress strength criterion and generalized Hooke law. This paper utilizes FLAC3D finite element numerical simulation software, considering the characteristics of steeply inclined thick coal seam sub-level mining. It undertakes orthogonal numerical simulation experiment in three levels with different depths, coal seam angles, lateral pressure coefficient, and orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress, and translates roof stress of corresponding 9 simulation experiment into steeply inclined roof normal stress. We conclude that the distribution law of normal stress along dip and dip direction of a roof under the circumstance of different advancing distances and different sub-levels. The caving pace of first weight and periodical weight were counted under the effect of the roof uniform normal stress. It can better predict the weighting situation of the working face and ensure the safe, efficient, and sustainable mining of coal mines.

Study on Mechanism of Rock Burst in Horizontal Section Mining of a Steeply Inclined Extra-Thick Coal Seam

Abstract With the increase of mining depth, rock burst disasters frequently occur in steeply inclined coal seams. Firstly, this paper analyzes the rock burst of 5521-20 working face in Yaojie No. 3 coal mine and summarizes the characteristics of rock burst in horizontal section mining of steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam (SIETCS). Then, the static load distribution characteristics and the influence of dynamic load in the horizontal section mining of SIETCS are systematically studied by combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation. On this basis, the mechanism of rock burst in horizontal section mining of SIETCS is put forward, verified by actual measurement. The results show that the SIETCS is “clamped” under the combined action of the same change trend of roof and floor. The maximum principal stress peak values on the roof and floor sides reach 22.0 MPa and 20.5 MPa. The maximum shear stress earned 8.7 MPa and 8.4 MPa, which makes the shear stress concentration in the coal body high and tends to “shear dislocation.” Under this “shear-clamping” action, an approximate “trapezoidal” plastic zone and a “rectangular” stress concentration zone are formed under the section. With the increase of mining depth, the “shear-clamping” action of SIETCS becomes more and more intense. When the roof cantilever reaches the ultimate span and breaks, the intense dynamic load increases the shear stress and failure of coal, which is easy to induce rock burst. The superimposed load greatly affects the area from the roof side to the middle of the working face, and the rock burst is intense. The rock burst is weak on the floor side due to the pressure relief of the surrounding plastic zone. The monitoring results show that the supports pressure and MS events activity on the roof side and near the middle part of the working face is considerable, while the floor side is opposite, which verifies the research results.

Study on mechanism and improvement technology of Top coal loss in horizontal sublevel fully mechanized caving mining

In view of solving the problems of large top coal loss and low recovery rate in the traditional caving process of horizontal section fully mechanized caving mining, taking the fully mechanized caving face of steeply inclined and extra-thick coal seam in Yimen Coal Mine as the engineering background and the research method of numerical simulation and field measurement was used to study the coal gangue flow characteristics under different coal caving directions and different number of coal caving ports at the bottom plate side, revealing the mechanism of top coal loss and proposing the technology to improve the recovery rate. The results show that the action time of top gangue and the ‘ rotation ‘ of coal gangue flow in the triangle coal area jointly promote the release of triangle coal in the bottom plate, which makes the coal gangue interface steeper and the release rate higher when the coal is released in the lateral direction of the bottom plate; adjusting the number of opening coal mouths when the initial coal caving at the floor side can coordinate the top coal caving speed, gangue down-channeling speed and the closing time of the coal caving mouth. When the first coal caving opens two coal caving mouths, the recovery rate of bottom triangular coal is the highest. Yimen Coal Mine adopted the floor lateral roof side caving and double-mouth caving technology. Compared with the original scheme, the top coal recovery rate of the working face increased by 3%, and the top coal recovery rate of the floor triangle area increased by 7%.

