Siak River Research Articles

The Abundance of Microplastics in Sediment Siak River Pekanbaru City

Sediments are temporary and long-term reservoirs for waste including microplastic particles. Microplastics are large-sized plastics that are under 5mm in size. microplastic particles with a density greater than water can enter the sediment and accumulate. High water utilization activities can be a way for plastic waste from land to enter the waters, one of the rivers that has high utilization is the Siak River in Pekanbaru city. This study aims to analyze the abundance and distribution of microplastics based on 3 (three) stations in the Siak River. The research procedure consists of sampling, microplastic separation, and microplastic analysis. The results showed that the Siak River in Pekanbaru city contained microplastic types of fragments (32%), films (31%), fibers (25%), and granules (12%). The highest abundance of microplastics was at station 1 with an average abundance of 32.67/kg which was dominated by fragment-type microplastics. The Siak River in Pekanbaru city has been contaminated with microplastics which can be intentionally or unintentionally eaten by aquatic biota.

Evaluation of pedestrian paths in the trade area with water transport: Case study of Old Town Pekanbaru

Pekanbaru grew and developed starting from a pekan or market located on the banks of the Siak River. The development of Pekanbaru city is inseparable from the history that shaped it, where in the 16th century Pekanbaru was once the center of government of the kingdom of Siak Sri Indra Pura which then grew and developed with trade activities, and settlements to form a potential regional structure as a tourist destination, both shopping tourism, religious tourism, and tourism in the old residential area. Therefore, to accommodate and support the activities of the old city area of Pekanbaru, it is necessary to have adequate infrastructure such as pedestrian paths (Pedestrian Way). This study aims to evaluate the pedestrian path in the aspect of accessibility that connects the potential of the old city area of Pekanbaru such as the port area, trade area, and old residential area. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach through mapping the potential conditions of each character area that is reinforced by using quantitative methods with descriptive and simulation research frameworks. The results of the analysis show that some corridors in the trade area show better integration, which means that it is possible that in the trade area, there is more movement of people because it is easily accessible from various directions (accessible) while in the port area shows moderate integration and in residential areas tends to be low.

Distribution and Condition of Sonneratia caseolaris Mangroves in the Siak River Tidal Area, Pekanbaru City

This research was carried out in the tidal area of the Siak River, Pekanbaru, Riau Province. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution and condition of Sonneratia caseolaris in the tidal areas of the Siak River in Pekanbaru as a basis for assessing future sea level rise. The method used in this research is a survey method and purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sampling points. The distribution of S. caseolaris was mapped by determining the current most upstream distribution point. S. caseolaris is presented in terms of tree diameter and condition. The distribution and condition of S. caseolaris were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the distribution of S. caseolaris in the upstream direction currently reaches the point 0°32′48.39″ N and 101°27′25.97″ E. The density of S. caseolaris ranged from 1.67 – 2.67 ind/100m2 for the sapling group and ranged from 3.67 – 18.67 ind/100m2 for the tree group. S. caseolaris is found along river flows towards the estuary with tree diameters ranging from 1.91 – 3.82 cm for sampling and 4.14.- 48.09 for tree. The average diameter of the tree becomes larger towards the river mouth.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Cair Organik dan Kompos dari Limbah Sampah Rumah Tangga

Purpose: Buluh Cina Village is a tourist village located on the banks of the Siak River. The problem of waste among residents living on the banks of the river is throwing garbage directly into the river, causing water pollution. The purpose of this community service is to provide information on how housewives can manage household waste into liquid organic fertilizer (POC) and compost in a simple manner. Methodology: The method used was focus group discussion (FGD) on the theory of good waste management and a workshop demonstration of the practice of making POC and compost directly. This event was in collaboration with the health cadre partners of Puskesmas Pangkalan Baru and Buluh Cina village officials. Results: The results of this community service were attended by 31 cadres, who understood that the behavior of littering into the river must be stopped by utilizing waste from the household scale. POC and compost training, so it is hoped that cadres will apply to themselves and teach their members. Limitations: Owing to the limited time, funds, and members involved in this research, the training was only conducted for one day, but it is hoped that it will be sustainable. Contribution: This activity is useful to increase community awareness about managing household waste to make it more useful for fertilizing plants around the house and also have economic value if sold

