Shrimp Processing Industry Research Articles

Sustainable and Environment-Friendly Management of Shrimp Processing Waste through High-Quality Chitosan Production

The shrimp processing industry generates substantial waste, including shells, heads, and tails, which, if not properly managed, can contribute to significant environmental issues, such as pollution and disease transmission. This study explores the conversion of shrimp waste into chitosan, a valuable biopolymer with applications across multiple industries, by utilizing its chitin, protein, and mineral content. The extraction process involved demineralization with 1M HCl, deproteinization with 3.5% NaOH, and deacetylation with 60% NaOH. The resulting chitosan exhibited high quality, characterized by a crystal structure, white color, odorless powder form, 73.7% degree of deacetylation (DD), 64% yield, solubility in acetic acid, and water content of 1.5%. This research highlights an environmentally responsible approach to shrimp waste management, providing a method for repurposing waste into a high-value material that meets industry standards, supporting environmental sustainability and circular economy practices.

Combinatorial Green Optimization of Individual Quick Freezer for Energy Savings through Linear Programming and Decision Theory of Shrimp Processing Industry : A Mathematical Approach

Combinatorial Green Optimization of Individual Quick Freezer for Energy Savings through Linear Programming and Decision Theory of Shrimp Processing Industry : A Mathematical Approach

Characteristics of Petis White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Waste with the Addition of Kluwak Fruit (Pangium edule)

The shrimp processing industry produces a lot of waste that can become a pollutant for the environment if not managed properly. Shrimp waste such as heads, tails and carapace, if processed properly, can become a fishery diversification product that is able to provide added value to the community. The high protein content can be a consideration in processing shrimp waste into by-products as a substitute for food products. This study aims to analyze the effect of the addition of kluwak fruit on water content, protein content and hedonic value of white leg shrimp waste petis. The research method used was an experimental method with petis treatment added by kluwak with 4 different concentrations, namely (A) 0 g concentration (control), (B) 10 g concentration, (C) 20 g concentration, and (D) 30 g concentration. The results showed that the addition of kluwak fruit provided a real difference in the value of water content and protein content in white leg shrimp waste petis. The addition of kluwak fruit to white leg shrimp waste petis produced the best hedonic scale organoleptic value in treatment (D) with a concentration of 30 g.

Modification, Blending, Characterization, and Investigation of Thermal Properties, pH Response of Chitosan-based Polymer Extracted from Labeo rohita Scales

Modern shrimp farming began in India during the late 1980s in response to increasing global demand for shrimp and government policies aimed at promoting seafood exports. Corporate entities provided the necessary capital to build hatcheries, farms, and processing plants. However, a survey revealed that the major waste materials generated by these shrimp processing industries in India have become a major problem. In the present work, chitin is extracted and purified from the scale of fish Labeo rohita and modified into chitosan. Chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were blended in various ratios to prepare a composite material and films. The blended material was characterized using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a few other analyses to understand the polymer’s nature. The work demonstrated that fish scales can serve as a valuable raw material for chitin, chitosan and these polymer-based products. Chitosan, being easily accessible, cost-effective, and biodegradable, has wide-ranging applications in fields like clinical, biomedical, food industry, pharmaceuticals, polymer industries, etc., proper preparation of chitin, chitosan and combination with suitable compounds can lead to desired outcomes.

Potential and Trends Processing of Shrimp Industry by-Products in Food: A Review

The shrimp processing industry represents the largest fisheries sector globally due to its high demand and market value. Generally, the only shrimp parts that are often produced in factories are in the form of headless and peeled shrimp (shrimp without skin and head), about 88.5%. During processing, by-products are produced and require proper treatment. Shrimp by-product production has increased dramatically in recent years, leading to waste collection, disposal and pollution problems. The trend of utilisation of shrimp by-products needs to be carried out because these by-products have the potential to produce innovative products that have added value and are sustainable. By-products such as shrimp heads and shells contain proteins, minerals, fats, amino acids and bioactive compound components that can be used as additives and raw materials. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential utilization of shrimp processing industry by-products. By converting these by-products into value-added products such as bioplastic, flavouring, natural food pigments, shrimp oil, and protein hydrolysates. Processing using various conventional and enzymatic extraction methods has the potential to reduce by-products. Utilisation of shrimp by-products can provide an attractive alternative to reduce dependence on synthetic products in the food industry, while providing the added benefit of more efficient and environmentally friendly by-product management.