Spatial Analysis of the Zolotarevka Fortified Settlement Structures

The article examines the structures of the Zolotarevka fortified settlement (a medieval fortress in the upper reaches of the Sura River, Penza region), both from the points of view of building technologies and of spatial analysis. The zones of residential buildings and zones of economic and industrial structures were identified. The buildings themselves were located chaotically along the territory of the fortified settlement but were tied to internal roads. The average size of residential buildings was 4×3 m, and the economic – 2×2 m. Usually the pockets for cooking were located next to the side and fenced with wattle. Among the features two long structures (barracks) with a rammed platform between them may be singled out. The study of these materials also made it possible to identify the traditions of Ancient Russia and Volga Bulgaria. Particular attention is paid by the authors to the defensive structures that were formed over the years from 10th to 13th centuries and retain a number of unique elements. First of all, these were trapping pits located in a checkerboard pattern on the floor side of the settlement as well as coating the ditch with clay and internal paths along the rampart. To summarize, these facts make the Zolotarevka fortified settlement a reference monument of the medieval history of Eastern Europe.

Study of Auto-Inflating and Deflating Air Bed for Phototherapy Treatment of Infants

<p>This document provides an itemized investigation of the Phototherapy Air bed designed and curated to maximize the comfort level of phototherapy treatment of new born babies. Phototherapy bed is normally hard for infants and opaque, which restrict the ultra violet light from floor side to hit the babies back side. Thus doesn’t give comfort to the babies which causes them unrest during the treatment and decreases the efficiency of the breakdown of bilirubin by bili-lights and thus results in bad or inefficient treatment. Beds had been designed like gel-pads and bubble wrap to give them comfort and increase the exposure of lights on neonatal but hadn’t been that much successful due to their difficulty in application. Thus we had designed a very comfortable and easily equitable air bed which smoothly changes the pressure points of babies while they lay on it and gives them maximum comfort like a home bed which eliminates their random motion on the bed surface and also enhance the body surface area to exposure of Ultra- Violet Rays which maximizes efficiency of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and eases treatment of neonatal jaundice.</p>

Experimental investigation for dynamic instability of coal-rock masses in horizontal section mining of steeply inclined coal seams

The rockburst in steeply inclined coal seams (SICSs) is a typical dynamic instability event in coal-rock masses under dynamic and static loads. Existing physical experimental studies mainly investigate the quasi-static failure characteristics of coal-rock masses and lack physical experimental data gathered under applied dynamic loads, thus failing to reveal the full nature of the mechanism driving such a rockburst. On this basis, the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of dynamic instability in SICSs were explored by conducting similar simulation experiments under dynamic and static loads. The results show that, under the compound influence of increasing dynamic loading intensity and decreasing distance from the dynamic loading source to the stope, the extent and severity of dynamic damage were aggravated correspondingly, and the characteristic parameters of displacements and accelerations varied non-linearly. The peak values and scope of influences of mining-induced stresses, degree of dynamic damage, and dynamic deformation of coal masses at the roof side were all greater than those at the floor side for the same sub-level; meanwhile, the rockburst also occurred inside the coal masses at the roof side, which reflected the asymmetry of the stress state and dynamic instability in SICSs. The vibration displacements at the roof side instantaneously reached a peak and the accelerations rapidly declined only after a single fluctuation during the rockburst, which revealed the explosive nature of such rockbursts. By contrast, the significant growth in the characteristic parameters of displacements and accelerations could reflect the remarkable destructiveness of rockbursts. This study may eventually lead to an experimental methodology for researching rockburst mechanisms in horizontal section mining of SICSs.

Sialolithiasis in a 19 year old male: A case report

Sialolithiasis is a condition characterized by the obstruction of a salivary gland or its excretory duct due to the formation of calcareous concretions, resulting in salivary ectasia and subsequent dilatation of the salivary gland. This disease is mostly seen in adults or young adults, and seldom develops in children with submandibular gland duct being the most common site. This case report describes a 19 year old patient presenting with pain and swelling in right side of floor of mouth. Sialolithiasis of right submandibular gland was diagnosed based on clinical and radiographic examination. The sialolith was removed under local anesthesia. Keywords: Sialolithiasis, Submandibular gland, Intraductal, Intraglandular, Sialo-MRI, Lithotripsy.