Exploration of synthetic dyes degrading bacteria from Siak River, Riau Province

The presence of dyes causes a decrease in river quality. Degradation using bacteria could be used as an alternative method to overcome the dyes substances waste. This research aimed to isolate bacteria that can degrade dyes such as congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) from Siak River. The result of this study identified a total of 27 isolates of bacteria that can degrade CR with a concentration of 100 ppm in a Minimal Medium with three days of incubation. The ability of bacteria to degrade CR was known by forming clear zones around the colonies. The degradation index ranged from 1.54 to 5.61 after three days of incubation. The isolate CR26 had the highest degradation. Meanwhile, the number of bacteria that degrades the MB in the concentration of 25 ppm are three isolates (MB1, MB2, and MB3) in the degradation index range from 1.32-1.41. One isolate (MB2) was obtained from the concentrations of 50 ppm and 100 ppm with a degradation index of 1.42 and 1.34. Identification results isolate CR 26 as Bacillus sp and isolate MB2 as Enterobacter sp. This bacteria can be developed to overcome water pollution caused by CR and MB dyes.

Waterfront City Management to Realize Low Carbon Landscape in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia

Poor regional spatial planning makes the lack of water catchment functions and green open spaces result in environmental problems, particularly in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. The solution is to utilise the potential of the Siak River and its historical heritage through waterfront city (WFC) management. Structuring a WFC based on a low-carbon concept can solve environmental problems by significantly reducing carbon emissions. This study aims to inventory, map, and evaluate the condition of the existing landscape, analyse public perceptions, and develop recommendations for a WFC with a low-carbon landscape concept. The methods used are historic urban landscape analysis, spatial analysis with land evaluation, community perception, and the preparation of recommendations. The results showed that the management of historical and cultural heritage is still poor. Based on the evaluation of land suitability, the WFC area has the potential to develop tourism, settlement, conservation, and pond areas with varying degrees of suitability according to the function of the area and several limiting factors. Through public perception, the level of enthusiasm of respondents is very high for applying the low-carbon landscape concept. Recommendations are made with the 15-Minute City Strategy through zoning and management programmes, namely tourism, mixed-use, conservation, and cultural preservation.

Meneropong Morfologi Kota Pekanbaru pada Era Kolonial Belanda (1919-1942)

This study discusses the morphology changes of Pekanbaru City during the two decades of the Dutch colonial era (1919-1942). This study had used historical research methods with a city morphology perspective. The stages had been heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. During that time, Pekanbaru had been developed by the Dutch Colonial Government as an administrative center and trading center. In order to develop that function, the Dutch Colonial Government had built a rubber plantation as a trading commodity at the Pekanbaru Port, which was on the banks of the Siak River. They had also built infrastructure, educational, medical, recreation facilities, etc., so that this city had become attractive to urbanites, resulting in an increase in population. Therefore, a new area of the city had been built to the south so that a morphological transformation had occurred in that city. Thus, in 1919-1942, Pekanbaru had become the administrative center and trade center to support the surrounding plantations.

The assessment of status of Sibam River and Air Hitam River Pekanbaru city Riau Province using pollution index

The quality of the Siak River is gradually deteriorating with the rapid socio-economic development in its tributary watersheds. S. Sibam and Air Hitam are part of the Siak tributaries in the Siak tributary sub-region in Pekanbaru City. The quality of the Sibam and Air Hitam tributaries in the Siak Watershed of Pekanbaru City has been studied to determine the relative pollution level of water quality standards. Water quality measurements were carried out from January to August 2022 at the upstream, middle, and confluence with the Siak River. The pollution level of the Sibam River and Air Hitam River was measured using the pollution index method. The quality of the Sibam River and Air Hitam waters is compared to the quality standards according to The Regulation of Government of the Republic of Indonesia (RGRI) Number 22/2021 Class III. The water quality parameter measured consisted of dissolved oxygen, TSS, pH, BOD, COD, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and total phosphate. Pollution index calculations for the Sibam and Air Hitam rivers show light pollution, with index values ranging from 1.75 to 3.57. Nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the Sibam River do not meet quality standards. Whereas in the Air Hitam River, the BOD, nitrite, and ammonia level exceeds the quality standards (RGRI Number 22/2021 Class III). The highest pollution index is in the middle of the river, with settlements on both rivers.Keywords:Pollution IndexWater QualitySibam RiverAir Hitam River

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on People's Mobility and Water Quality of Siak River, Indonesia

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on People's Mobility and Water Quality of Siak River, Indonesia

