Shunt Capacitors In Distribution Systems Research Articles

Maximize the penetration level of photovoltaic systems and shunt capacitors in distribution systems for reducing active power loss and eliminating conventional power source

In this paper, photovoltaic systems and shunt capacitors are optimally placed in three IEEE distribution systems. Moth swarm algorithm, Equilibrium optimization and Coot optimization algorithm are used to find the numbers, locations and sizes of the added electric components so that total active power loss is minimum and all constraints are satisfied. As reaching optimal solutions, voltage of nodes and current of conductors satisfy operating ranges while all added photovoltaic systems and all shunt capacitors respectively supply enough active and reactive power demands to loads. Among the three applied algorithms, Moth swarm algorithm is more complicated but it is much more effective than two others. In fact, it can reach less active power loss by 76.3% as compared to others and by 86.52%, 83.3% and 94.48% as compared to base systems. Thus, it concludes that the placement of photovoltaic systems and shunt capacitors can replace the conventional power source and Moth swarm algorithm is an effective approach in optimizing the placement of both photovoltaic systems and shunt capacitors.

Optimal allocation of renewable distributed generators and shunt capacitors in distribution system using hybrid intelligent approach

Increased utilisation of naturally available energy sources in a distribution system (DS) is customary in recent years. These RES are intermittent in nature and impact the system performance significantly. In this paper, a methodology is utilised for bidding the lowest price to the consumer based on the availability of RES. A physical communication infrastructure between the utility and user is enabled to coordinate between the RES dominant utility and consumers. The main objectives of this communication enabled user utility interface system are to minimise power loss and enhance the voltage profile simultaneously. A multi-objective approach considering active power loss index (ALPI), voltage deviation index (VDI), and voltage stability index (VSI) are presented to solve the renewable distributed generation (RDG) and shunt capacitors (SCs) allocation problem. A combination of sensitivity analysis and random walk moth flame optimisation (RWMFO) is utilised for solving the aforementioned multi-objective function. IEEE 33 and 69 bus test systems are taken for analysis. Finally, the implemented method is compared with recent techniques available in the literature.

Optimal allocation of renewable distributed generators and shunt capacitors in distribution system using hybrid intelligent approach

Optimal allocation of renewable distributed generators and shunt capacitors in distribution system using hybrid intelligent approach

Optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors in distorted distribution systems using a hybrid algorithm

In this paper, a novel hybrid phasor particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm, namely the hybrid PPSOGSA algorithm, is proposed to find the optimal size and location of shunt capacitors in distribution systems with non-linear loads. The performance of PPSOGSA are studied and evaluated using the IEEE 9- and 85-bus test systems with the objective of minimizing the total annual cost of the system. The procedure is conducted taking into account effects of harmonic distortion and discrete size of capacitors available in the market. Simulation results are compared with those obtained by other optimization techniques, and verified using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP). It was established that that the hybrid PPSOGSA algorithm provides better solutions in terms of convergence and accuracy.

Impact of Ambient Temperature on Shunt Capacitor Placement in a Distorted Radial Distribution System

In electrical distribution systems, shunt capacitors are installed in order to reduce system losses, to enhance the voltage profile, and to free up system capacity. Nevertheless, the installation of shunt capacitors in distribution systems with distorted waveforms will magnify the distortion level of harmonics if they are not set at appropriate locations relative to the harmonics. This paper proposes a hybrid method to determine the placement and sizing of shunt capacitors in distorted radial distribution systems, taking into account the presence of harmonic distortion with consideration of ambient temperature effects, (this technique consists of the fuzzy expert system approach and the Genetic Algorithm method). This hybrid technique is applied to an IEEE 34-bus radial standard distribution system as well as a real distribution system in the Saudi Electricity Company. The simulation results show that harmonic distortion considerably reduces and the efficiency of distribution systems increases with a reduction in power loss and enhancement of voltage regulation.

Simultaneous placement and sizing of DGs and shunt capacitors in distribution systems by using IMDE algorithm

This paper presents a new optimization algorithm, named intersect mutation differential evolution (IMDE) to optimally locate and to determine the size of DGs and capacitors in distribution networks simultaneously. The objective function is taken to minimize the power loss and loss expenses providing that the bus voltage and line current remain in their limits. Simulation results on IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus standard distribution systems show the efficiency and the superior performance of the proposed method when it is compared with other algorithms.

