Self-reported Short Sleep Duration Research Articles

Sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and amyloid β among cognitively healthy later-life adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAbnormal amyloid β (Aβ) deposits in the brain are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality are risk factors for developing AD. Sleep may play a role in Aβ regulation, but the magnitude of the relationship between sleep and Aβ deposition remains unclear. This systematic review examines the relationship between sleep (i.e., duration and efficiency) with Aβ deposition in later-life adults.MethodsA search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO generated 5,005 published articles. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative syntheses; thirteen studies for quantitative syntheses related to sleep duration and Aβ; and nine studies for quantitative syntheses related to sleep efficiency and Aβ.ResultsMean ages of the samples ranged from 63 to 76 years. Studies measured Aβ using cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and positron emission tomography scans with two tracers: Carbone 11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B or fluorine 18-labeled. Sleep duration was measured subjectively using interviews or questionnaires, or objectively using polysomnography or actigraphy. Study analyses accounted for demographic and lifestyle factors. Based on 13 eligible articles, our synthesis demonstrated that the average association between sleep duration and Aβ was not statistically significant (Fisher’s Z = -0.055, 95% CI = -0.117 ~ 0.008). We found that longer self-report sleep duration is associated with lower Aβ (Fisher’s Z = -0.062, 95% CI = -0.119 ~ -0.005), whereas the objectively measured sleep duration was not associated with Aβ (Fisher’s Z = 0.002, 95% CI = -0.108 ~ 0.113). Based on 9 eligible articles for sleep efficiency, our synthesis also demonstrated that the average association between sleep efficiency and Aβ was not statistically significant (Fisher’s Z = 0.048, 95% CI = -0.066 ~ 0.161).ConclusionThe findings from this review suggest that shorter self-reported sleep duration is associated with higher Aβ levels. Given the heterogeneous nature of the sleep measures and outcomes, it is still difficult to determine the exact relationship between sleep and Aβ. Future studies with larger sample sizes should focus on comprehensive sleep characteristics and use longitudinal designs to better understand the relationship between sleep and AD.

The association of self-reported sleep and circadian measures with glycemic control and diabetes complications among young adults with type 2 diabetes.

We aim to examine the association of sleep duration, sleep quality, late chronotype, and circadian misalignment with glycemic control and risk of complications in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes followed in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. Self-reported sleep duration, quality, timing, and circadian misalignment were assessed via a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and chronotype was assessed via the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). We examined diabetes complications including loss of glycemic control (defined as hemoglobin A1c ≥8%), hypertension, dyslipidemia, albuminuria, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess associations between sleep and circadian measures with outcomes of interest, such as loss of glycemic control and diabetes complications. A total of 421 participants (34.2% male), mean age 23.6 ± 2.5 yr, mean body mass index (BMI) of 36.1 ± 8.3 kg/m2, and mean diabetes duration of 10.0 ± 1.5 yr were evaluated. Self-reported short sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and sleep quality were not associated with loss of glycemic control or diabetes complications. Late self-reported bedtime (after midnight) on work/school nights, rather than self-expressed chronotype or circadian misalignment, was independently associated with loss of glycemic control. An association was seen between late bedtimes and albuminuria but was attenuated after adjusting for depression. In conclusion, late bedtime on work/school days, rather than short sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, or poor sleep quality, was independently associated with loss of glycemic control in this longitudinal cohort of young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in youth is increasing at an alarming rate. Identifying potentially modifiable factors modulating glycemic control is critically important to reduce micro and macrovascular complications. In a large cohort of youth-onset type 2 diabetes, self-reported late bedtime on work/school days was independently associated with loss of glycemic control in this longitudinal cohort of young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Shorter self-reported sleep duration is associated with worse virtual spatial navigation performance in men.