Comprehensive analysis of dynamic instability characteristics of steeply inclined coal-rock mass

As an important source of energy and strategic commodities, coal is closely related with national economy, social development, and national security. This paper aims at stability control of coal-rock mass in steeply inclined coal seams roadway of Wudong coal mine in Urumqi mining area in Western China. Field survey and theoretical analysis are applied to gain theoretical criterion of dynamic instability of layer rock mass. Numerical calculation, physical simulation, and field monitoring are adopted to comprehensively analyze spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of layer rock mass around roadway influenced by structural anisotropy. Results show that deformation and instability of layer rock mass on the roof side of roadway begins with synthetic bucking, which occurs in the middle position of excavated free face. In addition, deformation and instability on the floor side begins with shearing slip in the bottom corner. Furthermore, numerical calculation shows that horizontal spans of the dynamic instability district on the roof and floor side are 2.1 m and 1.7 m respectively. Physical simulation shows that stress-concentrated areas on the roof and floor side are located in the middle and foot position respectively, the horizontal distance between the stress-concentrated area on the roof and the excavated free face is 1.2 m, and the one on the floor side is 0.8 m. Support modes and parameters are optimized based on analysis. Site monitoring shows that the maximum cumulative convergence of roadway is 39.2 cm, deformation rate is reduced by 82.2%, and dynamic instability disasters of the steeply inclined coal seams are effectively controlled, which has made contribution for energy science and social economy construction.

A case report on meal time syndrome

<p class="abstract">Sialolithiasis is the formation of calculi within the parenchyma of salivary gland or its duct. These cases present with pain and swelling of salivary gland. The exact aetiology of salivary stones is not completely understood and various hypotheses have been put forward. They include agglomeration of sialomicroliths, anatomical variations of salivary ducts and altered biochemical composition of saliva. Here we are reporting a case of 45 year old gentleman with a giant sialolithiasis in submandibular region. He came with pain and pus discharge from left side of floor of mouth for one week. On inspection a bludge was seen in left side of floor of mouth. On bimanual palpation, a stony hard mass was felt which was tender and not mobile. Under local anaesthesia surgical removal of stone done. Sialoliths are equally distributed between left and right side of the oral cavity. Mean size of sialolith is reported as six to nine mm and they infrequently measure more than 1.5 cm. The majority of salivary calculi is formed from phosphate and oxalate salts. Sialography allows whole duct system to be visualised, demonstrating calculi of all sizes and also the glandular percentage. Sialodochotomy is a well-reported technique for the intra-oral removal of ductal stones, including giant calculi. Giant sialolith is a rare entity worth reporting. Though conventional methods are still useful for diagnosis and therapy many innovative techniques are evolving around it.</p><p> </p>

Effect of Chronic Inflammatory Pain on Rewarding Effects of Morphine in Male versus Female Rats

