Side-lying Hip Abduction Research Articles

Electromyography (EMG) Analysis of Multi-Regional Lower Extremity and Trunk Musculature During Sidelying Hip Abduction With Frontal Plane Stabilization.

Sidelying hip abduction (SHA) is a common exercise utilized in rehabilitation to strengthen thegluteus medius (GMed). Alterations in the exercise can produce different patterns of muscularactivity. No studies have examined the effect of mechanical pelvic stabilization during SHA.This study enrolled 19 participants (male = 11, female = 8) who performed the same SHA exercise under two randomized conditions: standard and with a mechanical block to prevent frontal-plane movement. Electromyographic amplitudes during exercise were obtained through surface electrodes and compared against maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) testing: GMed, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, tensor fascia latae, quadratus lumborum, and vastus lateralis. While no significant differences were found in GMedactivity during SHA with or without pelvic stabilization, reduced concomitant activation of other musculature was observed, potentially producing a more isolated exercise for the GMed with lesscompensatory activity.

Effect of side-sling plank exercise on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius weakness.

The effectiveness of side-sling plank (SSP) exercises on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius (Gmed) weakness is unclear. To quantify muscle activation of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), lumbar multifidus (LM), Gmed, gluteus maximus (Gmax), and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) during SSP with three different hip rotations compared to side-lying hip abduction (SHA) exercise in subjects with Gmed weakness. Twenty-two subjects with Gmed weakness were recruited. SHA and three types of SSP exercises were performed: SSP with neutral hip (SSP-N), hip lateral rotation (SSP-L), and hip medial rotation (SSP-M). Surface electromyography was used to measure the activation of the trunk and hip muscles. The trunk and hip muscles activations were generally significantly higher level during three SSP than SHA. SSP-M showed significantly lower EO activation while significantly higher ES and LM activation than SSP-L. Gmed activation was significantly higher during SSP-M than during SSP-L. TFL activation was significantly lower during SSP-M than during SSP-N and SSP-L. SSP could be prescribed for patients who have reduced Gmed strength after injuries. Especially, SSP-M could be applied for patients who have Gmed weakness with dominant TFL.

Hip abduction machine is better than free weights to target the gluteus medius while minimizing tensor fascia latae activation

IntroductionChanges in the lower extremities’ biomechanics are associated with gluteus medius (GMed) weakness and increased tensor fascia latae (TFL) activation. ObjectiveTo determine which exercises produce greater GMed activity while minimizing TFL activation during the concentric and eccentric phases of three single-joint strengthening exercises. DesignControlled laboratory study. SettingLaboratory. ParticipantsEleven males (age: 29.18 ± 4.51 years; body mass: 84.01 ± 14.48 kg; height: 1.74 ± 0.07 m; body fat: 16.34 ± 3.33%). Main outcome measuresGMed and TFL activation and activation ratio while performing ten maximal repetitions of three exercises: side-lying hip abduction (SLHA); clamshell (CLAM) and hip abductor machine (HAM). ResultsGMed activation was greater than TFL in all exercises in both concentric and eccentric phases. There were no differences in GMed activation between the three exercises in both phases. TFL activation was greater in SLHA compared to HAM and CLAM during both phases. In both concentric and eccentric phases, GMed:TFL ratio was greater in HAM compared to CLAM and SLHA. ConclusionsGMed had increased activation compared to TFL in all analyzed exercises. Considering GMed:TFL ratio, if the goal is to preferentially activate GMed while minimizing TFL activation, the hip abductor machine seems to be the best exercise.

