Side Effects Of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs Research Articles

Korelasi Efek Samping Obat Anti Tuberkulosis dengan Kepatuhan Pengobatan Pasien TB Paru

Pulmonary TB is an infectious disease which is a major problem for health in communities, especially in developing countries. The incidence of TB in Indonesia in 2020 is 301 per 100,000 population, the death rate is 34 per 100,000 population. Pulmonary TB patients who do not comply with taking medication can cause a decrease in the cure rate and an increase in the death rate. OAT side effects are one of the causes of non-compliance. This study aims to determine the correlation of OAT side effects with adherence in pulmonary TB patients. The research design was an analytic observational cross sectional study approach and was carried out at the Asolokobal Health Center with a total sample of 30 respondents. Respondents filled out a questionnaire and gave a checklist on the perceived side effects of OAT, compliance was measured with the Guttman scale, the answers "Yes" or "No". The statistical test used is Chi Square with the alternative Fisher's Exact Test. The results of the study showed that 20 respondents (66.7%) adhered to the level of compliance with mild drug side effects. The level of compliance of respondents with symptoms of severe side effects who adhered to it was 6 respondents (20.0%), the level of compliance of respondents with symptoms of severe side effects who did not comply was 4 respondents (13.3%). Fisher's Exact Test, obtained p value = 0.008. It was concluded that there is a correlation between the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs and adherence to treatment of pulmonary TB patients.

Relationship between Side Effects of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs (ATDs) and Adherence to Medication in Elderly Patients with Tuberculosis

One of the obstacles to the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients is the sideeffects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) which cause patients to be reluctant to continue the medication. The elderly experience various physical and physiological changes in the bodysystem, including susceptibility to drug side effects, decreased knowledge and memory,resulting in non-compliance with taking the medication. This study aims to determine therelationship between ATDs side effects and compliance with taking medication for elderlypatients at the Tanjung Selor Health Center, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province.This study used a quantitative cross-sectional approach. The sample was taken by totalpopulation, namely elderly tuberculosis patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment as many as30 respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire of drug side effects and ATDscompliance. Statistical test used Fisher's Exact. The results showed that most patients (76.7%)complained of OAT side effects and the rest without OAT side effects (23.3%). Treatmentcompliance was 20% compliant, and 80% were non-compliant. Fisher's Exact statistical testobtained p-value = 0.016 (< α = 0.05). It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between OAT side effects and treatment compliance in elderly patients with tuberculosis. Recommendations for health workers to give special attention to elderly patients with medication monitoring and compliance motivation. Future researchers should identify the involvement of family and health workers to monitor the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Correlation between Accessibility of Health Facilities and Drug Side Effects with Elderly Non-Adherence in Undergoing Tuberculosis Treatment at the Tanjung Selor Health Center

The aging process causes decreased function of various body systems that are vulnerable to the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs. The accessibility of health facilities is also a determinant of the success of the treatment of tuberculosis patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between drug side effects and accessibility of health facilities with non-adherence to treatment in elderly patients at the Tanjung Selor Health Center. This type of research was descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken from all tuberculosis elderly who were being treated for as many as 30 respondents. The results of the chi square analysis of the relationship between accessibility of health services and non-compliance obtained p-value = 0.026, and drug side effects with non-adherence p-value= 0.016, (<α=0.005). The authors conclude that there is a significant relationship between the accessibility of health facilities and drug side effects with non-adherence of the elderly in the treatment of tuberculosis.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIDE EFFECTS OF TUBERCULOSIS DRUG USE AND SGOT/SGPT VALUE OF INTENSIVE PHASE PATIENTS

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which has a rod shape and is acid-resistant. The prolonged consumption of anti-tuberculosis drugs can cause serious side effects. Side effects from the consumption of anti-tuberculosis drugs, namely the risk of hepatotoxicity, which is marked by an increase in the SGOT / SGPT value. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the duration of use, dosage and side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients, which had an effect on the SGOT / SGPT value at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 96 patients, and data collection was carried out in January-November 2020 at RSI Semarang. The instrument used in this study was patient medic record data. This study uses the Chi-Square test. The Chi-Square test results in 0.000 (p <0.05) so that it could be stated that there was a relationship between the use and side effects on the SGOT / SGPT value.