Morphine and other opioid analgesics are widely used to treat both acute and chronic pain conditions. While they are effective pain‐relievers, their action at the μ‐opioid receptor means that they are also rewarding, and their use can lead to addiction. Previous research indicates that pain may reduce the rewarding effects of morphine. In this study, we sought to compare morphine potency and efficacy to produce a conditioned place preference (CPP, a measure of reward) between rats that were in chronic pain and rats that were not. Because sex differences in morphine's rewarding and antinociceptive effects have been demonstrated, both male and female rats were conditioned using a three‐day conditioning paradigm. On day one, rats could freely explore both sides of the two‐sided conditioning apparatus. The sides differed in color (black versus white walls) and floor type (bars versus wire grid); the sides were divided by a small section of smooth metal on which the animal was initially placed. Time spent on each side of the apparatus and number of crosses between sides in 15 min were recorded. Then mineral oil vehicle or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) was injected into one hind paw. On day two, rats underwent two conditioning trials 6 h apart wherein morphine treatment was paired with one side of the apparatus and saline was paired with the other. Morphine was administered s.c. at doses of 0.0, 0.1, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 5.6 or 10.0 mg/kg to male and female rats (and 18.0 mg/kg was tested in females only), and then rats were immediately placed into one side of the apparatus for 30 min. Saline was administered before the second conditioning trial, after which rats were restricted to the opposite side of the apparatus for 30 min. On the third day, rats could explore the entire apparatus for 15 min, and time spent on each side, midline crosses, and paw thickness were recorded. Preliminary data show that, consistent with previous research, morphine treatment does not affect CFA‐induced inflammation. However, in both male and female rats, a single conditioning trial with morphine dose‐dependently induced place preference. Compared to control rats treated with intraplantar mineral oil, the peak place preference in CFA‐treated rats was shifted toward lower doses of morphine – however, morphine CPP varied significantly by the side of the apparatus that was paired with morphine, particularly in CFA‐treated rats. Specifically, greater place preference was observed when morphine was paired with the black wall/grid floor side than with the white wall/bar floor side. With approximately 75% of rats tested, no sex differences are apparent. These results suggest that rats with inflammatory pain experience rewarding effects from morphine differently than do healthy animals. Clinically, these results are of interest because they suggest that morphine's rewarding effects are not only affected by pain, but also by environment/context, particularly when subjects are in chronic pain.Support or Funding InformationSupported by The Psychopharmacology FundThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Determination of Critical Conditions of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in Longwall Gob Areas / Wyznaczanie Warunków Krytycznych Samozapalania Węgla W Zrobach Ścian

Abstract Decades of experience in the fight against endogenous fire hazard in coal mines indicate a major influence of certain conditions in a given area of the mine on the possibility of fire occurrence, such as: susceptibility of coals to spontaneous combustion, oxygen content in the air incoming to the self-heating coal, conditions of heat exchange between the self-heating coal mass and the environment This paper presents a numerical method for determining the critical conditions of spontaneous combustion of coal in longwall gob areas, i.e. conditions under which spontaneous combustion may occur. It has been assumed that crushed coal in the gob has a shape of a flat layer adjacent from the roof and floor side to the rocks. Our considerations have been limited to coals containing small amount of moisture. A simple model of oxidation kinetics on the coal surface expressed by the Arrhenius equation has been adopted. This model assumes that oxidation rate is independent of the amount of oxygen absorbed by coal. The rate of reaction depends only on temperature, with the parameters of the equation changing after the coal has reached the critical temperature. The article presents also a mathematical model of spontaneous heating of the coal layer in the gob area. It describes the heat balance in the coal as well as the oxygen and heat balance in the flowing gases. The model consists of a system of differential equations which are solved using numerical techniques. The developed computer program enables to perform the relevant calculations. In this paper, on the example of coal from a seam 405, we present the method for determining the following critical parameters of the layer of crushed coal: thickness of the layer, oxygen content in a stream of gases flowing through the layer and thermal conductivity of surrounding rocks.

Thorn-Shape Waveform and Double-Strike Phenomenon Seen in the Impact Force of Soft Materials

In the impact tests of soft materials, we sometimes observe a thorn shape in the rising segment of the impact force waveform. However, the reason for the occurrence of the thorn shape has not been made clear. In this study, thorn-shape waveforms of several soft materials are measured using compact drop test equipment under the condition of a flat frontal impact. A flat frontal impact is the condition where a drop hammer with a flat bottom surface strikes a plate-like soft material in the normal direction. Synchronized impact forces are measured using two sensors installed on both the drop hammer side and the floor side. The examined soft materials are a sponge sheet, sponge rubber sheet, gel sheet, rubber sheet, flat oil clay, low-rebound urethane foam, cork sheet, sliced ham, pork ham steak, and pork. Based on the test results, the features of the thorn-shape waveforms are discussed from a bird’s-eye view. Furthermore, the occurrence mechanism of the thorn-shape waveforms is discussed from the viewpoint of viscosity discontinuity and the double-strike phenomenon.