Sleep has been shown to impact navigation ability. However, it remains unclear how different sleep-related variables may be independently associated with spatial navigation performance, and as to whether gender may play a role in these associations. We used a mobile video game app, Sea Hero Quest (SHQ), to measure wayfinding ability in US-based participants. Wayfinding performance on SHQ has been shown to correlate with real-world wayfinding. Participants were asked to report their sleep duration, quality, daytime sleepiness and nap frequency and duration on a typical night (n = 766, 335 men, 431 women, mean age = 26.5years, range = 18-59years). A multiple linear regression was used to identify which self-reported sleep variables were independently associated with wayfinding performance. Shorter self-reported sleep durations were significantly associated with worse wayfinding performance in men only. Other self-reported sleep variables showed non-significant trends of association with wayfinding performance. When removing non-typical sleepers (< 6 or > 9h of sleep on a typical night), the significant association between sleep duration and spatial navigation performance in men was no longer present. These findings from U.S.-based participants suggest that a longer self-reported sleep duration may be an important contributor to successful navigation ability in men.

Preconception sleep duration, non-daytime work schedules, and incidence of spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study.

To what extent do self-reported sleep duration and non-daytime work schedules in either partner affect the rate of spontaneous abortion (SAB)? Incidence of SAB had little association with female sleep duration and a modest positive association with male short sleep duration, female work at night, and discrepant work schedules among partners. Several studies have reported an association between short sleep duration in either partner and reproductive health outcomes, including fecundability. Moreover, certain types of female occupational exposures during pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of SAB. No studies have evaluated SAB risk in relation to male sleep and work schedules, or joint exposures within a couple. This prospective cohort study included 9357 female participants and 2602 of their male partners residing in North America (June 2013 to April 2023). Participants enrolled when they were attempting pregnancy and completed self-administered baseline questionnaires about their average sleep duration and work schedules. Among those who conceived, we ascertained SAB and gestational age at loss via follow-up questionnaires. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with gestational weeks as the time scale to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs relating SAB with sleep duration and non-daytime work schedules for female and male participants, and the couple. We used inverse probability weighting to account for potential selection bias due to the possibility of differential participation of male partners with respect to the exposures. Compared to female participants with recommended sleep (7-8.9 h), those reporting short sleep duration (<6 h) did not have a higher rate of SAB (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.69, 1.13). Short self-reported sleep duration among male participants was modestly associated with a higher rate of SAB (adjusted and weighted HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.96, 1.75). Female night work at night (adjusted HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02, 1.38) and male non-daytime work (adjusted and weighted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00, 1.59) were associated with modestly higher rates of SAB, whereas female rotating shift work was not (adjusted HR 0.91, 0.78, 1.05) compared with daytime workers. Couples in which work schedules were discrepant had an elevated rate of SAB if the male partner worked a non-daytime shift (adjusted and weighted HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.13, 1.88) compared with couples in which both members worked during the day. The corresponding HR if only the female partner worked a non-daytime shift was 1.21 (95% CI 0.92, 1.58). Data on sleep duration and work schedules were based on self-report, which is vulnerable to misclassification, particularly since participants were asked to report their average sleep duration during the past month. Work exposures were heterogeneous, as many different types of employment may require night and shift work and may have different associations with SAB. Our findings are consistent with previous research indicating that some types of female employment schedules may be associated with SAB incidence. This is the first study to indicate a relationship between SAB and male employment schedules, indicating that discrepant work schedules within a couple might be relevant. This work was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grants R01HD105863 (PIs: L.A.W. and M.L.E.), R01HD086742 (PIs: L.A.W. and E.E.H.), and R21HD072326 (PI: L.A.W.). PRESTO has received in-kind donations from Swiss Precision Diagnostics and Kindara.com for primary data collection. L.A.W. is a consultant for AbbVie, Inc. and the Gates Foundation. M.L.E. is an advisor for and holds stock in Ro, Hannah, Dadi, Underdog, Vseat, & Doveras. The other authors have no competing interests to declare. N/A.

Self-reported sleep fragmentation and sleep duration and their association with cognitive function in PROTECT, a large digital community-based cohort of people over 50.