Cultural Reserve of "Siak" Dutch Prison As a Learning Resources of Local History

The State Palace of Siak Sri Indrapura, indeed has a lot of priceless cultural heritage objects as a reflection of the glorious history of Malay in the past. In addition to palace relics, there are other historical sites that have no less high historical value, such as the Syahbuddin Mosque, the Tomb of King Kecik, and the Dutch Barracks and many others. The Dutch colonial in historical records as one of the western nations that colonized Indonesia for quite a long time. It is undeniable that the Malay kingdom centered in Siak Sri Indrapura was also the territory of the Dutch at that time. Evidence of the position of the Dutch in the Malay Archipelago is the establishment of a Dutch military barracks located on Jalan Benteng Hulu, Mempura District, Siak Regency. The location of this Dutch barracks is right across from the center of the Siak Sri Indrapura Kingdom which is only separated by the Siak river. Prison is a term for a Dutch building complex whose function was as a place of protection and defense for the Dutch army. In the barracks there are several types of buildings consisting of dormitories, offices, armory, logistics and prisons. Inside the barracks there is also a prison with a size of 2-3 meters with a capacity of 4-8 people, to detain Indigenous people, especially the people of Siak who are against and disobedient to the Dutch Colonial. Now the Dutch prison not only functions as a cultural heritage but is also transformed into a beautiful tourist destination. Concerns began to arise, that in the future the community would only regard the Dutch barracks building as a mere symbol, without trying harder to be curious and learn more about the history behind the establishment of the building. Based on this, the authors are interested in this research as a learning resource of Local History with literacy study and data collection techniques used are observation, literature study and documentation through data analysis based on analysis and comparison of various existing data.

Cultural Reserve of "Siak" Dutch Prison As a Learning Resources of Local History

The State Palace of Siak Sri Indrapura, indeed has a lot of priceless cultural heritage objects as a reflection of the glorious history of Malay in the past. In addition to palace relics, there are other historical sites that have no less high historical value, such as the Syahbuddin Mosque, the Tomb of King Kecik, and the Dutch Barracks and many others. The Dutch colonial in historical records as one of the western nations that colonized Indonesia for quite a long time. It is undeniable that the Malay kingdom centered in Siak Sri Indrapura was also the territory of the Dutch at that time. Evidence of the position of the Dutch in the Malay Archipelago is the establishment of a Dutch military barracks located on Jalan Benteng Hulu, Mempura District, Siak Regency. The location of this Dutch barracks is right across from the center of the Siak Sri Indrapura Kingdom which is only separated by the Siak river. Prison is a term for a Dutch building complex whose function was as a place of protection and defense for the Dutch army. In the barracks there are several types of buildings consisting of dormitories, offices, armory, logistics and prisons. Inside the barracks there is also a prison with a size of 2-3 meters with a capacity of 4-8 people, to detain Indigenous people, especially the people of Siak who are against and disobedient to the Dutch Colonial. Now the Dutch prison not only functions as a cultural heritage but is also transformed into a beautiful tourist destination. Concerns began to arise, that in the future the community would only regard the Dutch barracks building as a mere symbol, without trying harder to be curious and learn more about the history behind the establishment of the building. Based on this, the authors are interested in this research as a learning resource of Local History with literacy study and data collection techniques used are observation, literature study and documentation through data analysis based on analysis and comparison of various existing data.

Law Governance on Cultural Value for Regaining Bandar Senapelan Image as Kampung Melayu: A Review

The rapid development in a space of urban and economic changing shows a big gap in cultural value preservation. Bandar Senapelan with its cultural value consist of both urban and industrial development for Pekanbaru city has its potential to promote a wide range of diversities in occurance and growth of the capital. The history, landscape, even commercial, laid on the land called Bandar Senapelan. Due to its strategic location, attached to Siak River, the district has widely known for its initial born for Pekanbaru city history, diversity in multi ethnic community, and the trade centre for Central Sumatera’s rapid economic growth. The district’s potential and background was to encroaching and humiliating to be ignored. The city regional plan or (RTRW) statute by the government has not mention in detail the necessity of Bandar Senapelan to be a protected cultural site which should be preserve and conserve. There are several article written by law that confusing and need to be re-review. The image of the district as people has known it as Kampung Melayu slowly threatened. This paper will analyse the level of awareness with regard to cultural landscape conservation and protection in Pekanbaru policy from Pekanbaru RTRW statute. The research methodology will be done with qualitative analysis and descriptive method from relevant theory and studies. Both tangible and intangible identification will be reviewed to achieve the worthwile protection for the region to be conducted.

