Shoulder Rating Questionnaire Research Articles

Effects of a Home-Based Exercise Programme on Shoulder Pain and Functional Status in Garment Workers

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, particularly shoulder pain, are a prevalent concern among garment workers, who often engage in repetitive and manual tasks. Previous research has indicated a high incidence of shoulder pain in this population, with a need for effective interventions to mitigate these issues. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a home-based exercise program in reducing shoulder pain and improving functional status among garment workers. Methods: This experimental study involved 60 male and female tailors with work-related shoulder pain, randomly divided into an intervention and a control group (30 participants each). Participants were selected based on specific criteria, including experiencing pain in the glenohumeral joint area and showing at least two positive signs of shoulder impingement. Exclusion criteria included a history of rotator cuff surgery, shoulder dislocation, or pain only in the neck or shoulder blade. The intervention group underwent a four-week home-based exercise program, including stretching and strengthening exercises targeting the pectoralis minor muscle, upper trapezius, serratus anterior, and external shoulder rotation. The Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) was used for pre- and post-intervention assessments. Results: Post-intervention, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the SRQ score from 62.6 (±1.99) to 77.0 (±2.54) (p = 0.016), a reduction in work-related pain from 4.9 (±0.51) to 2.4 (±0.31) (p = 0.041), and a decrease in work-related disability from 4.3 (±0.40) to 2.6 (±0.46) (p = 0.032). The satisfaction score also significantly improved from 4.1 (±0.43) to 6.5 (±0.22) (p = 0.003). In contrast, the control group did not exhibit any significant changes in these measures. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that a structured home-based exercise program can significantly reduce shoulder pain and improve functional status among garment workers. This suggests the potential for such interventions to be integrated into occupational health strategies, particularly in sectors prone to work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Effectiveness of an outpatient rehabilitation programme in patients with neuralgic amyotrophy and scapular dyskinesia: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundNeuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is an acute inflammation of nerves within the brachial plexus territory leading to severe pain and multifocal paresis resulting in >60% of patients having residual complaints and...

Cerebral Adaptation Associated with Peripheral Nerve Recovery in Neuralgic Amyotrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a common peripheral nerve disorder caused by auto-immune inflammation of nerves in the brachial plexus territory, characterized by acute pain and weakness of the shoulder muscles, followed by motor impairment. Recent work has confirmed that NA patients with residual motor dysfunction have abnormal cerebral sensorimotor representations of their affected upper extremity. Objective: To determine whether abnormal cerebral sensorimotor representations associated with NA can be altered by specialized, multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation focused on relearning motor control. Methods: 27 NA patients with residual lateralized symptoms in the right upper extremity participated in a randomized controlled trial, comparing 17 weeks of multidisciplinary rehabilitation (n = 16) to usual care (n = 11). We used task-based functional MRI and a hand laterality judgment task, which involves motor imagery and is sensitive to altered cerebral sensorimotor representations of the upper extremity. Results: Change in task performance and related brain activity did not differ significantly between the multidisciplinary rehabilitation and usual care groups, whereas the multidisciplinary rehabilitation group showed significantly greater clinical improvement on the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire. Both groups, however, showed a significant improvement in task performance from baseline to follow-up, and significantly increased activity in visuomotor occipito-parietal brain areas, both specific to their affected upper extremity. Conclusions: Abnormal cerebral sensorimotor representations of the upper extremity after peripheral nerve damage in NA can recover toward normality. As adaptations occurred in visuomotor brain areas, multidisciplinary rehabilitation after peripheral nerve damage may be further optimized by applying visuomotor strategies. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03441347).

Reachable workspace analysis is a potential measurement for impairment of the upper extremity in neuralgic amyotrophy.