Product diversification to boost the sustainability of the shrimp processing industry: The case of shrimp-waste driven chitosan-based food Pickering emulsion stabilizers

Diversifying the product portfolio of the shrimp processing industry using its waste streams could contribute to its environmental sustainability and economic resilience. Considering that this study aimed to increase the commercial value of shrimp shell waste by using chitosan extracted from these wastes as a food emulsion stabilizer. More specifically, chitin was extracted from shrimp shell waste, and chitosan was then prepared from chitin by deacetylation. The findings showed that the extraction efficiency and degree of deacetylation of chitosan were 23% and 83%, respectively. After that, stearic acid was added to chitosan chains to improve its emulsifying properties. Then, the chitosan/stearic acid–stabilized flaxseed oil and olive oil emulsions were prepared in three oil ratios (20, 40 and 60%). The interfacial structure study showed that compared to flaxseed oil droplets, the olive oil droplets’ surface was better covered with the chitosan/stearic acid nanogels. Moreover, the rheological study indicated a stronger gel-like structure in olive oil emulsions than the flaxseed oil emulsions, particularly at 60% oil. The dried emulsions indicated that the olive oil was encapsulated better than flaxseed oil by the chitosan-based particles, and less oil leakage was observed for dried olive oil emulsions. Better encapsulation of olive oil with chitosan/stearic acid nanogels could be attributed to the higher polarity and viscosity of olive oil compared to flaxseed oil and the greater similarity of olive oil fatty acid profile with stearic acid attached to chitosan. In general, these findings showed that the stabilizer developed from shrimp shell waste is suitable for stabilizing emulsions containing more polar oils with less degree of unsaturation. The results obtained could contribute to enhancing the sustainability of the shrimp processing industry by diversifying its product portfolio.

Social Innovation through Shrimp Shell Waste Management: Concept, Implementation, and Results

Pekan Labuhan Village, Medan Labuhan District, as one of the areas that has economic potential in the form of a household-scale shrimp processing industry (Ngopek). The research question is how is the concept, implementation, and results of solving the problem of shrimp shell waste? This research was conducted in Pekan Labuhan Neighborhood Village 25 where the majority of people here produce shrimp shell waste. The research method is descriptive qualitative with a constructivist approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results of this study show that the concept applied in this program is that the management of shrimp shell waste has the potential to develop an industry for processing shrimp waste into chitin and chitosan. This program is run by a group called the Amanah Workers Group (PEMANAH). In its implementation, as a form of response to these problems, a program was created that can be said to solve these problems with the concept of integrated waste management ecosystem. Finally, the results of this program can be realized in the form of added value in at least three aspects, namely social, economic and environmental aspects.

Implementation of Ammonia (NH3) Gas Level Detection Tool in the Shrimp Processing Industry

Air contaminated with ammonia can cause respiratory problems, ammonia is colorless but has a pungent odor and is corrosive and highly toxic even at low concentrations. When ammonia enters the atmosphere and combines with air pollutants, especially nitrogen and sulfur oxide compounds from nearby vehicles, power plants and factories, it forms PM 2.5 which can be inhaled so that it can penetrate deeper into the lungs, increasing the risk of disease in the lower respiratory tract. lower. This research focuses on the implementation of an ammonia gas detector in a room that functions to detect air imbalances. This serves to overcome air pollution to employees who are in the shrimp factory production room, with this tool it can provide an early warning of excess ammonia gas in the shrimp factory production room to produce output. The ammonia gas detector in the industrial production room of the shrimp factory is based on ATMega 328P. The results showed that the average ammonia gas content in the storage room was within normal limits. The results showed that the average ammonia gas content in the storage room was within normal limits. However, the concentration of NH3 content can be increased by several other factors including the length of time of storage and the volume of shrimp in the storage room. The concentration of NH3 in the air ranges from 3-8 ppm in the shrimp storage room.

Circular Economy Policy of Shrimp Waste as an Effort to Implement Green Economy

This study aims at determining the conditions and characteristics of shrimp waste, the economic value of the potential for shrimp waste, as well as the policy direction for implementing the Circular Economy of Shrimp Waste as a Green Economy Alternative in the Bulak Banteng Kenjeran Coastal Area, Surabaya City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative with the process hierarchy analysis technique (AHP). The data collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires and in-depth interviews with selected respondents. The results showed that the characteristics of shrimp waste in the form of shrimp heads and shells were still not used for economic value activities, and people dumped them in gutters around homes and at sea. The priority policy directions that can be applied to the Circular Economy of Shrimp Waste as an Alternative to a Green Economy are; 1) providing innovation and technology for economic-based shrimp waste processing with a total CR (consistency ratio) value of 1.878; 2) to improve environmental health by not disposing of shrimp waste around the house, the total value of CR is 1.127; and, 3) the government provides a shrimp processing industry for fishermen with a total CR value of 0.094. Each policy priority can be carried out in synergy so that shrimp waste can be handled properly.

ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY AS DETERIORATED BY EFFLUENT DISCHARGED FROM MAJOR SHRIMP PROCESSING INDUSTRIES OF RUPSHA UPAZILA, KHULNA, BANGLADESH

A Comparative study was carried out in different shrimp processing industries at Rupsha Upazila under Khulna district from January 2010 to December 2010. In the experiment, some water quality parameters were determined to sketch out the nutrient dynamics of the experimental area. The nutrient contents of water were analyzed for measuring temperature, pH, EC, salinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), hardness and some major ionic concentrations. The temperature of the water samples were ranged from 29.1°C to 29.3 °C and the pH varied from 8.0 to 8.12 which reflected neutral to alkaline in nature. The values of SAR, SSP and hardness were ranged from 4.28 to 8.65, 71.24 to 81.847 percent and 239.1 to 312.3 mg L-1, respectively. Among the five industries the hazardous classes of the four industries reflected High sodium (alkali) content with medium salinity hazard. So, from the result, it may be concluded that appropriate sustainable management technologies need to be incorporated to control pH, hardness and salinity of that water.

IMPACT OF SHRIMP PROCESSING INDUSTRIES ON THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF RUPSHA UPAZILA, KHULNA, BANGLADESH

A Comparative study was carried out in different shrimp processing industries at Rupsha Upazila under Khulna district during 2010. In the experiment, some soils which are collected from nearby fields of the industries and the agricultural field that approximately 100 meters away from the industries were determined to sketch out the nutrient dynamics of the experimental area. The nutrient contents of water were analyzed for measuring pH, EC, Salt percentage and some major ionic concentrations. The pH was more than 8.0 in the polluted soil which reflected alkaline in nature. The EC values was also higher (7.7 dSm-1) in polluted soil than in controlled soil (5.54 dSm-1). Other values of major ionic concentrations were differing from controlled soils to polluted soils except Ca, Mg. Among the five industries, Lockpur fish processing industry showed the most effectively increased the values and concentrations of different chemical parameters. High sodium (alkali) content with medium salinity hazard is the major problem in the investigated area. So, appropriate sustainable management technologies need to be incorporated to control pH and salinity hazard.

Growth performance, haematological parameters and proximate composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed varying dietary levels of protein hydrolysate from heads of Penaeus monodon shrimp processing industry

Fish farming is a huge industry in Vietnam, but there is a shortage of protein supplements for fish diets. A potential great source of protein supplement is the co-products of shrimp processing. The present study aimed to investigate the growth performance and haematological parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles fed diets containing four different concentrations of shrimp head protein hydrolysates (0% as the control, 1, 3 or 5% SHPH, four replicates per treatment). Rainbow trout juveniles were randomly distributed into 12 tanks at a density of 30 individuals/tank and were fed twice a day at 8:00 and 17:00 for 8 weeks. Mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival (SR) were calculated. Significant differences (p<0.05) in MWG, SGR, FCR, PER and SR were detected between treatments, with fish fed 5% SHPH performing the best. Mean white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) significantly increased as dietary protein hydrolysate increased in the diet. Protein and triglyceride concentrations in plasma were not significantly affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). Furthermore, muscle and whole body lipid contents were higher in fish fed 3% and 5% protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads than other groups, but muscle and body protein contents in the group fed 5% were higher than other groups. Results from the present study showed that protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads has good potential for use as protein supplement in rainbow trout diets up to 5%. Supplemental dietary protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads also has potential as an immune enhancer because of an increase in WBC. These data provide a potential use for a current waste product and might serve as a model for other countries that have both warm water crustacean industries and cold water fish industries. Further studies to explore the use of protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads in fish diets at more than 5% are recommended.

Sistem Pendeteksi Gas Amonia (Nh3) Untuk Keamanan Ruang Produksi Pada Industri Pengolahan Udang Berbasis Arduino

Obtain the design ammonia gas detection system (NH3) for and obtain information on the performance of the ammonia gas detection system (NH3) for the safety of the production room in the Atmega 328P-based shrimp processing industry. The software design will be carried out in research includes software design for the microcontroller to the LCD and the fan circuit. The microcontroller software of instructions that will be executed by the microcontroller for controlling ADC, LCD and fan circuits. This research software is made using the BASCOM language and the AvrOsp II compiler. The design of the ammonia gas detection system (NH3) for the safety of the production room in the Arduino-based shrimp processing industry can already be used because it has passed a feasibility test on the user and design aspects which include the efficiency and level of accuracy of the sensor on the Arduino-based Ammonia gas detection system. and obtained a value of 91.7% with a decent category. The feasibility test of all aspects assessed can be categorized as feasible with a percentage of 90.5%.

Isotherms studies of equilibrium sorption of Cu2+ unto hydrochloric acid modified shrimp shell waste

Shrimp shell waste contains protein and chitin, which can be converted into chitosan. Chitosan compound was obtained from deacetylation of chitin and can be used as an adsorbent for various heavy metals. In this study, the shrimp processing industry's solid waste containing heads, shells, and tails was mashed and used directly to adsorb Cu 2+ ions. The adsorption process was carried out in batch mode with an adsorbate initial concentration (C 0 ) of 40 ppm. The effects of several process parameters observed were contact time (0 to 180 min), adsorbent dosage (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 g), and adsorption temperature (30, 40, and 50 °C). The equilibrium time for Cu 2+ ion adsorption using shrimp shell waste powder was attained at 150 min, with a concentration at equilibrium (C e ) of 24.25 ppm. The highest adsorption capacity of 97.81% was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 10 g and an adsorption temperature of 50 °C. The adsorption isotherm was studied using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Harkins Jura, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DRK) equations. Of the five adsorption isotherms used, the Harkin Jura isotherm model gives the highest R 2 value of 0.9891. Adsorption in this study includes physical adsorption with the heat of adsorption (ΔH) of 7.90 kJ/mol and endothermic adsorption.

Utilization of Shrimp Head Wastes into Powder Form as Raw Material for Value-Added Products

Shrimp processing industries produce large amounts of wastes in the form of shrimp heads, shells, and tails, which are more or less 50% of the raw materials. Improper disposal of these nutrient-rich wastes can cause environmental problems if not duly managed. This study aims to utilize Penaeus monodon shrimp head wastes into powder form using a cabinet type drier and establish the processing yield and important product qualities. Two treatments of shrimp head powders were studied: shrimp head powder with carapace (SHPwc) and shrimp head powder without carapace (SHPwoc). The yields obtained were 26.72% for SHPwc while 20.42% for SHPwoc; both are considered to have significant value since both are produced from wastes. Both products have satisfactory water activity levels; however, the bulk density was high, and the solubility was lower than other published powdered seafood by-products. Both products have light orange or brown color: however, in both odor and flavor, SHPwoc had a higher mean general acceptability, with “like slightly-like moderately” results. SHPwoc was subjected to a shelf-life study with added salt and ascorbic acid preservatives. Monthly analyses revealed that the microbiological parameters are still within limits, and both moisture and pH values were acceptable after eight months of storage at ambient temperature (28-30°C). However, the peroxide value is acceptable until only the sixth month, which signifies the end of shelf-life based on theoretical sensory changes. The results of this study show the promising significance of utilizing shrimp processing wastes into seafoodbased products.

Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Short chain chitooligosaccharides (COs) are chitin derivative molecules involved in plant-fungus signaling during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. In host plants, COs activate a symbiotic signalling pathway that regulates AM-related gene expression. Furthermore, exogenous CO application was shown to promote AM establishment, with a major interest for agricultural applications of AM fungi as biofertilizers. Currently, the main source of commercial COs is from the shrimp processing industry, but purification costs and environmental concerns limit the convenience of this approach. In an attempt to find a low cost and low impact alternative, this work aimed to isolate, characterize and test the bioactivity of COs from selected strains of phylogenetically distant filamentous fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Trichoderma viride. Our optimized protocol successfully isolated short chain COs from lyophilized fungal biomass. Fungal COs were more acetylated and displayed a higher biological activity compared to shrimp-derived COs, a feature that—alongside low production costs—opens promising perspectives for the large scale use of COs in agriculture.