Towards rehabilitation at home after total knee replacement

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an avatar-based interactive system that facilitates rehabilitation for people who have received total knee replacement surgeries. The system empowers patients to carry out exercises prescribed by a clinician at the home settings more effectively. Our system helps improve accountability for both patients and clinicians. The primary sensing modality is the Microsoft Kinect sensor, which is a depth camera that comes with a Software Development Kit (SDK). The SDK provides access to 3-dimensional skeleton joint positions to software developers, which significantly reduces the challenges in developing accurate motion tracking systems, especially for use at home. However, the Kinect sensor is not well-equipped to track foot orientation and its subtle movements. To overcome this issue, we augment the system with a commercial off-the-shelf Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The two sensing modalities are integrated where the Kinect serves as the primary sensing modality and the IMU is used for exercises where Kinect fails to produce accurate measurement. In this pilot study, we experiment with four rehabilitation exercises, namely, quad set, side-lying hip abduction, straight raise leg, and ankle pump. The Kinect is used to assess the first three exercises, and the IMU is used to assess the ankle pump exercise.

Is it appropriate to use external loads during side-lying hip abduction exercise for weakened gluteus medius?

Side-lying hip abduction exercise could be beneficial to improve the neuromuscular control of the hip abductor; however, there has been limited information available to determine the exercise load during the exercise. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of using external loads on the hip abductor muscles during side-lying hip abduction exercises in females with gluteus medius (GM) weakness. This study enrolled 24 females with weakness in the GM. Electromyographic (EMG) data of the quadratus lumborum (QL) and GM muscles were recorded during the exercise under three load conditions: no-load, external load-1 (3% of body weight), and external load-2 (5% of body weight). During the exercise, the EMG activities of the QL were significantly different under all three conditions (p< 0.05), with greater activity observed in the external load-2 condition (92.05 ± 65.93% maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) as compared to the others, and in the external load-1 condition (82.47 ± 57.36% MVIC) as compared to the no-load condition (48.94 ± 45.09% MVIC). Furthermore, the GM/QL ratios showed significant differences between no-load (1.78 ± 1.47) and external load-1 conditions (0.93 ± 0.60), and between no-load and external load-2 (0.85 ± 0.45) conditions (p< 0.05). These findings suggest that greater load could be a factor to increase the QL activity during the exercise in females with weakened GM.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF COMMON THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES THAT GENERATE HIGHEST MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND GLUTEUS MINIMUS SEGMENTS.

The gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus minimus (GMin) muscle segments demonstrate different responses to pathology and ageing, hence it is important in rehabilitation that prescribed therapeutic exercises can effectively target the individual segments with adequate exercise intensity for strengthening. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether common therapeutic exercises generate at least high ( > 40% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)) electromyographic (EMG) activity in the GMed (anterior, middle and posterior) and GMin (anterior and posterior) segments. Seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AusSPORT, PEDro, SPORTdiscus and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to May 2018 for terms relating to gluteal muscle, exercise, and EMG. The search yielded 6918 records with 56 suitable for inclusion. Quality assessment, data extraction and data analysis were then undertaken with exercise data pooled into a meta-analysis where two or more studies were available for an exercise and muscle segment. For the GMed, different variations of the hip hitch/ pelvic drop exercise generated at least high activity in all segments. The dip test, and isometric standing hip abduction are other options to target the anterior GMed segment, while isometric standing hip abduction can be used for the posterior GMed segment. For the middle GMed segment, the single leg bridge; side-lying hip abduction with hip internal rotation; lateral step-up; standing hip abduction on stance or swing leg with added resistance; and resisted side-step were the best options for generating at least high activity. Standing isometric hip abduction and different variations of the hip hitch/ pelvic drop exercise generated at least high activity in all GMin segments, while side-lying hip abduction, the dip test, single leg bridge and single leg squat can also be used for targeting the posterior GMin segment. The findings from this review provide the clinician with confidence in exercise prescription for targeting individual GMed and GMin segments for potential strengthening following injury or ageing. Level 1. Previous reviews on GMed exercises have been based on single electrode, surface EMG measures at middle GMed segment. It is not known whether these exercises effectively target the other segments of GMed or the GMin at a sufficient intensity for strengthening. This review provides the clinician with confidence in exercise prescription of common therapeutic exercises to effectively target individual GMed and GMin segments for potential strengthening.

Effects of Log-Rolling Position on Hip-Abductor Muscle Activation During Side-Lying Hip-Abduction Exercise in Participants With Gluteus Medius Weakness.

Weakness of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus is associated with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. However, activation of synergistic muscles that are not targeted should be considered when prescribing side-lying hip-abduction (SHA) exercises. Log-rolling positions may affect hip-abductor activity during SHA. To determine the effects of log-rolling positions on gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and tensor fasciae latae activity during SHA in participants with gluteus medius weakness. Controlled laboratory study. University research laboratory. Twenty-one participants with gluteus medius weakness. Three types of SHA were performed: frontal-plane SHA in neutral position (SHA-neutral), frontal-plane SHA in anterior log-rolling position (SHA-anterior rolling), and frontal-plane SHA in posterior log-rolling position (SHA-posterior rolling). Surface electromyography was used to measure hip-abductor activity. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was calculated to assess the statistical significance of the muscle activity. The SHA-anterior rolling showed greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than the SHA-neutral (P = .003 and P < .001, respectively) and SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The SHA-neutral demonstrated greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than the SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). The SHA-anterior rolling produced less tensor fasciae latae activation than the SHA-neutral (P < .001) and SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001). The SHA-neutral showed less tensor fasciae latae activation than the SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001). The SHA-anterior rolling may be an effective exercise for increasing activation of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus while decreasing activation of the tensor fasciae latae in participants with gluteus medius weakness.

Reliability of surface electromyography for the gluteus medius muscle during gait in people with and without chronic nonspecific low back pain

The purpose of this study was to determine the intratester reliability of surface electromyography (EMG) assessment of the gluteus medius muscle in healthy people and people with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) during barefoot walking. Gluteus medius muscle activity was measured twice in 40 people without and 30 people with CNLBP approximately 7 days apart. Walking gluteus medius muscle activity was normalised to maximal voluntary isometric contractions during side-lying hip abduction with manual resistance. Good intratester reliability (ICC > 0.75) was found for mean, peak, and peak to peak amplitude for healthy people. Only mean amplitude demonstrated good intratester reliability in those with CNLBP. Peak amplitude and peak to peak amplitude of the gluteus medius muscle of those with CNLBP, and the time of peak amplitude in both groups, demonstrated moderate reliability (ICC ranged from 0.50 to 0.58). Moderate to large standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change values were reported for outcome measurements. These results suggest that potentially large levels of random error can occur between sessions. Future research can build on this study for those with pathology and attempt to establish change values for EMG that are clinically meaningful.

Acute Differences Of Passive Myofascial Release And Dynamic Warm Up On Lower Body Anaerobic Muscular Endurance

Body tempering is a form of passive myofascial release used amongst athletes, physical therapists and trainers, and is a hands-on application of pressure to the muscles using a heavy steel roller. There is little to no evidence in the literature showing its effectiveness for performance or injury rehabilitation. PURPOSE: To determine any acute differences between passive myofascial release with a steel roller (PMfR) and a dynamic warm up (DWU) on lower body anaerobic muscular endurance. METHODS: Ten participants, 5 females (23.0 ±1.3 years; 75.5±5.2 kg; 159.8±1.2 cm) and 5 males (24.6 ±2.1 years; 82.5±3.8 kg; 168.0±2.8 cm), were asked to participate in this study. The first session was a familiarization session to test leg press one repetition maximum (214.3±32.7 kg). The following two randomized sessions, separated by at least 72 hours, began with a five-minute cycle ergometer warm-up at 1.0kP for females and 1.5kP for males at 50RPM. Subjects performed a PMfR protocol or a lower body DWU prior to beginning a leg press specific warm-up. The PMfR protocol involved rolling the quadriceps and hamstrings for approximately two minutes each. The DWU protocol involved ten repetitions of six exercises (inchworms, hip-bridges, side-lying hip abduction, mountain climbers, lateral lunges, and squat jumps). Subjects then performed a set of ten repetitions at 25% and 50% and six repetitions at 75%. After a three-minute rest period, subjects performed repetitions to failure at 85%. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant differences in repetitions. RESULTS: Repetitions were significantly (p<0.002) different between protocols. Subjects performed more repetitions following the PMfR (25.4 ±7.0 repetitions) condition than the DWU condition (16.8 ±4.5 repetitions). CONCLUSIONS: The current pilot data demonstrates that PMfR may be an effective warm up modality in combination with a specific warm up to assist in lower body anaerobic endurance. Precaution must be taken with the current data, as some subjects had as many 40 repetitions at 85%, which is not congruent with that percent 1RM. The current DWU protocol seems to have possibly decreased performance due to fatigue. Further studies should use a multi-set approach with a resistance trained population approach to better determine its efficacy.