New Sensitivity based Approach for Optimal Allocation of Shunt Capacitors in Distribution Networks Using PSO

This paper proposes a new methodology for optimal allocation of shunt capacitors in distribution systems. The proposed method combines various objectives and constraints into a Comprehensive Constraint Multi-objective Function. The function has been optimized using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based method. Attempts have also been made to improve the performance of PSO. The search space of PSO is reduced by introducing a new reactive power flow sensitivity approach that determines the set of candidate nodes suitable for capacitor placement and also by employing a new constrained particle structure. The proposed method is tested on a 69-bus test distribution system and the application results are promising.

Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation and Shunt Capacitors for the Reduction of Total Voltage Deviation and Total Line Loss in Radial Distribution Systems Using Binary Collective Animal Behavior Optimization Algorithm

This article presents a novel binary collective animal behavior algorithm to solve the problem of optimal allotment of distributed generation sets and shunt capacitors in radial distribution systems. Simultaneous sizing and placement of distributed generation units and shunt capacitors in distribution systems is a very complex optimization task, because it is a problem of combinatorial analysis with mixed-integer and binary variables and hard restrictions. With the objective of optimal allotment of shunt capacitor banks and distributed generations, a binary collective animal behavior algorithm optimizes the total line loss, or the total voltage deviation separately in a distribution system, by optimally and simultaneously allocating capacitor banks and distributed generations of optimal ratings, considering the topology of a radial distribution network. The binary collective animal behavior algorithm is applied on various balanced IEEE radial distribution networks. The results are compared to those of a conventional binary particle swarm optimization algorithm to establish the optimization superiority of binary collective animal behavior algorithm.

Optimal Location and Sizing of Shunt Capacitors in Distribution Systems by Considering Different Load Scenarios

In this work, Self-adaptive Differential Evolutionary (SaDE) algorithm is proposed to solve Optimal Location and Size of Capacitor (OLSC) problem in radial distribution networks. To obtain the SaDE algorithm, two improvements have been applied on control parameters of mutation and crossover operators. To expand the study, three load conditions have been considered, i.e., constant, varying and effective loads. Objective function is introduced for the load conditions. The annual cost is fitness of problem, in addition to this cost, CPU time, voltage profile, active power loss and total installed capacitor banks and their related costs have been used for comparisons. To confirm the ability of each improvements of SaDE, the improvements are studied both in separate and simultaneous conditions. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it is tested on IEEE 10-bus and 34-bus radial distribution networks and compared with other approaches.

A new approach for optimal capacitor placement and sizing in unbalanced distorted distribution systems using hybrid honey bee colony algorithm

Despite increase in application of distributed generations (DGs) in power systems in recent years and their positive impacts, DG’s are likely to amplify the harmonic distortion level. Moreover, placing shunt capacitors in distribution systems without considering harmonics may increase harmonic pollution of distribution systems due to imposed resonance between shunt capacitors and inductive elements of the power system. In addition, distribution systems are inherently unbalanced due to their different loads. Hence, in case shunt capacitors are not optimally placed, system unbalance and harmonic level may increase.In this article, an attempt was made to achieve optimal capacitor placement using a hybrid honey bee colony (HHBC) optimization algorithm aiming to minimize power system losses and unbalances and maximize the ensuing net saving while maintaining voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) of buses in an acceptable range according to IEEE standards. To include the presence of harmonics, the method was integrated with a three-phase harmonic power flow algorithm. Having defined a special fitness function, effects of power system unbalances and harmonics, were taken into account. The proposed method were tested on two unbalanced distorted radial distribution test systems (including an IEEE 25-bus and a modified IEEE 37-bus) with and without the presence of DGs. Simulation results have been compared with those from standard artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and other such artificial intelligence techniques as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA). These results suggest that the proposed methodology offer acceptable numerical accuracy, robustness and efficiency and demonstrate that the proposed approach may outperform other artificial intelligence techniques.

Capacitor placement in three-phase distribution systems with nonlinear and unbalanced loads

The problem of choosing optimal locations and sizes for shunt capacitors in distribution systems is addressed. The objective of the capacitor placement procedure is not only to minimise the power losses along distribution feeders, but also to make sure that these capacitors will have the minimum possible impact on the harmonic distortion of bus voltages in the system. Furthermore, the fact that distribution systems can operate under unbalanced loading conditions, means that the optimisation will have to account for any unbalances in the system. An optimisation program, which successfully solves the problem is developed and tested. Results obtained by simulation of a distribution test system under various operating conditions, are presented to validate the proposed solution methods.