Sleep is vital for normal cognitive function in daily life, but is commonly disrupted in older adults. Poor sleep can be detrimental to mental and physical health, including cognitive function. This study assessed the association between self-reported short (<6h) and long (>9h) sleep duration and sleep fragmentation (3≥ nightly awakenings) in cognitive function. Cross-sectional data from 8508 individuals enroled in the PROTECT study aged 50 and above formed the basis of the univariate linear regression analysis conducted on four cognitive outcomes assessing visuospatial episodic memory (VSEM), spatial working memory, verbal working memory (VWM), and verbal reasoning (VR). Short (ß=-0.153, 95% CI [-0.258, -0.048], p=0.004) and long sleep duration (ß=-0.459, 95% CI [-0.826, -0.091], p=0.014) were significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance in VWM. Long sleep duration (ß=-2.986, 95% CI [-5.453, -0.518], p=0.018) was associated with impaired VR. Short sleep (ß=-0.133, 95% CI [-0.196, -0.069], p = <0.001) and sleep fragmentation (ß=-0.043, 95% CI [-0.085, -0.001], p=0.043) were associated with reduced VSEM. These associations remained significant when including other established risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline (e.g., depression, hypertension). Our findings suggest that short and long sleep durations and fragmented sleep, may be risk factors for a decline in cognitive processes such as working memory, VR and episodic memory thus might be potential targets for interventions to maintain cognitive health in ageing.

Neighborhood and Household Environment as Contributors to Racial Disparities in Sleep Duration among U.S. Adolescents

ObjectiveRacial disparities in adolescent sleep duration have been documented, but pathways driving these disparities are not well understood. This study examined whether neighborhood and household environments explained racial disparities in adolescent sleep duration. MethodsParticipants came from Waves I and II of Add Health (n=13,019). Self-reported short sleep duration was defined as less than the recommended amount for age (<9 hours for 6-12 years, <8 hours for 13-18 years, and <7 hours for 18-64 years). Neighborhood factors included neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, perceived safety and social cohesion. Household factors included living in a single parent household and household socioeconomic status (HSES). Structural equation modeling was used to assess mediation of the neighborhood and household environment in the association between race/ethnicity and short sleep duration. ResultsOnly HSES mediated racial disparities, explaining non-Hispanic (NH) African American-NH White (11.6%), NH American Indian-NH White (9.9%), and Latinx-NH White (42.4%) differences. Unexpectedly, higher HSES was positively associated with short sleep duration. ConclusionHousehold SES may be an important pathway explaining racial disparities in adolescent sleep duration. Future studies should examine mechanisms linking household SES to sleep and identify buffers for racial/ethnic minority adolescents against the detrimental impacts that living in a higher household SES may have on sleep.

Prevalence and Geographic Patterns of Self-Reported Short Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2020

Prevalence and Geographic Patterns of Self-Reported Short Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2020

Relationships Among Short Self-Reported Sleep Duration, Cognitive Impairment, and Insular Functional Connectivity in Late-Life Depression.

Both late-life depression (LLD) and short sleep duration increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Increased insular resting-state functional connectivity (FC) has been reported in individuals with short sleep duration and dementia. This study aimed to investigate whether short sleep duration is associated with impaired cognition and higher insular FC in patients with LLD. This case- control study recruited 186 patients with LLD and 83 normal controls (NC), and comprehensive psychometric assessments, sleep duration reports and resting-state functional MRI scans (81 LLD patients and 54 NC) were conducted. Patients with LLD and short sleep duration (LLD-SS patients) exhibited more severe depressive symptoms and worse cognitive function than those with normal sleep duration (LLD-NS patients) and NC. LLD-SS patients exhibited higher FC between the bilateral insula and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars triangularis than LLD-NS patients and NC, while LLD-NS patients exhibited lower FC than NC. Increased insular FC was correlated with short sleep duration, severe depressive symptoms, and slower information processing speeds. Furthermore, an additive effect was found between sleep duration and LLD on global cognition and insular FC. LLD-SS patients exhibited impaired cognition and increased insular FC. Abnormal FC in LLD-SS patients may be a therapeutic target for neuromodulation to improve sleep and cognitive performance and thus decrease the risk of dementia.