Introduction/AimsNeuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a multifocal neuropathy involving the nerves of the upper extremity, limiting functional capability and reducing range of motion. The reachable workspace (RWS) is a computerized three‐dimensinal analysis system that evaluates the relative surface area (RSA) of an individual's arm reachability and has shown utility in several neuromuscular disorders. The aims of this study were to examine the ability of the RWS to quantitatively detect limitations in upper extremity active range of motion in patients with NA, and correlate these with other upper extremity functional outcome measures.MethodsForty‐seven patients with NA and 25 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls were measured with the RWS. Study participants’ RSAs were correlated with scores on the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ), the Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and upper extremity strength measurements using hand‐held dynamometry.ResultsPatients with NA showed significantly lower values in the affected arm for all quadrants (except for the ipsilateral lower quadrant) and total RSA compared with controls (P < 0.001). We found moderate correlations between the reachable workspace, the DASH questionnaire result (r = −0.415), and serratus anterior muscle strength (r = 0.414).DiscussionRWS is able to detect limitations in active range of motion of the affected arm in patients with NA, and is moderately correlated with upper extremity functional measures. RWS can demonstrate impairment of the affected upper extremity in NA and it has potential as a clinical outcome measure.

Intra-articular corticosteroid injection for the treatment of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

Treatment for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder of the shoulder is controversial. The hypothesis of the study is that intra-articular corticosteroid injection in the early stages of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis will lead to a rapid resolution of stiffness and symptoms. This is a prosspective cohort study of only patients with stage 1 or stage 2 adhesivecapsulitis. The diagnosis was made by history and physical examination and excluding other causes of shoulder pain and loss of motion. Stage 1 adhesive capsulitis was defined as patients with significant improvement in pain and range normalization of motion following intraarticular injection. Stage 2 included patients who had significant improvement in pain and partial improvement in range of motion following intra articular injection. 7 patients with stage 1 and 23 patients with stage 2 comprised the baseline cohort. The mean age was 59 years (range: 42 to 72); 8 patients were female and 22 patients had diabetes mellitus. All patients completed physical examination and shoulder rating questionnaire for symptoms and disability. Criteria for resolution were defined as forward flexion and external rotation to within 150 of the contralateral side and internal rotation to within three spinal levels of the contralateral side.

Comprehensive supervised heavy training program versus home training regimen in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized trial

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the best training regimen for subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Several have been suggested, but never tested.The purpose of the study is to compare a comprehensive supervised training regimen (STR) based on latest evidence including heavy slow resistance training with a validated home-based regimen (HTR). We hypothesized that the STR would be superior to the HTR.MethodsRandomised control trial with blinded assessor. 126 consecutive patients with SIS were recruited and equally randomised to 12 weeks of either supervised training regimen (STR), or home-based training regimen (HTR). Primary outcomes were Constant Score (CS) and Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) from baseline and 6 months after completed training. Results were analyzed according to intention-to treat principles. The study was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Date of registration: 07/06/2021. Identification number: NCT04915430.ResultsCS improved by 22.7 points for the STR group and by 23,7 points for the HTR (p = 0.0001). The SRQ improved by 17.7 and 18.1 points for the STR and the HTR groups respectively (p = 0.0001). The inter-group changes were non-significant. All secondary outcomes (passive and active range of motion, pain on impingement test, and resisted muscle tests) improved in both groups, without significant inter-group difference.ConclusionWe found no significant difference between a comprehensive supervised training regimen including heavy training principles, and a home-based training program in patients with SIS.

A Prospective Study Comparing Arthroscopic Release, Intra-articular Steroid and Physical Therapy for Frozen Shoulder

Introduction: Frozen shoulder or Adhesive Capsulitis (AC) is a painful condition with fibrotic and contracted shoulder joint capsule. There is a lack of development of an effective treatment protocol for idiopathic AC. Aim: To evaluate the relative efficacy of Arthroscopic Capsular Release (ACR) and intra-articular steroid injections compared to standard physical therapy in isolation for frozen shoulder. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted at Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India between October 2012 to October 2015. Patients older than 40 years of age, with symptoms of AC for at least six months, without any related trauma or surgery or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and who did not respond to the conservative treatment, were selected. Ten patients were recruited each in the ACR, intra-articular steroids injection, and physical therapy groups. Shoulder Range of Motions (ROM), and the pre and post-treatment Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) scores were calculated. Data analysis was performed using a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 17). Results: The sample consisted of 12 male (40%) and 18 female (60%) patients with an average age of 52.2 years. There was no difference between the groups as far as the demographic characteristics were concerned. The SRQ scores and ROM in all the groups registered significant improvement compared to their pretreatment levels with a p-value of less than 0.005 for all three groups. However, the relative efficacy of different modes of treatment i.e. ACR, intra-articular steroid injection, and physical therapy, were found to be similar (p-value 0.165). Conclusion: The ACR does not provide any significant advantage over less invasive treatment alternatives. Therefore the authors recommend ACR only as a last option where other less invasive treatment modalities have failed.