Pengelolaan Wisata Ramah Lingkungan di Kawasan Sungai Siak Pekanbaru

Increasing the role of the community in the development of Siak River-Based Tourism in Pekanbaru City requires various empowerment efforts, so that communities along the Siak River can play a more active and optimal role while at the same time getting positive benefits from the development activities carried out. This activity aims to support the success of tourism development in Riau Province by conducting counseling on environmentally friendly tourism management, sorting waste and planting trees as well as calling for/prohibiting throwing it into the river. The method used to achieve the goal is to provide counseling about environmentally friendly tourism management. Providing assistance by practicing disposing of waste in its place and sorting waste (organic and inorganic). Planting trees at tourist spots to prevent erosion of the soil surface on the banks of the river and Evaluating the activities carried out to achieve the goal. The results of this service can be concluded that: Increasing public knowledge about eco-friendly tourism management is evidenced by the evaluation results showing good results, the community is able to separate organic and inorganic waste as well as community participation and participation in tree planting.

Kajian Uji Kualitas Sumber Air untuk Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Air Bersih di Daerah Rawa yang Berkelanjutan

Siak Regency consists of plains and hills with an average soil composition consisting of podzolic red yellow rocks and alluvium and organosol soil and humus gley in the form of swamps or wet gley. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) that Podsolic Red Yellow (PMK) soil is a soil formed due to too low temperature and very high rainfall and is an ancient mineral soil type with a reddish or yellowish color. This podzolic soil color indicates relatively low soil productivity due to leaching. While the red and yellow soil colors are caused by rusty iron and lumps of aluminum that decompose and undergo weathering. Clay minerals in this soil are dominated by compounds containing silicon, oxygen, and some metals, which have implications for water quality. The purpose of this research is to test water quality to support the fulfillment of sustainable clean water needs in the Swamp Area in Rempak Village, Siak District, Siak Regency, Riau Provonce. The approach method used is Permenkes No. 492/Menkes/IV/2010.The data needed for this research is to use primary data by taking samples of rainwater, well water, and raw water from the Siak river by researchers directly on March 16, 2022. The main results of the research stated that the quality of rainwater was ranked first to support the policies of the National Development Planning Agency towards a just and prosperous Indonesia in 2045 which has mandated the importance of water security to support strategic sectors, disaster prevention, and improvement of community welfare through construction of rainwater harvesting buildings.

Biodiversity in PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Sei Siak Mor 1 Sumbagut

The areas of Tanjung Rhu and Limbungan villages are areas that are bordered by the Siak river. The existence of the Siak River in the Pekanbaru community is one of the connecting routes with other areas, as well as the entry of goods from within and outside the Pekanbaru area. Where there is the main port of the Daku River which is still used for its function today as transportation access. This transportation access has an impact on river abrasion. This study aims to acknowledge biodiversity condition in PT Pertamina. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques, documentation studies, and in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that the condition of the Siak River in recent times has not received special attention from the government. PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Sei Siak highlights environmental aspects and the sustainability of biodiversity around the company's operations in order to be maintained and sustainable by initiating an Ecotourism program by planting mangrove seedlings, planting several types of trees and plants to reduce carbon dioxide and maintaining aquatic biota ecosystems. as well as the mainland. There are also animal conservation activities, namely the Serindit Bird to maintain endemic animal ecosystems in the Semut Island Ecotourism Area.

The Pollution load on tide conditions in Air Hitam River, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province

The Air Hitam River is one of the 13 creeks of the Siak River that flows in a peat swamp area. The watershed area of Air Hitam River is a peat swamp that has been converted into oil palm plantations, residential areas, and industrial warehousing. This study aims to calculate the pollution load of the Air Hitam River in tidal conditions with the parameters TSS, BOD, COD, nitrite and total phosphate. Samples were taken from January-March 2022 and analyzed to estimate the pollution load in the tributary. The results of the analysis of the pollution load at high tide were 18163.2 kg/day (TSS), 10.982.4 kg/day (BOD), 15.415 kg/day (COD), 249.22 (nitrate), 234.432 and 240.768, (total phosphate). While at low tide the pollution load was 26379.648 kg/day for TSS, 5.354,36 kg/day BOD, 12.818 kg/day COD, 253.70 kg/day nitrate and 238.61 kg/day total phosphate.

Effectiveness of Media Modules on Triggering Community-Based Total Sanitation Programs (STBM)

The Community-Led Total Sanitation Program is an approach to change sanitation hygiene behavior through triggering activities, which has not yet achieved the national target. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the Community-Led Total Sanitation Program in a sustainable environment in a suburban settlement. This was a qualitative study with an action research approach in three districts in the Siak River suburb. The participants of this study were residents who lived on the banks of the Siak river and the holders of the Environmental Health Program at the Public Health Center. Data were collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews regarding the Open Defecation Free (ODF) program, handwashing with soap, household food and beverage management, household waste management, and household liquid waste management. This study found that the community-led total sanitation program in the suburban of the three sub-districts of the city of Pekanbaru was not well implemented yet, especially in the ecological aspects of the Open Defecation Free (ODF) program, waste management, and liquid waste management program. Economically, the implementation of the program by non-governmental organizations had not been supported. Socially, health workers and community leaders provided education related to environmental sanitation and obtained a level of interpretation above 70%.