Identifying Roadway Surface Disruptions Based on Accelerometer Patterns

In developed countries large-scale technology is used for the monitoring and management of road infrastructure. Sensor networks together with surveillance cameras help identify elements disturbing cars' mobility. On the contrary, in developing countries, the lack of this level of infrastructure makes the task of roads' maintenance and traffic control challenging. The presence of roadway surface disruptions (RSDs), in particular, affects the economy and reputation of individuals and companies. Urban computing strategies can be adopted to collect data about the presence of RSDs and be applied to monitor traffic related issues. The implementation of such level of navigation assistance could help save freight and money to companies and authorities, and even reduce cars' accidents. In this direction, current mobile technologies can help with the identification and location of road imperfections alerting drivers about alternative routes. In this paper we present our work that seeks to enable citizens' cars as road watchers. By means of the mobile phones' acceleration sensing capabilities we are identifying and tagging the presence of RSDs. Using Android-based devices situated on the copilot floor side of a car, 5 Mbytes of road information has been collected. We run a series of experiments aiming to differentiate acceleration patterns associated to potholes, speed bumps, metal humps and rough roads. Currently, the classification of disruptions is being experimented with techniques from the field of Machine Learning (ML) such as artificial neuronal networks and logistic regression. Classification of individual events is over 86% of accuracy that is competitive with those reported in the literature. In this work we provide the first public dataset that could be used by other researchers to offer more insight in this problem.

Management strategies of intercavernous sinus bleeding during transsphenoidal surgery

Transsphenoidal surgery has been well established as an effective primary treatment for tumours of the sellar region. During the dural opening, the prominent intercavernous sinus poses limitations for this approach and may contribute to incomplete tumour resections. Based on our experience from 940 cases of conventional transsphenoidal surgery, we have developed a stepwise protocol for achieving bleeding control in 72 cases (7.7%) that had prominent anterior intercavernous sinus. A custom-made 45-degree right- or left-angled bipolar coagulator (38 cases) or Landolt bipolar coagulator (29 cases; Aesculp, Tuttlingen, Germany) was inserted into the small dural opening, and both of the dural layers were coagulated together so that the potential space between the endoosteal layer and meningeal layer could be sealed, and the dural opening could be extended. When the anterior portion of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus was accidentally opened, we then placed a small piece of oxidised regenerated cellulose (Surgicel; Johnson & Johnson, North Yorkshire, UK) at the opening of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus and coagulated both dural layers together starting from the sellar floor side with a custom-made 45-degree angled bipolar coagulator. For the relatively large opening of the cavernous sinus, a microfibrillar collagen haemostat (Avitene; MedChem Products, Woburn, MA) or fleece-coated fibrin glue (TachoComb; Nycomed Austria, Linz, Austria) patch was applied over the opened cavernous sinus with gentle compression and was found to be effective in most cases. Rarely, direct suture of the opened medial wall of the cavernous sinus was necessary in five cases. We describe a stepwise approach to overcome unusual bleedings from the prominent intercavernous sinus during conventional transsphenoidal surgery. Our surgical experience reveals that these methods can be very effective for the control of sinus bleeding.

口底部異所性甲状腺の１例

We report a 61-year-old man with ectopic thyroid tissue in the left side of the oral floor. He had a painless and elastic hard mass suspected to be a sublingualgland tumor in the left side of the floor of the mouth. On MRI, the mass clearlyshowed low density areas on T1 and T2 images. On dynamic studies, the mass was enhanced in the early stage, suggesting a malignant tumor. On plain CT, however, the lesion was high density as compared with the muscles, and there was no thyroid gland in the normal position. Then, thyroid scintigraphy (99mTc O4-, 201T1-Cl, and 123I) was performed and confirmed that there was no uptake in the neck, but in the left side of oral floor. Thyroid function test results were within the normal range. We diagnosed the mass to be ectopic thyroid tissue. This patient was followed without treatment for about 3 years.