Shortage Of Resources Research Articles

The Next 2 Billion: Can the World Support 10 Billion People?

AbstractThe UN projects that world population will peak at 10.3 billion in 2084, a 2.1 billion increase from 2024. Can the world provide food, water, and other resources to 10.3 billion people? How will additional population exacerbate resource challenges and worsen climate change? This paper analyzes these questions by looking at the last 60 years and by simulating the future impact of population growth and rising incomes on food, water, energy, and CO2 emissions. Looking back, food production has increased faster than the population in all regions, and we have not experienced significant shortages in nonrenewable resources. The history of water and CO2 emissions is less encouraging, however, with declining water levels in many aquifers and global warming threatening to undermine progress in all areas. Looking forward, population growth will be concentrated in poor countries, while rich countries, with higher consumption levels and emissions, will experience population decline. Population growth is projected to significantly increase demand for food and water in coming decades but is projected to have only modest impacts on energy and CO2, with population decline in high‐emission higher income countries more than offsetting the impact of population growth in low‐emission lower‐income countries.

Gendered impacts of climate change: evidence from weather shocks

Abstract Climate change is a critical challenge of our era, and its effects on human well-being are undeniable. It may not be immediately apparent that its impacts can vary by gender. Drawing from lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is clear that a shock can affect men and women differently, due to social norms and pre-existing gender differences. This paper reviews economic studies on how weather shocks—such as floods, droughts, and extreme temperatures—affect a broad spectrum of outcomes, ranging from endowments to economic opportunities and agency. Although specific physiological vulnerabilities exist (e.g. boys are more vulnerable to prenatal shocks, while girls and women are more vulnerable to heat), the most significant gendered impacts stem from pre-existing inequalities and societal responses to these shocks. In regions with a strong preference for boys, families facing resource shortages from shocks might prioritize boys for food and other resources, pull girls from school, marry them off young, or withdraw women from agricultural work so they can focus on household chores. Conversely, boys and men might leave school or migrate to seek alternative income sources during or after such shocks. Without gender-responsive climate policies, climate change is likely to exacerbate existing gender inequalities.

Mathematical model of dissolved microbial products in sewage treatment system

Water is the source of life, but all kinds of water resources in the world are suffering from different degrees of pollution. Water pollution leads to a serious shortage of available fresh water resources, and sewage treatment is the main way to solve water pollution. For the sewage after biological treatment of activated sludge, the organic matter contained in the effluent is mainly the dissolved microbial products (SMPs) produced in the process of microbial metabolism. The composition of SMPs is complex, mainly including macromolecular substances such as protein, polysaccharide, humic acid and DNA and cell fragments. The mathematical model of activated sludge is a quantitative description of the mathematical relationship between substrate degradation parameters and microbial growth. Starting from the Monod equation representing the relationship between substrate consumption and microbial growth, it combines the reactor theory and microbiology theory in the chemical field. Based on the principle of conservation of materials and Monod equation, the mathematical expression of organic degradation model was determined according to the collected data and empirical values of parameters. The general idea of activated sludge model No.1 (ASM1) for activated sludge process simulation was introduced, and the influence of sludge concentration on SBR process water treatment was explored. It was found that the removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increases with the increase of sludge concentration. When C/N=8, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased from 62% to 81%, and the removal rate of total nitrogen increased from 64% to 82%, with the most obvious effect.