Self-reported short and long sleep duration, sleep debt and insomnia are associated with several types of infections: Results from the Norwegian practice-based research network in general practice – PraksisNett

ObjectiveThe objective was to assess the association between self-reported infections and sleep duration, sleep debt, chronic insomnia, and insomnia severity. MethodsIn total, 1023 participants were recruited from the Norwegian practice-based research network in general practice to a cross-sectional online survey with validated questions about sleep habits and insomnia symptoms (Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)), and whether they had experienced various infections during the last three months. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests and logistic regressions with adjustment for relevant confounders. ResultsSelf-reported short sleep duration (<6 h) was significantly associated with increased odds of throat infection (OR = 1.60), ear infection (OR = 2.92), influenzalike illness (OR = 1.81) and gastrointestinal infection (OR = 1.91) whereas long sleep duration (>9 h) was associated with increased odds of throat (OR = 3.33) and ear infections (OR = 5.82), compared to sleep duration of 6–9 h, respectively. Sleep debt of >2 h was associated with increased odds of the common cold (OR = 1.67), throat infection (OR = 2.58), ear infection (OR = 2.84), sinusitis (OR = 2.15), pneumonia/bronchitis (OR = 3.97), influenzalike illness (OR = 2.66), skin infection (OR = 2.15), and gastrointestinal infection (OR = 2.80), compared to no sleep debt. Insomnia (based on BIS and ISI) was associated with throat infection (OR = 2.06, 2.55), ear infection (OR = 2.43, 2.45), sinusitis (OR = 1.82, 1.80), pneumonia/bronchitis (OR = 2.23, 3.59), influenzalike illness (OR = 1.77, 1.90), skin infection (OR = 1.64, 2.06), gastrointestinal infection (OR = 1.94, 3.23), and eye infection (OR = 1.99, 2.95). ConclusionsThese novel findings support the notion that people who have insufficient sleep or sleep problems are at increased risk of infections.

Associations between Aircraft Noise Exposure and Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Quality in the United States-Based Prospective Nurses' Health Study Cohort.

Sleep disruption is linked with chronic disease, and aircraft noise can disrupt sleep. However, there are few investigations of aircraft noise and sleep in large cohorts. We examined associations between aircraft noise and self-reported sleep duration and quality in the Nurses' Health Study, a large prospective cohort. Aircraft nighttime equivalent sound levels (Lnight) and day-night average sound levels (DNL) were modeled around 90 U.S. airports from 1995 to 2015 in 5-y intervals using the Aviation Environmental Design Tool and linked to geocoded participant residential addresses. Lnight exposure was dichotomized at the lowest modeled level of 45 A-weighted decibels [dB(A)] and at multiple cut points for DNL. Multiple categories of both metrics were compared with dB(A). Self-reported short sleep duration ( h/24-h day) was ascertained in 2000, 2002, 2008, 2012, and 2014, and poor sleep quality (frequent trouble falling/staying asleep) was ascertained in 2000. We analyzed repeated sleep duration measures using generalized estimating equations and sleep quality by conditional logistic regression. We adjusted for participant-level demographics, behaviors, comorbidities, and environmental exposures (greenness and light at night) and examined effect modification. In 35,226 female nurses averaging 66.1 years of age at baseline, prevalence of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality were 29.6% and 13.1%, respectively. In multivariable models, exposure to Lnight dB(A) was associated with 23% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7%, 40%] greater odds of short sleep duration but was not associated with poor sleep quality (9% lower odds; 95% CI: , 19%). Increasing categories of Lnight and DNL dB(A) suggested an exposure-response relationship for short sleep duration. We observed higher magnitude associations among participants living in the West, near major cargo airports, and near water-adjacent airports and among those reporting no hearing loss. Aircraft noise was associated with short sleep duration in female nurses, modified by individual and airport characteristics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10959.

Association of Objective and Self-Reported Sleep Duration With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Community-Based Study.