Rapid detection of fraudulence in seven commercial shrimp products by species-specific PCR assays

Species-specific PCR assay was developed for the authentication of commercially important seven shrimp species. Species-specific primers were designed by targeting the mitochondrial 16S RNA and Internal Transcriber Spacer (ITS1) genes. The PCR assays generated the amplicons of 276, 204, 362, 778, 212, 318 and 330 bp length for Penaeus vannamei, Fenneopenaeus indicus, Penaeus monodon, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Metapenaeus affinis, Heterocarpus gibbosus,and Penaeus semisulcatus, respectively. The specificity of primers was confirmed with targeted shrimps and non-targeted fishes. The limit of detection of shrimp species was achieved with 1–0.1 ng/μl. The developed assays were validated with 68 commercial shrimp products, and the results revealed 16% of mislabeling. Since, the developed PCR assays possess specificity, sensitivity, and applicability, it can be used as an official method for authentication in shrimp processing industries by the regulatory authorities.

Proximate composition and organoleptic evaluation of extruded snacks enriched with shrimp processing by-product

The shrimp processing industries generate millions of tonnes of by-product annually, which result in a loss of edible portion and presents a considerable waste disposal problem. An attempt was made to develop nutrient rich extruded product from underutilized shrimp shell powder (Litopenaeus vannamei) with mixture of cereal flours using twin screw extruder. Ready to eat snack was developed using shrimp shell powder (5%, 10%, and 15%) mixed with mixture of rice, corn and sorghum and prepared spice mixture. Extrusion cooking formulation consisting of shrimp shell powder and cereals mixture were extruded at moisture content 7 per cent, screw speed 350 rpm, sectional barrel temperature of 60o C and 120oC and 2 mm diameter of die. Extruded product was fried in edible oil with prepared spice mixture. The resulting extruded was analysed nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. Highest Protein content was found in SSP 15% enriched extruded snack (13.07±0.27%) and was lowest in control extruded snack (8.73±0.07%). However, addition of more than 5% of shrimp shell powder reduced the acceptability and hence the optimum percentage of shrimp shell powder that can be added to extruded snack product is 5%.

Economic Evaluation and Techno-Economic Sensitivity Analysis of a Mass Integrated Shrimp Biorefinery in North Colombia.

The high freshwater consumption requirements in shrimp biorefinery approaches represents one of the major drawbacks of implementing these technologies within the shrimp processing industry. This also affects the costs associated with the plant operation, and consequently, the overall economic performance of the project. The application of mass integration tools such as water pinch analysis can reduce frewshwater consumption by up to 80%, contributing to shrimp biorefinery sustainability. In this work, the economic evaluation and the techno-economic sensitivity analysis for a mass integrated approach for shrimp biorefinery were performed to determine the economic feasibility of the project when located in the North-Colombia region and to identify the critical techno-economic variables affecting the profitability of the process. The integrated approach designed to process 4113.09 tons of fresh shrimp in Colombia reaches a return on investment (%ROI) at 65.88% and a net present value (NPV) at 10.40 MM USD. The process supports decreases of up to 28% in capacity of production and increases of 12% and 11% in the cost of raw materials and variable operating costs without incurring losses, respectively. These findings suggest that the proposed design of the water recycling network coupled to a shrimp biorefinery approach is attractive from an economic point of view.

Wastewater Treatment on Shrimp Processing Industry

Increasingly rapid industrial development poses serious environmental problems such as wastewater.The higher the number of production, the more waste that wasted and can decrease the environment quality. Fieldwork practice activity is carried out starting from the date of January 20, 2014, until February 15, 2014. The purpose of this fieldwork practice is to acquire knowledge and skills on the field of wastewater treatment technique and to know the parameters of the wastewater inlet and outlet channels in comparison with wastewater quality standards. The method that used in Field Work Practice This is descriptive, the method to describe the circumstances or events in a particular region. The result obtained from fieldwork practice known that wastewater treatment techniques consist of preliminary treatment activities, primary treatment, secondary treatment, sedimentation, and disinfection. Preliminary treatment activities is a filtering process substantial in the wastewater that comes out of the inlet channel using four mesh size of the net. The primary treatment for separating solids that escaped from the screening process and disposed to wastewater reservoirs. Secondary treatment activity including Aerobacter sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrobacter sp., Bacillus sp. of bacteria and oxygen addition inside of wastewater. Sedimentation phase separation process is carried out suspended solids in wastewater using clarifier pond. Disinfection stage which activities the addition of chlorine with 222 ppm of doses to kill harmful pathogens. The final stage test to determine the parameters of wastewater effluent quality by using living fishes and taking the sample from another institution.