Підходи до реформування спрощеної системи оподаткування в умовах реалізації Національної стратегії доходів до 2030 року

Introduction. Subjects of small and medium-sized enterprises in global fiscal practice can be taxed either under the general tax system or through simplified tax regimes. The application of such taxation regimes is determined by a number of their advantages and is established at certain stages of the socio-economic development of the state. Problem Statement. In the conditions of Ukraine's European integration and a critical shortage of financial resources, there is an urgent need to reform the simplified taxation system in Ukraine. The National Revenue Strategy until 2030 (hereinafter - the Strategy) outlines the reasons and main directions of reform. Its main objective, in this regard, is to establish incentives for business entities to transition from a simplified to a general taxation system. Purpose.To substantiate the approaches to the development and operation of a simplified taxation system, and to form proposals for its design in Ukraine in line with the implementation of the Strategy. Methods. The research employed a variety of general scientific and specialized methods, including logical analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, description, theoretical generalization, abstract-logical reasoning, critical analysis, comparison, and expert evaluation. Results. Based on the analysis of the negative and positive aspects of the operation of the simplified taxation system in Ukraine, the expediency of its preservation with the elimination of negative aspects and taking into account the needs of the socio-economic development of the state is substantiated. Key areas and approaches to the design of a simplified taxation system in Ukraine are determined. Proposals have been made to define individual elements of the simplified system in the context of the implementation of the Strategy. Conclusions. The study of the methodological foundations of the design of certain spheres of simplified taxation regimes reveals the existence of several alternatives in the selection of approaches to their formation. These approaches are influenced by the macroeconomic situation in the state and the choice of tasks to be achieved when introducing or reforming the simplified regime. The authors outlined proposals for the design of a simplified taxation system in Ukraine, highlighting key areas and evaluating the extent to which these proposals are reflected in the Strategy.

Assessing Land Use and Cover Changes arising from the 2022 water crisis in Southeast China: A comparative analysis of Remote Sensing Imagery classifications and Machine Learning algorithms

Abstract. The water crisis in the southeast region of China in 2022, caused by one of the worst heatwaves on record, was characterized by severe shortages of water resources, leading to challenges for local communities, agriculture, and industry. To analyze changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in the Jialing River region, Chongqing, China, we compared Remote Sensing (RS) imagery classifications before and after the intense heat waves of 2022. We evaluated the performance of two machine learning algorithms, KDTree KNN and Random Forest (RF), in LULC classifications. The classifications were carried out based on the RS images from the OLI/Landsat 8 system, NDWI index, and SRTM data. The model performances were similar, the classification accuracy showed that the RF algorithm was superior to KDTree KNN. The RF LULC classification and area calculation corroborate with the visual analysis, reaffirming the superiority of RF, which shows a decrease in water surface area, unlike DKTree KNN.

Research on the Hierarchical Separation of Rare Earths and Lithium from Rare Earth Molten Salt Slag

Lithium is an important non-renewable resource, and the study of the tiered separation of rare earths and lithium from rare earth molten salt slag is an important approach to solving the current global resource shortage. This article adopts a sulfuric acid leaching process and a lithium-containing solution iron lithium extraction separation process to recover lithium from rare earth molten salt slag. The method systematically investigates the impact of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching temperature, leaching time, pH, P507 concentration, phase ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time on the lithium extraction effect and iron lithium separation effect in rare earth molten salt slag. The results show that under the conditions of a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.9 mol/L, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 8:1 mL/g, a leaching temperature of 70 °C, a leaching time of 90 min, a pH of 0.9, a P507 concentration of 50%, a phase ratio of 5:3, an extraction temperature of 30 °C, and an extraction time of 20 min, the lithium leaching rate reaches 97.8%, and the separation of iron and lithium is fully achieved. This method can efficiently recover the valuable element lithium from rare earth molten salt slag, which is of great significance for the subsequent preparation of lithium products and the realization of a closed-loop production of rare earth alloys by molten salt electrolysis.

Implementing a Virtual Discharge Nurse Pilot: Utilizing the Pathway to Excellence® Framework.

The virtual nurse (VN) pilot was developed to assist bedside nurses in administrative tasks, including discharges and education, from a remote location. Bedside nurse vacancies have increased, leading to a shortage of resources for the care team and less time for nurses to provide hands-on care to patients. A survey showed 77% of nurses spend more than 3 hours per shift on admissions, discharges, and patient education. A pilot was conducted on a 45-bed unit with the VN focusing on discharges and patient education. During the pilot, the VN completed 1375 tasks, increasing patient and nurse satisfaction while reducing turnover and adverse events. With the program's early success, the VN role is expanding into additional units.

Evaluation of the engineering properties and sustainability of solid masonry blocks produced with recycled concrete aggregates

The rapid expansion of global infrastructure has led to significant natural resource shortages and increasing environmental concerns related to construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Recycling C&D waste presents a viable solution to alleviate resource depletion and promote sustainability. This study explores the use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) derived from C&D waste in producing solid masonry blocks (SMBs). RCAs were employed to replace both natural coarse and fine aggregates in these blocks. Physical and mechanical properties of SMBs were tested, including hardened density, compressive and flexural strengths, and water absorption. The findings showed that decreased strength and increased water absorption for cement-to-aggregate ratio (C: A) increased from 1:6 to 1:24; however, all produced SMBs satisfied the requirements specified by Indian and ASTM standards. The study concluded that using 100% RCAs in SMBs is structurally sound and environmentally beneficial, meeting international standards. Employing recycled aggregate concrete blocks lowers environmental impact and aids in sustainable development by facilitating the life-cycle closure of the building materials.

Experimental investigation on the performance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) prepared by manufactured sand: Mechanical strength and micro structure

In order to alleviate the shortage of natural river sand resources and reduce the cost and energy consumption of UHPC, high-value utilization of manufactured sand was carried out. Based on the compact packing theory, UHPC with high content of manufactured sand was designed. The effects of different substitution of manufactured sand on the working ability, mechanical property, microstructure, cost and carbon emission were studied. The results indicated that the incorporation of manufactured sand negatively affected the workability of UHPC. The compressive strength of UHPC increased and then decreased with the increase of MS substitution. At 70 % replacement of manufactured sand, the slump flow of UHPC was 655 mm, and it still maintains excellent workability. The 7 d and 28 d compressive strengths were increased by 5.3 % and 8.8 %, respectively, compared with the control specimens. At this time, the tensile strength reached 8.99 MPa and the ultimate tensile strain was 0.78 × 10−3. The microstructure showed that MS could refine the UHPC pore structure and reduce the porosity at 70 % substitution. The results demonstrated that 70 % substitution of manufactured sand instead of quartz sand can not only improve the mechanical properties of UHPC, but also reduce the cost and CO2 emission. Each cubic meter of UHPC can save the 380 CNY and reduce CO2 emission by 14.2 kg, with good economic benefits. The study aims to provide technical support for the high-value utilization of manufactured sand in UHPC.

Исследование работы термической опреснительной установки с контактным испарителем и компрессией паровоздушной смеси

One of the global issues of our time is the shortage of freshwater resources. Desalination of marine and brackish waters is a promising solution to this problem. The most common desalination technologies are thermal (distillation) and baromembrane (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) processes. When designing demineralization stations with reverse osmosis units, it is necessary to consider a number of limitations associated with higher requirements for pretreatment of water entering the unit. The use of thermal desalination plants makes it possible to obtain fresh water of higher quality, and less stringent requirements are imposed on the preliminary preparation of water for this type of unit. However, during the operation of desalination plants of this type, scale forms on the heating surfaces, which negatively affects the efficiency of the unit. Scale is formed less intensively in the units with contact vapors, since in this case the evaporation process occurs in volume. Thus, the development of thermal scheme of such unit and the study of their operation is relevant. The tasks have been solved using the methods of experimental studies of heat and mass transfer processes, mathematical processing of experimental data, and balance calculations of power plants. A thermal scheme of a thermal desalination plant with a contact evaporator with compression of a vapor-air mixture has been developed. Thermal and material balance has been compiled, on the basis of which energy costs have been determined to obtain m3 of fresh water. The authors have proved the determining influence of the temperature of desalinated water in the bubbling zone on the productivity of desalination plants with a contact evaporator. An amendment has been obtained that allows the initial salinity of water and brine to be considered when calculating the operating cycle of the unit. As a result of the analysis of the results obtained, it is found that an increase in the water temperature in the bubbling zone allows us to increase the productivity of the unit, and an increase of the drying temperature of the vapor-air mixture leads to a decrease of the energy consumption of the desalination plant. The introduction of an amendment considering the salinity of the source water and brine makes it possible to increase the accuracy of calculating air humidification up to 15 %.

Designing persimmon-liked FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox on the plasma-treated cobalt foam for a highly efficient oxygen evolution in an alkaline-seawater electrolyte

Widespread use of high-purity water for hydrogen production in the electrocatalysis field may intensify the shortage of freshwater resource. Although the seawater is abundant, its practical application still faces many challenges due to the adverse chlorine ion reactions and severe corrosiveness, which leads to a low selectivity and poor stability of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the persimmon-like iron-chromium-cobalt metal oxides (FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox) is in-situ engineered on the Co foam surface modified by the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma (PCF). The obtained FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox/PCF exposes a large specific surface area and rich heterojunction interfaces. Therefore, the optimized electronic structure of FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox/PCF achieves a commercial-grade current density of 1000 mA cm−2 (j1000) with only a overpotential of 348 mV in 1 M KOH, as well as 306 mV for delivering j100 in a harsh alkaline seawater. Additionally, the FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox/PCF also demonstrates an excellent electrocatalytic stability for effectively inhibiting the chlorine corrosion, and only 5.2 % and 17.5 % activity decay occur after 250 h I-t tests with high current densities in 1 M KOH and alkaline seawater, respectively. Furthermore, the DFT results disclose that the synergistic effect between Fe and Co oxides causes a remarkable OER performance, and the Co sites at the FeOOH-CoO interface acts as the main active centers for seawater splitting, promoting the O2 generation effectively.

Synthesis and Properties of Nickel Copper Phosphorus (NixCuyPz) Catalyst

Nowadays, scientists around the world are paying more attention to renewable hydrogen fuels. There is a growing need for precious metal catalysts to calculate the cost of obtaining renewable energy, an efficient method of producing H2 by electrolysis of water, as well as to facilitate the decomposition of water into its elemental parts. Today, due to the increase in the problem of the shortage of energy resources and the growing of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, attention is being paid to hydrogen energy. However, the production of H2 requires low-cost, efficient catalysts that facilitate hydrogen/oxygen separation reactions in the water splitting. For this purpose, intermediate metal phosphides (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, W) were used as effective electrocatalysts for water decomposition. The catalytic activity of intermediate metal phosphides to form hydrogen is largely dependent on the phosphorus content, but the P atoms play an important role in increasing efficiency. The production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water on the basis of bifunctional catalysts has good prospects for use in the energy industry. In the article, the one-step hydrothermal synthesis method and physico-chemical (electronic structure and conductivity, structure morphology) of double metal phosphide with NixCuyPz composition were studied.

Barriers and Facilitators in Implementation of Nutritional Benefit Transfer to Tuberculosis Patients