THE INFLUENCE OF HIP JOINT ANGLE ON THE RATIO BETWEEN ADDUCTION AND ABDUCTION TORQUE IN EXPERIENCED, RECREATIONAL MALE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS

Strains of the adductor muscle group of the hip are common amongst ice hockey players. The ratio of isometric strengths between the hip adductors and abductors has been offered as a risk factor for hip adductor strain; however, there is no description for how the ratio between hip adductor and abductor strength varies as a function of hip abduction angle. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of hip joint abduction angle on measured ratios of hip adduction to abduction torque in experienced, recreational, male hockey players. The primary null hypothesis for this study was that hip joint abduction angle would not influence hip adduction-to-abduction torque ratios in male hockey players. Counterbalanced observational cohort. Twelve uninjured, male, recreational hockey players, with a minimum experience level of midget AAA/minor competitive or equivalent. Participants performed maximal isometric side-lying hip adduction and abduction exertions against a rigidly constrained load cell at 0, 10, and 20 degrees of hip abduction. Measured peak torques from each exertion were used to derive the hip adductor-to-abductor torque ratio. Kinematics of the trunk, pelvis, and lower limbs were monitored using an optoelectronic motion capture system. Adductor-to-abductor torque ratio increased from 1.49 (SD = 0.20), to 1.92 (SD = 0.20) and to 2.30 (SD = 0.54) with successively increasing hip abduction angle (p < 0.001). Peak torque was significantly different between all angles (p ≤ 0.016) except between adduction exertions performed at 10 and 20 degrees of abduction (p = 0.895). Small changes in hip angle during the exertion were coincident with exertion direction, which confirmed the isometric nature of the task. Hip abduction angle has a significant impact on the measured adductor-to-abductor torque ratio. The ratio increased due to a combination of increased adductor torque and decreased abductor torque as the hip abduction angle increased. 2b.

Comparison of the effects of the knee flexion and extension during side-lying hip abduction on the activity and onset time of the gluteus medius and quadratus lumborum

BACKGROUND: An increase in the compensatory action of the quadratus lumborum (QL) during side-lying hip abduction (SHA) can lead to lateral movement impairment of the pelvis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of knee flexion (KF) and knee extension (KE) during SHA at abduction angles of 25∘, 35∘, and 45∘ on the activity and onset time of the gluteus medius (GM) and QL. METHODS: Thirty healthy men were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: those with SHA with KF and those with SHA with KE. The subjects performed SHA at three angles of abduction in a random order. Surface electromyography was used to record the muscle activities of the GM and QL. RESULTS: The QL activity decreased significantly more in the KE group than in the KF group at each of the three angles of abduction during SHA. The GM/QL activity ratio increased significantly in the KE compared to the KF group. In addition, in the KE group, the onset of the GM activity was significantly earlier than that of the QL activity. On the other hand, in the KF group, the onset of the GM activity occurred later than that of the QL activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that KE is more effective than KF in selectively activating the GM during SHA by reducing the QL activity and firing the GM earlier than the QL.

Change in Pelvic Motion Caused by Visual Biofeedback Influences Trunk and Hip Muscle Activities During Side-Lying Hip Abduction in Asymptomatic Individuals

Background: Ipsilateral pelvic elevation has been reported as a common compensatory movement during side-lying hip abduction. It has been reported that pelvic elevation inhibits sufficient contraction of gluteus medius. However, few studies have identified the effects of controlled pelvic elevation on the trunk and hip muscles. Objective: To examine the effects of controlled pelvic elevation using visual biofeedback on the muscle activity of the trunk and hip muscles. Design: Crossover study. Methods: Twelve healthy males performed side-lying hip abduction exercises with and without visual biofeedback for pelvic elevation. Electromyography (EMG) activities of the gluteus medius, quadratus lumborum, and multifidus were analyzed using a wireless EMG system while the ipsilateral pelvic elevation angle was measured using a motion sensor during side-lying hip abduction exercises. Results: EMG activities of the gluteus medius (p = .002), quadratus lumborum (p = .022), and multifidus (p = .020) were significantly increased and ipsilateral pelvic elevation was significantly decreased (p = .001) during side-lying hip abduction with visual biofeedback compared to without visual biofeedback. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the application of biofeedback for pelvic motion could improve the trunk and hip muscle activation pattern and decrease compensatory pelvic motion during side-lying hip abduction exercise.

Effect of Trunk Log Rolling During Side-Lying Hip Abduction Exercise on Hip Muscles Activity

To examine the effect of the trunk log rolling during side-lying hip abduction exercise (SHA) on gluteus medius (GMD), gluteus maximus (GMX), tensor fasciae latae (TFL) activity in participants with gluteus medius weakness.

ASSESSING MOVEMENT QUALITY USING THE HIP AND LOWER LIMB MOVEMENT SCREEN: DEVELOPMENT, RELIABILITY AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS

Background: An active lifestyle has many health benefits but intensive exercise and low grade repetitive trauma may impact the health of joints. Good quality, controlled movement, may reduce abnormal loading on joints and help prevent injury or when injuries do occur, prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Screening tools to visually assess movement quality can be used to prescribe appropriate exercise interventions to improve movement quality. An assessment tool that focuses on hip movement control is needed for use in clinical and field environments. Purpose: To describe a new screening tool that assesses control of the hip, pelvis and lower limbs, the Hip and Lower Limb Movement Screen (HLLMS), and test its intra- and inter-rater reliability. Methods: The HLLMS includes five tests: small knee bend (SKB), standing hip flexion to [Formula: see text], side-lying hip abduction with the leg laterally rotated, SKB with trunk rotation and deep squat. Reliability was tested in two samples of young footballers aged 16–19 years; intra-rater in [Formula: see text] and inter-rater reliability in [Formula: see text]4. Percentage agreement (PA) and First-Order Coefficient (AC1) were calculated. Results: Intra-rater reliability was excellent with almost perfect agreement for the overall HLLMS (PA 96%; AC1 0.93), with strong inter-rater reliability (PA 88%; AC1 0.82). Conclusions: The HLLMS can identify movement quality reliably in young community footballers. Poor movement patterns identified using the HLLMS are intended to inform the design of targeted exercise programs to improve movement quality and reduce injuries or prevent the progression of injuries to post-traumatic OA.

Sequential Changes in Activity of Hip Abductor Muscles after Side-lying Hip Abduction Exercise with Different Directions using Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Sequential Changes in Activity of Hip Abductor Muscles after Side-lying Hip Abduction Exercise with Different Directions using Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Sequential Changes in Activity of Hip Abductor Muscles after Side-lying Hip Abduction Exercise with Different Directions using Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Sequential Changes in Activity of Hip Abductor Muscles after Side-lying Hip Abduction Exercise with Different Directions using Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Effects of real-time visual biofeedback of pelvic movement on electromyographic activity of hip muscles and lateral pelvic tilt during unilateral weight-bearing and side-lying hip abduction exercises

Although neutral pelvic alignment is important for hip abduction exercises, studies exploring objectively monitored pelvic alignment on the gluteus medius (Gmed) muscle activity during hip abduction exercises, especially under weight-bearing (WB) conditions, are limited. Therefore, we examined the effects of real-time visual biofeedback (RVBF) of pelvic movement on electromyographic (EMG) activity of hip muscles and lateral pelvic tilt during unilateral WB and side-lying hip abductions. Fifteen male participants performed unilateral WB and side-lying hip abduction exercises with and without RVBF. Under the RVBF condition, participants monitored pelvic movements in real time during hip abduction exercises. EMG activity of Gmed and quadratus lumborum (QL) as well as lateral pelvic tilt angle were recorded during each hip abduction exercise. Gmed EMG activity increased, while lateral pelvic tilt decreased during both hip abduction exercises with RVBF (p < 0.05). Additionally, the changes in Gmed activity, the Gmed/QL activity ratio, and the lateral pelvic tilt angle under RVBF were greater during unilateral WB hip abduction than during side-lying hip abduction (p < 0.05). These results suggest that RVBF of pelvic movement could be useful to strengthen Gmed and prevent compensatory lateral pelvic movement during hip abduction exercises, especially in the unilateral WB position.

Acute Hip Abduction Fatigue on Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex Stability in Softball Players.

During an overhead throw, the gluteal muscle group stabilizes the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC), leading to efficient energy transfer from the lower to upper extremity. It has been shown that LPHC instability can lead to throwing pathomechanics. The single leg squat has become a common assessment for LPHC stability, and could be used to determine the effects of fatigue on throwing athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute abduction fatigue protocol on the LPHC of collegiate softball players via the single leg squat assessment of the leg ipsilateral to the throwing arm. Eighteen National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I softball players volunteered (20.5±1.9 years; 169.4±10.0 cm; 72.9±11.5 kg). Each participant performed a single leg squat on the leg ipsilateral to the throwing arm prior to and post side-lying hip abduction fatigue. LPHC and lower extremity kinematics were examined to determine potential effects of fatigue on LPHC stability. There were no significant main effects or interactions of LPHC or lower extremity kinematics during the single leg squat assessments across the fatigue protocol. Based on the current study, an acute bout of fatigue to the hip abductors does not affect LPHC stability in single leg squat execution.

Effects of abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing during side-lying hip abduction on the lateral rotation and muscle activity of the pelvis.

It is important that compensatory lateral movement of the pelvis does not occur during side-lying hip abduction (SHA). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing during SHA on pelvic lateral rotation (PLR) and the electromyography activity of the gluteus medius, quadratus lumborum (QL), external oblique abdominis (EO) and internal oblique abdominis (IO). A total of 22 healthy male adults participated in the study. The subjects performed three conditions in side-lying in random order: SHA with abdominal hollowing (SHA-AH), SHA with abdominal bracing (SHA-AB), and SHA without any condition (SHA-WC). The angle of PLR in SHA-AB was significantly lower compared to SHA-AH and SHA-WC, and angle of PLR in SHA-AH was significantly lower than that in SHA-WC. The muscle activity of the QL was significantly greater for SHA-AB compared to SHA-AH and SHA-WC. The muscle activity of the EO was significantly greater for SHA-AB compared to SHA-AH and SHA-WC. And the muscle activity of the EO for SHA-AH was significantly greater than that for SHA-WC. The muscle activity of the IO was significantly greater for SHA-AH and SHA-AB compared to SHA-WC. Based on these results, we suggest that abdominal bracing increases the muscle activity of QL, EO, and IO, and decreases the angle of PLR compare to abdominal hollowing during SHA.

Effects of Abdominal Draw-in Maneuver, Abdominal Bracing, and Pelvic Compression Belt on Muscle Activities of Gluteus Medius and Trunk During Side-Lying Hip Abduction

Effects of Abdominal Draw-in Maneuver, Abdominal Bracing, and Pelvic Compression Belt on Muscle Activities of Gluteus Medius and Trunk During Side-Lying Hip Abduction