Hubungan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Tuberkulosis Terhadap Efek Samping Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT)

One of the causes of failure in tuberculosis treatment therapy is the incidence of side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) which can affect drug adherence in tuberculosis patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of OAT side effects to patient medication adherence at the Sungai Betung Public Health Center, Bengkayang Regency. The method in this research is an observational study with a cross sectional study design . The study design was a non-experimental epidemiological study. Data was collected by collecting medical record data and questionnaires containing 11 questions related to OAT side effects and drug compliance. The results showed the characteristics of the majority of patients of productive age as much as 71.42%, male sex of 82.85% and the average being undergoing a category 1 treatment regimen. Distribution of OAT side effects, as many as 51.43% of patients responded well to side effects. OAT and the remaining 48.57% of patients did not respond well to OAT side effects, while the distribution of patient compliance in taking drugs was 65.71% of patients had high adherence and 34.29% of patients had low adherence. The results of statistical tests to determine the relationship between OAT side effects on adherence using the Chi-square test showed p value0.05 (p value= 0.024) then Ho was accepted. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between OAT side effects and adherence to medication for pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Sungai Betung Public Health Center, Bengkayang Regency.

Preparation and characterisation of ethambutol with β-cyclodextrin: a comprehensive molecular insight into host-guest interaction.

The increase in new cases of drug resistance to first-line drugs such as ethambutol (ETB) makes it necessary to develop improvements for antituberculosis drugs. A new method for improving the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was investigated for preventing drug resistance and side-effects of antituberculosis drugs. In this study, an antituberculosis drug delivery system using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as the supramolecular carrier of ETB was prepared using the kneading method. The inclusion behaviour of β-CD/ETB inclusion complex in solid and liquid state was investigated. The inclusion complex was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The 1H and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy NMR results indicated the hydrophobic interaction between β-CD and ETB. Meanwhile, the Benesi-Hildebrand equation was used to calculate the formation constant (K) of β-CD/ETB complex in natural condition, pH4, and pH9, which were 105.43, 107.06, and 119.11, respectively. The stoichiometry ratio of β-CD/ETB complex was proven to be 1:1.

Antituberculosis Drugs Induced Hepatitis

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis, also called as TB, is a highly contagious bacterial infection and can be found nearly anywhere in the body, but lungs are the most common site of infection. Among the first line combination therapy drugs (INH, RMP, PZA, EMB), INH, RMP, and PZA are hepatotoxic as they are potentially metabolized mainly by the liver. Case: This is a case report of 18 years old male patient who was diagnosed with hepatitis after administration of anti TB drugs. He was admitted to the hospital for dry cough, loss of appetite, weight loss 3-5kg before 1 month. Laboratory investigations and other reports confirmed hepatitis. In this case, patient was receiving the anti TB drugs since 1 month and then later developed hepatitis which is a severe adverse drug reaction. Conclusion: Although hepatotoxicity is severe side effects of antituberculosis drugs. Following standard treatment and care of the patient we archive favourable outcome. Key words: Anti tubercular drugs, Hepatitis, SGOT, SGPT, Adverse Drug Reaction.

A Case Report on Managing the Side Effects of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs for Nontuberculous Mucobacteriosis (NTM) by Concurrently using Traditional Korean Medicine and Antibiotics

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of combined Korean medical treatment and antibiotics on a patient diagnosed with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.Methods: The patient had been treated with antibiotics since July 2020 concurrently with <i>Maekmoondong-tang</i>, <i>Banhasasim-tang</i>, <i>Gwakhyangjunggi-san</i> and <i>Bojungikgi-tang</i>. The improvement of symptoms was evaluated using scores for the numerical rating scale (NRS), the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and computed tomography (CT).Results: Following treatment, the NRS, MRC dyspnea scale and CT images significantly improved. Also, CRP levels remained in the normal range during treatment.Conclusions: Traditional Korean medical treatment combined with antibiotics could be effective for treating patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.

Correlation of inflammatory cytokines on corrected QT interval in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients

BackgroundThe cases of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis (RR-TB) in our country have increased every year and RR-TB deaths are thought to be caused by prolongation of the QTc interval due to side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Thus, cytokines are needed to be used as early markers of prolongation of the QTc interval in RR-TB patients. ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the correlation of inflammatory cytokines on QTc interval in RR-TB patients who received shorter regimens. MethodsThis study uses a case-control study with a time series conducted in the period September 2019 to February 2020 in one of the referral hospitals for Tuberculosis in Indonesia. Cytokines levels from blood samples were measured using the ELISA method, while QTc intervals were automatically recorded using an electrocardiography machine. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-square test, Man Whitney test, Independence t-test, and Spearman-rank test with p < 0.05. ResultsThere was no significant correlation between inflammatory cytokines and QTc prolongation in intensive phase which TNF-α value (6.8 pg/ml; r = 0.207; p = 0.281), IL-1β (20.13 pg/ml; r = 0.128; p = 0.509), and IL-6 (43.17 pg/ml; r = −0.028; p = 0.886). Meanwhile, in the continuation phase, the values for TNF-α (4.79 pg/ml; r = 0.046; p = 0.865), IL-1β (7.42 pg/ml; r = −0.223; p = 0.406), and IL- 6 (40.61 pg/ml; r = −0.147; p = 0.586). Conclusioninflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) cannot be used to identify QTc interval prolongation in RR-TB patients who received shorter regimens.

Pulmonary TB in Pregnancy

Objective : To report a case of pulmonary TB in pregnancyMethod : A case reportCase : Presented a case of cpulmonar TB in pregnancy on 33-year-old patient. This is fifth pregnancy with twice history of abortion, malnutrition and pulmonary TB (in treatment). The result of chest x-rays was pulmonary TB. The patient was on treatment for anti-tuberculosis drugs for second month. Patient had BMI was 16,88 kg/m2 which is underweight category. There were bronchovesicular and ronchi from both side of lung from auscultation examination. From laboratory findings there was decrease of albumin serum levels to 2,1 gr%. From ultrasound got impression 16-17 weeks of pregnancy. Patient got anti tuberculosis drugs treatment category I incentive phase (2HRZE). During hospitalization treatment, patient was given some nutrition consultation and high calories and high protein diet and also extra 3 egg whites per day. Total calories are 2250 kcal. Patient also got 1 infuse bottle of albumin and albumin supplementation.Discussion : The incidence of TB in pregnancy was 1/10,000 pregnancies. Provision of an appropriate and adequate chemotherapy regimen will improve the quality of life of the mother, reduce the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) on the fetus and prevent infection in newborns. Patient got anti tuberculosis drugs treatment category I incentive phase (2HRZE) which is no difference theraphy with no-pregnant patient. Patient was not given pyridoxine as adjuvant drugs along with the anti- tuberculosis drugs. Pyridoxine supplementation must be given with the dose of 50 mg/day and is suggested for every pregnant woman who consumes isoniazid because the deficiency often happens in pregnancy than general population.Conclusion The diagnosis of this patient was correct based on anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting test . Active TB treatment in pregnancy doesn’t have any difference with non-pregnant. The management of this patient is not correct because the patient didn’t get pyridoxine supplementation, didn’t undergo sputum test in second month, and wasn’t done culture M. Tuberculosis as a gold standard.Keywords: tuberculosis, pulmonary TB, pregnancy, anti tuberculosis drugs, pyridoxine

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Aim: to study the attitude of patients with tuberculosis (TB) toward disease and treatment. Materials and methods. Anonymous questioning of 490 patients with TB grouped by case category (new, repeated treatment, multiple-resistant TB) and phase of treatment (intensive or maintenance phase, hospital or out-patient). Statistical analysis of the results was performed. Results. Majority of study participants were aware about TB, duration of its treatment and commonly used antituberculosis drugs (ATD). But 1/3 of patients was not informed on possible side effects of ATD. Many patients trusted their physician, had good relationships with medical personnel. They were sure about the cure and readily accepted ATD treatment, confirmed a support of relatives and friends. However, many patients were depressed due to the longevity of treatment (59,8 %), 31,8 % had doubts regarding convalescence, 56,5 % needed psychological support. 55,9 % of hospital patients wished to receive an out-patient care. 1/3 of hospital patients were unsatisfied by the conditions of the facilities. 14,4 % of patients anticipated the changes in organization of out-patient treatment. The considerable worsening of quality of life was noted in 59,2 % of patients: 70,0 % of these patients considered this was due to financial burden, 54,8 % � poor physical condition, 46,6 % � the change of lifestyles, 12,8 % � emotional suffering. 63,3 % of interviewed patients considered that there was a �brand of TB patient� in society: 1/2 of patients felt this on their own, 59,0 % concealed the fact of the illness. Patients with multiple-resistant TB had less support from relatives and friends, less trusted their physician, needed more psychological support. They were less sure in convalescence and more frustrated by the long treatment. They wanted to be treated as out-patients; felt the worsening of quality of life and bad attitude from the society. Conclusions. Questioning of TB patients has revealed the following: lack of knowledges about possible side effects of ATD, need for shorter duration of therapy, better hospital treatment conditions or opportunity to get treatment at home, doubts in convalescence and necessity for psychological support, need for better quality of life (financial and emotional condition, lifestyles), possibility not to conceal the illness because of negative attitude in society and need to improve the conditions of treatment. It was proved the necessity for improvement of patients' awareness about TB course and treatment, provision of psychological support (especially in resistant TB), improvement of hospital and outpatient care (considering patient�s expectations and epidemic safety), elucidative work with their nearest surroundings and creation of such informative environment in society, which would overcome negative attitude toward with TB patients. Findings are important for the improvement of organization of treatment and achievement of better treatment adherence of the patients, and can positively influence overall treatment effectiveness. Key words: tuberculosis, disease, treatment, questioning.

Prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nepal: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundPatients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) have a protracted course of illness and the available treatment has a low success rate. These factors combined with the associated stigma and financial implications put the patients with DR TB at an increased risk of depression. The psychiatric side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs further aggravate the problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression among patients with DR TB in Nepal and identify risk factors. MethodsWe conducted this cross-sectional study in April 2018 at all the functioning 11 programmatic DR TB treatment centers across Nepal. We selected 129 patients aged ≥ 16 years receiving treatment for DR TB by non-probability quota sampling. Six trained data collectors conducted face-to-face interviews and administered the Nepali language version of Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to screen for depression. We summarized sociodemographic and treatment characteristics with median (Interquartile Range [IQR]) and proportions as appropriate. We performed univariate analysis for the variables hypothesized as risk factors for depression. We fitted a multivariable binary logistic regression model with depression as the outcome variable and the variables with a significance level of < 0.25 as explanatory variables. We regarded a p-value of < 0.05 as significant for individual variables in the logistic regression model. ResultsOf the 129 patients studied, 92 (71.3%) were male and the median age was 36 years (IQR 25–48). The majority (109, 84.4%) had multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). We identified 81 patients (62.7%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 53.7–71) with the PHQ-9 score of 10 or more signifying probable depressive disorder. In univariate analyses, age, treatment center location, DR TB treatment duration, and duration of current illness had a p-value lower than the pre-specified cut-off of 0.25. In the multivariable logistic regression model, we found a statistically significant association of depression with the duration of illness (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.26, p < 0.001). ConclusionThis study has found that a large proportion of the patients with DR TB screened have depression suggesting the need for screening and management of comorbid depression within the National TB Control Program.

Risk factors affecting the failure to complete treatment for patients with latent tuberculosis infection in Tokyo, Japan

ObjectiveThe treatment completion rate for all latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) patients in Tokyo was 83.6% in 2014: somewhat lower than the targeted goal of 85%. This study examines the association between risk factors and LTBI patients’ failure to complete treatment. MethodsWe collected data related to the treatment of LTBI patients who were reported to public health centers in Tokyo from January 2014 through December 2014. Data included potential risk factors affecting treatment, treatment results, and patient characteristics. We used Fisher's exact test to evaluate risk factors affecting failure to complete treatment. The failure rate was defined as the incompletion rate of treatment. ResultsOf 1060 notified cases, 877 had completed treatment; 116 had not completed treatment. Of these 116 cases, failure to complete treatment in 52 cases was attributable to side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Reasons other than side effects were given for 64 cases. Another 67 cases could not be followed up. In all, 941 cases were analyzed, excluding cases lost to follow-up and cases for which patients had not completed treatment because of anti-tuberculosis drug side effects. Failure rates among foreign-born patients (26.9%) were significantly much higher than those among Japan-born patients (3.9%). Statistical tests indicated no presumed potential risk factor as significant. However, “no supporter for foreign-born LTBI patients” was marginally significant. ConclusionOnly “no supporter for foreign-born LTBI patients” was found to be marginally significant. More data must be accumulated to assess the risk factors affecting LTBI treatment.

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

tuberculosis drugs; side effects; experience

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

tuberculosis drugs; side effects; experience

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

tuberculosis drugs; side effects; experience

Clinical side effects of antituberculosis drugs

tuberculosis drugs; side effects; experience