Background Previous studies found an association between self-reported sleep duration and mortality. This study aimed to compare the effects of objective and self-reported sleep duration on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods and Results A total of 2341 men and 2686 women (aged 63.9±11.1 years) were selected from the SHHS (Sleep Heart Health Study). Objective sleep duration was acquired using in-home polysomnography records, and self-reported sleep duration on weekdays and weekends was based on a sleep habits questionnaire. The sleep duration was categorized as ≤4hours, 4 to 5 hours, 5 to 6 hours, 6 to 7 hours, 7 to 8 hours, and >8 hours. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association of objective and self-reported sleep duration with all-cause and CVD mortality. During a mean follow-up period of 11 years, 1172 (23.3%) participants died, including 359 (7.1%) deaths from CVD. All-cause and CVD mortality rates decreased gradually with increasing objective sleep duration. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the greatest association for all-cause and CVD mortality was with an objective sleep duration of 5 hours or shorter. In addition, we found a J-shaped association of self-reported sleep duration on both weekdays and weekends with all-cause and CVD mortality. Self-reported short (≤4 hours) and long (>8 hours) sleep duration on weekdays and weekends were associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality compared with 7 to 8 hours sleep duration. Furthermore, a weak correlation was observed between objective and self-reported sleep duration. Conclusions This study showed that both objective and self-reported sleep duration were associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, but with different characteristics. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00005275; Unique identifier: NCT00005275.

Racial/ethnic differences in the beneficial effect of social support on sleep duration.

Social support (SS) is associated with better health outcomes, including sleep health. However, the specific sources of SS that benefit sleep are unclear, and whether these associations vary by race/ethnicity or age is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectional associations between sources of SS (number of friends, financial, church attendance, and emotional support) and self-reported short sleep duration (< 7 hours) overall and by race/ethnic groups and age among a representative sample. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, logistic regression (marginal standardization) and linear regression models were fit accounting for survey design and weights to test associations between sources of SS (number of friends, financial, church attendance, emotional support) and self-reported short sleep duration (< 7 hours) overall and by race/ethnic groups (Black, Hispanic, and White) and age (< 65 vs ≥ 65 years). Among 3,711 participants, the mean (standard error) age was 57 (0.3) years and 37% slept < 7 hours. Black adults had the highest prevalence of short sleep (55%). Overall, participants with financial support compared with those without financial support had a lower prevalence of short sleep: 23% (confidence interval [CI]: 0.68, 0.87). As the number of SS sources increased, the prevalence of short sleep duration decreased and the racial disparity in sleep duration narrowed. Associations between financial support and sleep were most pronounced among Hispanic and White adults and adults < 65 years. In general, financial support was associated with a healthier sleep duration, particularly among those < 65 years of age. Individuals with numerous sources of SS were less likely to be short sleepers. The benefits of SS on sleep duration varied by race. Targeting specific sources of SS may help to improve sleep duration among those most at risk. Johnson DA, Prakash-Asrani R, Lewis BD, Bliwise DL, Lewis TT. Racial/ethnic differences in the beneficial effect of social support on sleep duration. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(7):1231-1238.

THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEFICIENCY ON MULTIMORBIDITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND VIETNAM

Abstract Multimorbidity increases the risks of disability and death and are prevalent among older adults. Evidence shows that sleep might play an important role in multimorbidity. However, previous research studies sleep quality and quantity in isolated manners, where in reality sleep quality and quantity are likely to affect each other. Besides, no study has been done to understand such relationship among older adults in low- and middle- income counties where the prevalence of multimorbidity increases rapidly. This study investigated the relationship between sleep deficiency (i.e., poor and insufficient sleep) and multimorbidity among community-dwelling older adults in the Philippines and Vietnam. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in the Philippines (N = 3,562) and the Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in Vietnam (N = 3,936). Multimorbidity was defined by having two or more of chronic conditions (i.e., heart disease, heart attack, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, lung diseases, renal diseases, liver diseases, and arthritis). Sleep deficiency was conceptualized as self-reported short sleep duration (&amp;lt; 6 hours), having trouble with falling asleep or maintaining sleep, and/or experiencing non-restorative sleep. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data adjusting for demographics, body mass index, sleep medications, naps, mental health, and lifestyle. The results showed that having deficient sleep was significantly related to increased odds of experiencing multimorbidity by about 81% in the Philippines and Vietnam. Our findings revealed that treating sleep deficiency among older adults in the Philippines and Vietnam can potentially reduce the risks of multimorbidity.

Sleep duration, plasma metabolites, and obesity and diabetes: a metabolome-wide association study in US women.

Short and long sleep duration are associated with adverse metabolic outcomes, such as obesity and diabetes. We evaluated cross-sectional differences in metabolite levels between women with self-reported habitual short (<7 h), medium (7-8 h), and long (≥9 h) sleep duration to delineate potential underlying biological mechanisms. In total, 210 metabolites were measured via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 9207 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; N = 5027), the NHSII (N = 2368), and the Women's Health Initiative (WHI; N = 2287). Twenty metabolites were consistently (i.e. praw < .05 in ≥2 cohorts) and/or strongly (pFDR < .05 in at least one cohort) associated with short sleep duration after multi-variable adjustment. Specifically, levels of two lysophosphatidylethanolamines, four lysophosphatidylcholines, hydroxyproline and phenylacetylglutamine were higher compared to medium sleep duration, while levels of one diacylglycerol and eleven triacylglycerols (TAGs; all with ≥3 double bonds) were lower. Moreover, enrichment analysis assessing associations of metabolites with short sleep based on biological categories demonstrated significantly increased acylcarnitine levels for short sleep. A metabolite score for short sleep duration based on 12 LASSO-regression selected metabolites was not significantly associated with prevalent and incident obesity and diabetes. Associations of single metabolites with long sleep duration were less robust. However, enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment scores for four lipid classes, all of which (most markedly TAGs) were of opposite sign than the scores for short sleep. Habitual short sleep exhibits a signature on the human plasma metabolome which is different from medium and long sleep. However, we could not detect a direct link of this signature with obesity and diabetes risk.

Years of life gained when meeting sleep duration recommendations in Canada

ObjectiveTo estimate the years of life gained when meeting the sleep duration recommendations across the adult lifespan. MethodsThree pieces of information were used to estimate and compare life expectancy at each age of adult life among Canadian adults who did and did not meet sleep duration recommendations: (i) the prevalence of self-reported short sleep duration, recommended sleep duration, and long sleep duration; (ii) the relative risks of all-cause mortality associated with sleep duration obtained from recent meta-analyses; and (iii) the probability of death during each year of life obtained from life tables. ResultsAdults who meet the sleep duration recommendations have an estimated life expectancy at age 20 years that is 1.2 years longer than short sleepers and 2.6 years longer than long sleepers. Differences between men and women were minimal. ConclusionMeeting sleep duration recommendations is associated with increases in longevity in Canada.

Short sleep duration and risk of gestational diabetes

Objective Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are common in pregnancy and might contribute to the development of hyperglycemia. Therefore, we evaluated the association of sleep disturbances and gestational diabetes (GDM) in a cohort of women. Methods We collected data of 386 women consecutively screened for GDM in 2019 by 75 gr OGTT, according with IDPSG criteria. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to assess self-reported poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5) and short nocturnal sleep duration (<6 h). Results Of 386 women, 148 (38.3%) had poor sleep quality and 87 (22.5%) short sleep duration. GDM prevalence was 26.9%. There was no difference in GDM prevalence between women with poor or good sleep quality (26% vs. 28%; n.s.), while GDM was more frequent in women with short sleep duration (35.6% vs. 24.4%; p = 0.038). On univariate logistic regression analysis, short sleep duration (OR 1.71; 95%CI: 1.03-2.86; p = 0.039), previous GDM (OR 3.52; 95%CI: 1.83-6.76; p < 0.0001), family history of diabetes (OR 1.96; 95%CI: 1.21-3.91; p = 0.007), pre-pregnancy overweight (OR 1.85; 95%CI: 1.06-3.23; p = 0.031) or obesity (OR 2.56; 95%CI: 1.40-4.70; p = 0.002) were associated to GDM. However, after adjustment for confounders, short sleep duration did not persist as an independent risk factor for GDM (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 0.91-2.65; ns). Conclusions Sleep disturbances are relative common among pregnant women. Although GDM seems more common among women with short sleep duration, this sleep disturbance does not seem to be an independent risk factor for GDM in women at high risk.

Characterisationof the genetic relationship between the domains of sleep and circadian-related behaviourswith substance use phenotypes.