A newly designed shoulder orthosis for patients with glenohumeral subluxation: a clinical evaluation study.

Shoulder complaints from glenohumeral subluxation are a common problem and limit patients during daily activities. To assess the clinical pros and cons and usability of a newly developed shoulder orthosis (Roessingh Omo Support [ROS]) in patients with chronic shoulder complaints. Retrospective cross-sectional study. All patients older than 18 years who received the ROS were invited. Medical information was collected from medical records. Two questionnaires were sent to the patient: The "Shoulder Rating Questionnaire" (SRQ, max 100 points) for evaluation before and during use and a custom orthosis usability questionnaire. In total, 28 patients (34 orthoses) participated in the study. Neuralgic amyotrophy was the most common diagnosis (64.3%). The SRQ showed a significant positive change of 8.9 points (from 35.0 [SD 12.6] to 43.9 [SD 14.3]). The most described goal was pain reduction (76.5%). 47.1% of the patients achieved their goal(s), and 71.4% were still using the orthosis. The mean satisfaction rate was 7.1 (SD 1.4). The use of the ROS shows a significant functional improvement (SRQ), a decrease of pain, and a high degree of satisfaction, although the individual experiences of the patients are highly variable. Some modifications to the design to improve comfort may be needed.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the shoulder rating questionnaire in patients with shoulder pain.

The aim of this study was to translate the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ-T) into Turkish and to determine the validity and reliability of the translated version in patients shoulder pain. The Turkish version of the SRQ-T was applied to patients after translation from English into Turkish. Patients with various shoulder pain complaint were included into the study if they were over 18 years. The patients with mixed-type pain, cancer pain, headache, substance abuse, severe depression, and fibromyalgia syndrome were excluded. The musculoskeletal and neurological examinations of the patients were performed. The Turkish version of the SRQ-T and Disabilities of arm, shoulder, hands-T (DASH-T) were applied to all patients. 122 patients were included in the study, and then patients are divided into two groups: Group 1, working group (n = 72); Group 2, non- working group (n = 50). The reliability and consistency of SRQ-T for all the samples were acceptable with a Cronbach's coefficient of 0.979. The test-retest method was used to determine reliability of the scale. Cronbach's alpha was measured pre-assessment and post- assessment; the values were 0.815 and 0.770, respectively. The correlation analysis was determined for all the samples and calculated as 0.780. Also, the test-retest method with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to determine reliability of the SRQ- T and its domains in group 1 and group 2. The Turkish version of the SRQ-T seems to be a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the shoulder pain in Turkish patients. Level II, Diagnostic Study.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of L'Insalata Shoulder Rating Questionnaire