Identifying Water Pollution Sources Using Real-Time Monitoring and IoT

Water is a natural resource essential for basic human life; however, water pollution is deteriorating in major water sources, such as rivers, seas, and lakes. This study evaluated and identified specific pollution sources owing to numerous industrial and other potential sources of pollution along the enormous length of a Siak river. A water pollution detection system was installed and deployed at river measurement stations having the potential to pollute, particularly near industrial sites releasing chemicals and wastewater. Data obtained from the system was analyzed using an algorithm to detect and assess any abnormal behavior change in the data over time. Six detection systems were deployed around the river, primarily in residential and industrial areas. As the studied river is one of the deepest in Indonesia, this research focused only on analyzing and identifying the sources of polluted water around Pekanbaru where many people, including water supply companies, utilize the river water. Water pollution sources were identified at sensor nodes two and four, which indicated through abnormal data that various types of material were present in the river and were detected using the sensors system. Several processes are required to improve the location data accuracy, e.g., improving the algorithm using training data, performing several iterations, increasing data from the sensor, and repeating the process many times to establish the source coordinate, as shown in the results.

Evidence of spawning migration of protandrous longtail shad (Tenualosa macrura) in the Siak River estuarine, Indonesia

Longtail shad (Tenualosa macrura), an endemic species of Siak River estuary, Riau is feared to be on the brink of extinction, driven by the apparent recruitment overfishing and degradation of its habitat over the past decades. Mature females were massively caught during their migration to the spawning area, specifically for their eggs which have high economic value for the export market. Despite the effort from the Indonesian government to control the level of exploitation through open-close season and area, the infringements keep happening partly due to weak supervision from law enforcers. Moreover, there was a strong indication that the current harvest control rule is not backed with robust scientific evidences, especially on where and when the spawning migration occurred. These uncertainties were bound to be answered through a hydro-acoustic study, using scientific echosounder SIMRAD EK-60, at a transducer frequency of 120 kHz, with a total area covered 173 nmi2 (590 km2) and Elementary Sampling Distance Unit (ESDU) 0.1 nmi. In addition, repetitive (following the moon phase) oceanographic surveys were conducted during 2015–2016 on four prominent locations with a total of 16 observed stations. The result revealed a strong indication of spawning migration between the new moon and full moon, from April to November with different intensities every month. Mature males (pias) and females (terubuk) were seen in the spawning area during the waxing crescent phase in April, and movement was detected from Malaka Strait to the Siak River estuary. Largest schooling spotted at a swimming layer of 5–20 m depth and highest spawning event suspected occurred close to the water's depths bottom of the river bed during May to June. In contrast, emigration reached its peak in September. The generalised additive model (GAM) showed a linear relationship between abundance and some oceanographic parameters, with temperature and phase of the moon being the most integral factors. The occurrence of a high salinity and pH at spawning areas during high tides in the new moon and full moon phases, could certainly be the driving force for spawning migration.

Strategi Pengendalian Pencemaran Sungai Siak yang Berkelanjutan Menggunakan Pendekatan Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)

The main objective of the research is to establish a sustainable Siak River pollution management strategy, in an effort to accelerate (quick win) the strategic policy of Siak River pollution management which is one of the National Strategic category rivers located in the Sumatra Region based on Presidential Decree No. 12 of 2012 concerning the Determination of the River Basin, because the Siak River has a very large function and role in regional and economic development both locally, regionally and nationally. The approach method used is Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) with the selected method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The primary data is in the form of questionnaire data with the aim of being assessed by experts (expert judgment) who are considered competent in assessing the processing of Siak River pollution. Seven respondents identified who have the potential and are representative to contribute to obtaining expert judgment recommendations consist of Universities represented by the University of Riau (UR), the Riau Province Environmental Agency (BLH), the Sumatran Ecoregion Development Control Center, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) Jikalahari, Center for Watershed Management (BPDAS) Indragiri Rokan. Regional Research and Development Agency for Riau Province and the River Basin Center (BWS) III Sumatra. The main results of the study stated that the Siak River water pollution control strategy using the AHP approach sequentially was to rearrange the spatial function, determine the pollution load capacity (DTBP), coordination of stakeholder synergies, program socialization and counseling, supervision and monitoring, law enforcement and development. Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP).