Shrimp Penaeus Monodon Postlarvae Research Articles

Evaluation of diatom Halamphora sp. and harpacticoid copepod Amphiascoides neglectus as live food for black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae

The present study investigated on the potential use of marine benthic diatom Halamphora sp. and harpacticoid copepod Amphiascoides neglectus enriched with Halamphora sp. on the growth, biochemical composition, water quality performance and disease tolerance of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae culture. The introduction of Halamphora sp. and enriched harpacticoid copepod (EHC) as feed to the postlarvae increased the final weight gain (38.10 ± 1.50 to 40.43 ± 1.17 mg/individual), weight gain (1267.97 ± 24.59 to 1321.09 ± 22.53%) and specific growth rate (9.34 ± 0.22 to 9.47 ± 0.26% day−1) significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the commercial feed. The protein and lipid contents of the postlarvae fed with EHC (protein: 15.26 ± 0.40% wet weight (WW); lipid: 1.91 ± 0.07% WW) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to Halamphora sp. (protein: 13.66 ± 0.51%WW; lipid: 1.70 ± 0.01% WW) and the commercial feed. Moreover, the inclusion of Halamphora sp. and EHC into the postlarvae zero exchange water culture yielded lower nitrite (0.141 to 0.181 mg L−1), nitrate (3.15 to 8.50 mg L−1), orthophosphate (1.38 to 1.90 mg L−1), and total ammonia nitrogen (0.01 to 0.77 mg L−1) levels compared to the commercial feed. Finally, the incorporation of EHC into the diet also protected the postlarvae from the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus by demonstrating the highest survival rate (63.33%) of the postlarvae compared to Halamphora sp. (mortality rate: 63.33%) and commercial feed (mortality rate: 100%) treatments after 72 h of the challenge test. The current findings highlighted the great potential of using EHC as live food for better growth performance of P. monodon postlarvae as well as the protection against virulent shrimp pathogens.

Nursery of the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus Monodon Postlarvae in a Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources

Nursery of the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus Monodon Postlarvae in a Biofloc System with Different Carbon Sources

Effect of hot water extracts of brown seaweeds Sargassum spp. on growth and resistance to white spot syndrome virus in shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a hot water extract of brown seaweeds Sargassum duplicatum and Sargassum wightii on the growth and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) resistance in shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL). Artemia nauplii (instar II) were enriched with both seaweed extracts at various concentrations (250, 500 and 750 mg L−1) and fed to the respective P. monodon (PL15–35) group for 20 days. A control group was also maintained without seaweed extract supplementation. The weight gain of the experimental groups was significantly higher (0.274–0.323 g) than the control group (0.261 g). Similarly, the specific growth rate was also significantly higher (16.27–17.06%) in the experimental groups than in the control group (16.03%). After 20 days of the feeding experiment, the shrimp PL were challenged with WSSV for 21 days. During the challenge test, the control shrimp displayed 100% mortality within 8 days. In contrast, the mortality percentage of the highest concentration (750 mg L−1) of seaweed extract enriched Artemia nauplii fed shrimp was 54–79%. Comparatively, low mortality was observed in S. wightii extract-enriched Artemia nauplii fed shrimp. The polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the concentration-dependent infection of WSSV in P. monodon PL.

Screening of marine Streptomyces spp. for potential use as probiotics in aquaculture