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the culturally adapted Turkish version of the L’Insalata Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (TrLSRQ). Materials and methods Comprehensibility and content validity of the TrLSRQ were tested on 14 patients and seven physiotherapists, respectively. Subsequently, 90 volunteer patients with shoulder pain completed the TrLSRQ twice within a week for test–retest analysis. Correlations with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Penn Shoulder Score (PSS), and Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) were used to assess convergent validity; and pain intensity and active range of shoulder motions were measured to assess criterion validity. Results Content validity index of the TrLSRQ was 0.99. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.89); and item-total correlations were 0.37–0.74. In test–retest analysis, ICC values were 0.65–0.95 for all items; and 0.86–0.94 for the subcategories. The TrLSRQ scores were positively correlated with UEFI, and negatively correlated with other scales (p < 0.05). Its correlations with the intensity of pain and shoulder range of motions (p < 0.05) indicated that the questionnaire had good criterion validity. Conclusions The TrLSRQ is a reliable and valid measure to assess pain, activities of daily living, sports/recreation, and work in patients with shoulder pain. Implications for Rehabilitation Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important tools to assess the impact of health problems on overall well-being of the patients. The Turkish version of the L’Insalata Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (TrLSRQ) is a PROM that evaluates the impact of shoulder problems on patient's pain, daily activities, sportive/recreational activities, and work; as well as overall satisfaction with his/her shoulder, and ranking of areas in which the patient likes to see improvement. The TrLSRQ scores are well correlated with other relevant PROMs, as well as with the intensity of pain and shoulder range of motions. The TrLSRQ is a reliable and valid measure, which can be used for both clinical and research purposes to evaluate symptoms and functional status of patients with shoulder pain.

The effect of an eight-week shoulder rehabilitation intervention programme on pain and function, range of motion and muscle strength among teachers: A pilot study.

Teachers present with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders, which result in pain and poor shoulder function. To determine the effect of an eight-week shoulder rehabilitation intervention on pain and function, range of motion and muscle strength among teachers. Thirty teachers presenting with shoulder pain were recruited and divided into equal control and experimental groups. The intervention group participated in an eight-week rehabilitation programme. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included the scapular position test, range of motion, muscle strength measurements as well as a shoulder rating questionnaire. There was a significant improvement in the experimental group's internal range of motion for the dominant (p= 0.006) and non-dominant arms (p= 0.003) post-intervention. Additionally, significant improvements were found in muscle strength in the experimental group in dominant and non-dominant flexion; abduction; external rotation (p< 0.001); dominant internal rotation (p< 0.001) and non-dominant internal rotation strength (p= 0.007). Post-intervention questionnaire data found a decrease in pain (p= 0.003); improved ability to perform daily activities (p= 0.006); improved overall score (p< 0.001) and satisfaction (p= 0.023) in the intervention group compared to the control group. The implementation of a rehabilitation programme in schools should be considered to manage the prevalence of shoulder musculoskeletal disorders among teachers.

NA-CONTROL: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to compare specific outpatient rehabilitation that targets cerebral mechanisms through relearning motor control and uses self-management strategies to improve functional capability of the upper extremity, to usual care in patients with neuralgic amyotrophy

BackgroundNeuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a distinct peripheral neurological disorder of the brachial plexus with a yearly incidence of 1/1000, which is characterised by acute severe upper extremity pain. Weakness of the stabilising shoulder muscles in the acute phase leads to compensatory strategies and abnormal motor control of the shoulder - scapular dyskinesia. Despite peripheral nerve recovery, scapular dyskinesia often persists, leading to debilitating residual complaints including pain and fatigue. Evidence suggests that persistent scapular dyskinesia in NA may result from maladaptive cerebral neuroplasticity, altering motor planning. Currently there is no proven effective causative treatment for the residual symptoms in NA. Moreover, the role of cerebral mechanisms in persistent scapular dyskinesia remains unclear.MethodsNA-CONTROL is a single-centre, randomised controlled trial comparing specific rehabilitation to usual care in NA. The rehabilitation programme combines relearning of motor control, targeting cerebral mechanisms, with self-management strategies. Fifty patients will be included. Patients are recruited through the Radboud university medical center Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Patients with a (suspected) diagnosis of NA, with lateralized symptoms and scapular dyskinesia in the right upper extremity, who are 18 years or older and not in the acute phase can be included. The primary outcome is the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire score, which measures functional capability of the upper extremity. Secondary clinical outcomes include measures of pain, fatigue, participation, reachable workspace, muscle strength and quality of life. In addition, motor planning is assessed with first-person motor imagery and functional magnetic resonance imaging. In a sub-study the patients are compared to 25 healthy participants, to determine the involvement of cerebral mechanisms. This will enable interpretation of cerebral changes associated with the rehabilitation programme and functional impairments in NA.DiscussionNA-CONTROL is the first randomised trial to investigate the effect of specific rehabilitation on residual complaints in NA. It also is the first study into the cerebral mechanisms that might underlie persistent scapular dyskinesia in NA. It thus may aid the further development of mechanism-based interventions for disturbed motor control in NA and in other peripheral neurological disorders.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03441347. Registered on 20 February 2018.

Psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome questionnaires for patients with musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder.

To evaluate the psychometric properties of self-administered patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires which were used in non-surgical homogeneous populations with musculoskeletal shoulder disorders. The included studies were identified using eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of each article was assessed using the COSMIN checklist. The psychometric properties of original versions and translated versions of PROs were also assessed. Twenty articles were included. Two musculoskeletal shoulder disorders were identified that met the selection criteria: rotator cuff disease and glenohumeral instability. A total of 11 PROs were identified. In general, the methodological quality of the included studies is fair or poor. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) are the most frequently evaluated PROs for patients with rotator cuff disease, and their psychometric properties seem to vary according to what language that they are in. For glenohumeral instability, the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and the Oxford Instability Shoulder Score (OISS) are the most frequently evaluated PROs, and their psychometric properties seem to be adequate. Using for rotator cuff disease is advised, for Norwegian users, the SPADI, WORC, Oxford Shoulder Score, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand. Dutch and Persian users could use the WORC. For Greek speakers, the SPADI is recommended. Turkish users could use the rotator cuff quality-of-life measure. For glenohumeral instability, Dutch and Norwegian speakers could use the WOSI and the OISS. Italian, Japanese, and Turkish users could use the WOSI. For English users, the OISS and the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire are recommended. III.

Удлиняющая пластика подлопаточной мышцы и ее результаты при реверсивной артропластике плечевого сустава

Introduction Repair of the subscapularis attachment with reverse total shoulder replacement is important for internal rotation, in particular. Objective Evaluate subscapularis plasty techniques to improve shoulder internal rotation with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Material and methods Long-term results of shoulder arthroplasty using reverse systems were reviewed in 50 patients at 6 months to 6 years following the procedure. The patients reported problems with shoulder internal rotation and daily living chores having hand behind back with shoulder internal rotation restored to 68o and subscapularis muscles strength improved to 70 %. Technique of plasty lengthening of the subscapularis was offered to improve shoulder internal rotation with reverse total shoulder replacement. The method was used for 6 patients including 3 males and 3 females. Results Intraoperative measurements showed at least 90o of the passive shoulder internal rotation and 30o of external rotation. The practice allowed for subscapularis lengthening of 2 to 2.5 cm of intraoperative measurements. Clinical examination at 7 months to 1 year showed grade III mobilisation with the shoulder internal rotation in four patients following reverse shoulder arthroplasty and subscapularis plasty, and grade IV mobilisation in two patients. Constant Shoulder Score showed improvement of the shoulder by 67 % and measured 86 points with the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire. Shoulder internal rotation measured 3.4 ± 1.4 N/m that indicated to 83% improvement in subscapularis strength. Conclusion The technique offered showed functional improvements in shoulder internal rotation, anterior shoulder stabilization and the possibility with early rehabilitation.

Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and kinesio taping in calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder: a randomized controlled trial.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is effective in the treatment of calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff, eliciting an analgesic/anti-inflammatory action and promoting tissue regeneration. Kinesio taping (KT), another recently-introduced rehabilitative tool, exerts an analgesic and biomechanical action on joints and muscles. ESWT and KT may have a synergic effect when used in combination, but the effectiveness of the association has not been established. The aim of this study was to test if the association of KT with ESWT is superior to ESWT alone in the treatment of rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy. Randomized controlled trial. Rehabilitation Institute outpatients. Forty-two patients with rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy were randomly assigned to the experimental group (ESWT+KT, N.=21) or control (ESWT, N.=21). In the experimental group, patients underwent three sessions (once a week for 3 weeks) of ESWT with KT applied at the end of each session. Controls underwent three sessions of ESWT only. All patients were assessed before treatment (T0) and at 1 (T1), 4 (T2) and 12 weeks (T3) after the end of treatment with the following outcome measures: a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, Subjective Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SSRQ), and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS). Both groups showed significant improvement in all outcome measures, but the time course differed between the two groups. At T1 vs. T0, the improvement was significantly better in ESWT+KT than ESWT on VAS (P=0.007), DASH (P<0.0001) and SSRQ (P=0.0001). Successive improvements at T2 vs. T1 and T3 vs. T2 did not differ significantly between the groups. At the end of follow-up, ESWT+KT still showed significantly greater improvement than ESWT on VAS (P=0.02) and SSRQ (P=0.038). KT associated with ESWT seems to improve the recovery in rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy with a faster therapeutic response compared to ESWT only. Our results suggest the effectiveness of using KT as adjuvant therapy to ESWT in rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, through enhancing the short-term analgesic action and the medium- to long-term biological-regenerative effects.

Evaluation of a Workplace Exercise Program for Control of Shoulder Disorders in Overhead Assembly Work.

The aim of this study was to assess effects of exercise on shoulder musculoskeletal symptoms among employees with overhead assembly work exposures. A voluntary workplace shoulder exercise program was offered to employees in two automotive assembly departments, while two similar departments served as controls. N = 76 total workers participated. Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) and Discomfort of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) symptoms were queried monthly for 7 baseline months, followed by 6 months that included exercise. SRQ scores were higher for exercisers than among controls in the 6 exercising months, but not in the baseline months. Although the group x month interaction was significant (P < 0.05), the temporal trend was inconsistent. Exercise may have temporarily lessened decline in SRQ. It is not clear whether shorter term differences were clinically meaningful or predictive of longer term disability prevention.

Patient Reported Outcomes for Rotator Cuff Disease - Which PRO Should You Use?

Objectives:Patient reported outcomes (PRO) are important clinical and research tools that are utilized by orthopedic surgeons in order to assess health outcomes following treatment. This is particularly so in the setting of rotator cuff pathology, in which several different validated patient reported outcomes exist. However, multiple recent studies have demonstrated a lack of standardization in the utilization of these scores. Moreover, many of these scores contain numerous components, thereby making them difficult to administer in a busy ambulatory setting. The goal of this study was to quantitatively assess the commonly used PRO for rotator cuff disease in order to identify the most efficient and comprehensive ones available for clinicians.Methods:Fifteen different PROs commonly used for rotator cuff pathology were selected for review. These outcome tools were assessed by the study team and reviewed for comprehensiveness with regards to assessment of pain, strength, activity, motion, and quality of life. The comprehensiveness and efficiency of each tool was evaluated by inclusion of questions addressing each domain. PROs were also evaluated with a focus of pain criteria (night pain, baseline/general pain, pain during activities of daily living, pain during sport, and pain during work). Finally, all PROs were assessed with regards to comprehensiveness in assessing activity scores (motion/stiffness, activities of daily living, sport, and work). Comprehensiveness scores were calculated by dividing the number of domains or subdomains present by the total domains or subdomains possible. Efficiency was calculated by dividing the number of domains present by the number of questions contained in each PRO.Results:The UCLA, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), PENN, Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ), and Korean Shoulder Score (KSS) had an overall comprehensiveness score of 1.00 indicating all domains were present. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES), Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), 36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) had an overall comprehensiveness score of 0.80. The remaining PROs had a score of 0.60 or less. The highest scoring PROs for efficiency were UCLA, Constant, and Marx with scores of 1.00, 0.50, and 0.43 respectively. The UCLA, DASH, PENN, and SRQ had the highest pain comprehensiveness score of 0.60. The ASES, SST, WORC, DASH, Quick DASH, PENN, and SRQ had the highest activity comprehensiveness score of 1.00. The three highest averages of overall comprehensiveness, overall efficiency, pain comprehensiveness, and activity comprehensiveness were the UCLA, SRQ, and PENN PROs with averages of 0.78, 0.71, and 0.70 respectively.Conclusion:This is the first study to quantitatively assess quality and efficiency of patient reported outcomes for rotator cuff tears. The UCLA shoulder score was determined to be the most comprehensive and efficient when compared to fourteen other shoulder PROs in regards to the domains of pain, strength, activity, motion, and quality of life. Clinicians should consider these metrics when incorporating these tools in everyday clinical practice and research.

Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Korean Version of the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire and Shoulder Rating Questionnaire.

ObjectiveTo translate, adapt, and test the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Korean version of the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ).MethodsThe international guideline for the adaptation of questionnaires was referenced for the translation and adaptation of the original SDQ and SRQ. Correlations of the SDQ-K and SRQ-K with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) were assessed to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. To evaluate reliability, surveys were performed at baseline and a mean of 6 days later in 29 subjects who did not undergo any treatment for shoulder problems. To evaluate responsiveness, assessments were performed at baseline with 4-week intervals in 23 subjects with adhesive capsulitis who were administered triamcinolone injection into the glenohumeral joint.ResultsFifty-two subjects with shoulder-related problems were surveyed. Cronbach alpha for internal consistency was 0.82 for the summary SDQ-K and 0.75 for the summary SRQ-K. The test-retest reliability of the SDQ-K, SRQ-K, and domains of the SRQ-K ranged from 0.84 to 0.95. The SDQ-K and SRQ-K summary scores correlated well with the SPADI and NRS summary scores. Generally, the effect sizes and standardized response means of the summary scores of the SDQ-K, SRQ-K, and domains of the SRQ-K were large, reflecting their responsiveness to clinical changes after treatment.ConclusionThe reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the SDQ-K and SRQ-K were excellent. The SDQ-K and SRQ-K are feasible for Korean patients with shoulder pain or disability.

Translation, cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the shoulder rating questionnaire for use in Brazil

ObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) to the Brazilian Portuguese language, and to determine its validity, reliability and sensitivity to change in patients with functional impairment of the shoulder. MethodsAfter translation and back-translation of the original version by four independent translators, the instrument was reviewed by a committee of experts and subsequently applied to eight patients with shoulder injury (target audience) to produce the Portuguese version. Then, this version was applied to 102 patients selected from four reference centers for functional treatment of the shoulder, who had a variety of clinical diagnoses, educational levels, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds. The evaluation was performed twice with an interval of four weeks between each application. ResultsThe Brazilian version of SRQ was equivalent in terms of semantics and showed good levels of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha=0.89 and ICC=0.83). The reproducibility was high (Spearman Correlation Coefficient=0.82) and validity of the items that ranged from 0.54 to 0.99 was considered excellent. The Cohen's d and T test for repeated measures showed that the instrument is able to monitor and track improvements in shoulder function. ConclusionPsychometric criteria were found, which justify the applicability of the Brazilian version of SRQ in individuals with shoulder functional impairments.

Tradução, adaptação cultural, validade e confiabilidade do questionário de classificação do ombro para uso no Brasil

ObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) to the Brazilian Portuguese language, and to determine its validity, reliability and sensitivity to change in patients with functional impairment of the shoulder. MethodsAfter translation and back‐translation of the original version by four independent translators, the instrument was reviewed by a committee of experts and subsequently applied to eight patients with shoulder injury (target audience) to produce the Portuguese version. Then, this version was applied to 102 patients selected from four reference centers for functional treatment of the shoulder, who had a variety of clinical diagnoses, educational levels, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds. The evaluation was performed twice with an interval of four weeks between each application. ResultsThe Brazilian version of SRQ was equivalent in terms of semantics and showed good levels of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha=0.89 and ICC=0.83). The reproducibility was high (Spearman Correlation Coefficient=0.82) and validity of the items that ranged from 0.54 to 0.99 was considered excellent. The Cohen's d and T test for repeated measures showed that the instrument is able to monitor and track improvements in shoulder function. ConclusionPsychometric criteria were found, which justify the applicability of the Brazilian version of SRQ in individuals with shoulder functional impairments.