Sleep problems and substance use frequently co-occur. While substance use can result in specific sleep deficits, genetic pleiotropy could explain part of the relationship between sleep and substance use and use disorders. Here we use the largest publicly available genome-wide summary statistics of substance use behaviours (N = 79,729-632,802) and sleep/activity phenotypes to date (N = 85,502-449,734) to (1) assess the genetic overlap between substance use behaviours and both sleep and circadian-related activity measures, (2) estimate clusters from genetic correlations and (3) test processes of causality versus genetic pleiotropy. We found 31 genetic correlations between substance use and sleep/activity after Bonferroni correction. These patterns of overlap were represented by two genetic clusters: (1) tobacco use severity (age of first regular tobacco use and smoking cessation) and sleep health (sleep duration, sleep efficiency and chronotype) and (2) substance consumption/problematic use (drinks per day and cigarettes per day, cannabis use disorder, opioid use disorder and problematic alcohol use) and sleep problems (insomnia, self-reported short sleep duration, increased number of sleep episodes, increased sleep duration variability and diurnal inactivity) and measures of circadian-related activity (L5, M10 and sleep midpoint). Latent causal variable analyses determined that horizontal pleiotropy (rather than genetic causality) underlies a majority of the associations between substance use and sleep/circadian related measures, except one plausible genetically causal relationship for opioid use disorder on self-reported long sleep duration. Results show that shared genetics are likely a mechanism that is at least partly responsible for the overlap between sleep and substance use traits.

Bidirectional associations between nightly sleep and daily happiness and negative mood in adolescents

This study examined bidirectional associations between daily happiness and negative mood and subjective and objective sleep measures. Participants were 311 adolescents (M age = 17.37 years; 51.8% female; 59.2% White/European American, 38.6% Black/African American, 1% Hispanic/Latinx American, 1.4% multi‐racial; 19.3% below poverty line) observed over a 7‐day period (2017–2018) using sleep diaries and actigraphy. Daily negative mood was related to greater subjective sleep/wake problems, and happiness was related to lower subjective sleep/wake problems. Conversely, shorter self‐reported sleep duration was related to higher negative mood the next day. For actigraphy measures, daily negative mood was related to greater sleep duration and efficiency, whereas happiness was related to lower sleep efficiency. Differences in associations based on subjective versus objective sleep measures are discussed.

Associations of Chronic Burden, Sleep Characteristics, and Metabolic Syndrome in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

Chronic exposure to stress is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the associations between chronic burden, sleep, and MetS in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Chronic burden was self-reported (2000-2001) according to experiences with stressors for longer than 6 months. Wrist actigraphy-measured sleep duration and sleep efficiency were collected for 6 days; sleep duration, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness were self-reported (2003-2004). MetS was measured during the clinic visit, from 2005 to 2006. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazard models were fit to determine the associations of interest. Mediation by sleep was assessed using the product of coefficients approach. Among participants ( n = 606), the average (standard deviation) age was 40 (3.6) years, 58% were female, and 43% were Black. The prevalences of chronic burden, short sleep (≤6 hours), and MetS were 35%, 43% and 20.5%, respectively. High versus low chronic burden was associated with shorter self-reported sleep duration and higher daytime sleepiness. Chronic burden was associated with 1.85 higher odds (95% confidence interval = 1.11-3.09) of MetS. Sleep characteristics were not associated with MetS. There was no evidence that sleep mediated the chronic burden-MetS relation. Burden of chronic stress may be an emerging novel risk factor for both poor sleep and MetS.

Relationship between self-reported sleep duration during week-/work-days and metabolic syndrome from NHANES 2013 to 2016.

This research aimed at determining the relationship between self-reported sleep duration during week-/work-days and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from NHANES 2013 to 2016. This study analyzed data from 11,181 people aged 16 or older who took part in the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys) from 2013 to 2016. A standard questionnaire was used to define self-reported sleep duration, and MetS was defined on the basis of the NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program)/ATP III revised diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) models were used to assess the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and MetS. The overall prevalence of MetS in the study cohort was 26.1%, with 24.8% for males and 27.3% for females. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, MetS was significantly associated with self-reported short sleep duration (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.31, P = 0.013) but not with long sleep duration (P = 0.117). RCS regression revealed that self-reported sleep duration was nonlinearly related to MetS (P for nonlinearity = 0.0026). The risk of MetS decreased with increased sleep duration for durations of less than 7 h/day, while there was no association for longer sleep durations. These results suggest that self-reported short sleep duration is a risk factor for MetS, while long sleep duration is not.