Marine Streptomyces strains (CLS-28, CLS-39 and CLS-45) were used to colonise Artemia nauplii (Instar I) and 15 d old adult Artemia prior to challenge with Vibrio harveyi and V. proteolyticus. The LC 50 of V. harveyi and V. proteolyticus was found to be ∼ 10 6 CFU ml − 1 . V. proteolyticus was more pathogenic than V. harveyi at 10 6 CFU ml − 1 . A significant reduction in mortality ( P < 0.001) was found by addition of 1% wet cell mass of Streptomyces strains in nauplii and adult Artemia against both the pathogens. The best protective responses were shown by CLS-39 in both nauplii and adults against V. harveyi and by CLS-39 in nauplii and CLS-28 in adults against V. proteolyticus. Shrimp feeds were supplemented with Streptomyces cell mass at 1% dosage and fed to black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae for 15 d in three treatments with two treatments of commercial probiotic (T1: feed + CLS-28; T2: feed + CLS-39; T3: feed + CLS-45; T4: feed + Sanolife® commercial probiotic and T5: Sanolife® commercial probiotic in water). During this time, ammonia was in the range of 1 to 2 ppm in all the treatments with significant differences between treatments ( P < 0.05). Significant differences ( P < 0.05) were also found in survival, total length and wet weight of the shrimp postlarvae during the 15 d trial. T5 showed the best gains in terms of length and weight followed by T1, T2, T3 and T4. Streptomyces treatments T1, T2 and T3 showed better survival and higher length and weight than the control and T4. Total heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio counts were in the range of 10 8 and 10 6 CFU ml − 1 respectively in all the treatments. The Vibrio population differed significantly in the treatments ( P < 0.05) and the total bacterial counts showed no significant differences in the treatments ( P > 0.05). After challenge with V. harveyi at 10 7 CFU ml − 1 , highest survival was found in T1 and T5. Among the Streptomyces treatments, T1 showed significantly higher survival compared to the control, followed by T2 and T3. Thus Streptomyces strains show promise as probiotic agents in mariculture.

Delivery of HUFA, probionts and biomedicine through bioencapsulated Artemia as a means to enhance the growth and survival and reduce the pathogenesity in shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarvae

One of the major problems in the shrimp culture industry is the difficulty in producing high-quality shrimp larvae. In larviculture, quality feeds containing a high content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and ingredients that stimulate stress and disease resistance are essential to produce healthy shrimp larvae. In the present study, Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL15) were fed for 25 days on an unenriched Artemia diet (control; A) or on a diet of Artemia enriched with either HUFA-rich liver oil of the trash fish Odonus niger (B), probionts [Lactobacillus acidophilus (C1) or yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (C2)] or biomedicinal herbal products (D) that have anti-stress, growth-promoting and anti-microbial characteristics. P. monodon postlarvae fed unenriched Artemia exhibited the lowest weight gain (227.9 ± 8.30 mg) and specific growth rate (9.95 ± 0.05%), while those fed the HUFA-enriched Artemia (B) exhibited the highest weight gain and specific growth rate (362.34 ± 12.56 mg and 11.77 ± 0.08%, respectively). At the end of the 25-day rearing experiment, the shrimp postlarvae (PL40) were subjected to a salinity stress study. At both low and high (0 and 50‰) salinities, the group fed the control diet (A) experienced the highest cumulative mortality indices (CMI) 935.7 ± 2.1 and 1270.7 ± 3.1, respectively. Those fed diet D showed the lowest stress-induced mortality, and CMI were reduced by 31.1 and 32.3% under conditions of low and high salinity stress, respectively. A 10-day disease challenge test was conducted with the P. monodon postlarvae (PL40–PL50) by inoculating the shrimp with the pathogen Vibrio harveyi at the rate of 105–107 CFU/ml in all rearing tanks. P. monodon postlarvae fed probiont-encapsulated Artemia diets (C1 and C2) exhibited the highest survival (94.3 and 82.3%, respectively) and lowest pathogen load (V. harveyi) in hepatopancreas (5.2 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 and 4.6 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) and muscle (2.0 × 102 ± 6 × 10 and 1.7 × 102 ± 8.6 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) tissues. The shrimp that were fed the unenriched Artemia (Control; A) showed the lowest survival (26.33%) and highest bacterial load in the hepatopancreas (1.0 × 105 ± 5 × 103 CFU g−1) and muscle (3.6 × 104 ± 6 × 102 CFU g−1). The shrimp fed the herbal product (D)-enriched Artemia also exhibited enhanced survival and reduced V. harveyi load in the tissues tested compared to the control diet (A) group. The results are discussed in terms of developing a quality larval feed to produce healthy shrimp larvae.