Abstract Background Malnutrition & Tuberculosis (TB) form a vicious cycle. Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a key strategy for a TB free India, that seeks to provide financial assistance for nutritional support to TB patients. The study is a qualitative study to identify operational challenges and facilitators in implementation of NPY Methods In Depth Interview (IDI) of 18 Senior Treatment Supervisor (STS) at Tuberculosis Unit (TU) and 19 Tuberculosis Health Visitor (TB HV) at Designated Microscopy Centre’s (DMC) was done. For further insights, the STS, at District Tuberculosis Centre, Lucknow was also interviewed. Informal discussion was done with about 50 Tuberculosis patients. We explored providers perspective on impact of NPY on other duties/services, case load, hours dedicated to NPY, practice protocols, record keeping and data management, compliances, capacity building needs, quality protocols, key enablers, motivating factors, challenges, best practices and beneficiary’s perspectives on quality of life, facilitators and challenges in availing services. Results Motivating leadership, supportive staff, good working relationship and seamless communication, teamwork, use of technology, supportive supervision & collaboration and support of NGO for private sector were the key facilitators. Barriers comprised system level barriers (Budget constraints, issues with NIKSHAY software and bank account), provider level barriers (shortage of human resource, nonfunctional tablets) and patient level barriers (stigma and bank account related challenges). The encouraging finding was majority of recipients, responding that they used the incentive to purchase ration, vitamin supplements etc. Conclusions NPY is having its intended benefit but there are barriers that need to be resolved for successful roll out. The study yield suggestions for removing barriers and found a set of innovations that can be replicated across other settings with high Tuberculosis burden Key messages • Malnutrition and Tuberculosis form a vicious cycle. Nutritional support to TB patients improves treatment outcome and can save lives. • Operational research on implementation of NPY offers insights for successful roll out of this key initiative across other resource limited settings in developing countries.

Current status of the Food Security system in Mongolia new policies, and expected outcomes

The national food security system in our country is not established well and continues to remain weak. Failures within the system have caused malfunctions and distortions in government policy implementation, leading to unexpected policy shifts. These faults are the main causes of time loss, inter-agency misunderstandings, lack of coordination, information flow deficiencies, and a shortage of skilled human resources. These issues can have a negative impact on food security in Mongolia, resulting in the shortfall of government policy implementation. Coordination of food security activities among government organizations in Mongolia has been unsatisfactory due to the weak system. Government services have not adequately reached organizations at the middle and primary levels in the Mongolian rural provinces. This research paper aims to evaluate the national food security situation based on policies in Mongolia's food sector over the past decade, their implementation, encountered problems, and involved stakeholders. The research findings show that our country's food security system is not well-established, leading to compromised food security, highlighting the urgent need for developing necessary legal and policy documents to effectively implement state food security policy.

Promoting ownership in local community health promotion interventions

Abstract Background A prerequisite for successful and sustainable implementation of local community health interventions is strong community ownership. Ownership is related to the level of perceived control of an intervention and its program components. Facilitation of community ownership involves engagement of the stakeholders within the community, e.g. in deciding what the problem is to whom and how to solve it. Much is known about methods to facilitate community engagement at a continuum between informing the community and community control. However, less is known about how different methods for community engagement work to foster and sustain ownership among local stakeholders. Aim To generate knowledge about how ownership is fostered or hindered among stakeholders across three different communities in a local community intervention with whole-of-community characteristics implemented to reduce overweight among children. The study also explores how synergies of ownership between various types of stakeholders at different organizational levels influence overall ownership and implementation of the intervention. Methods The study is designed as a multiple case study based on Robert K. Yin’s principles for case study evaluation. The study takes place in three different Danish Municipalities with different local contextual conditions. Various data sources are collected including sources of qualitative data comprising document analysis, observations, and interviews with key stakeholders. Preliminary results An influential contextual factor on local ownership is that implementation of the intervention and commitment to this in 10 years is a top-down decision at the policy level. Local stakeholders find the goals of the intervention meaningful to their day-to-day practices. However, they also experience a shortage of resources for participating and lack trust in higher management stakeholders to take shared leadership when the implementation phase ends. Key messages • Ownership is influenced by the degree of engagement. • Ownership is influence by the synergy of ownership between different stakeholders.

Skill mix among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic – a scoping review

Abstract Background The problem of human resource shortages in health care was highlighted during the Covid-19 pandemic in many countries around the world. Various solutions have been implemented to cope with the crisis, one of which is the skill mix of medical and peri-medical staff. The aim of the scoping review was to systematise knowledge about the skill mix of healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods The review was conducted in five scientific databases including Cinahl Ultimate, Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Embase and Scopus. The review included studies published from 2020 until July 2023, presenting original research on the skill mix of health care workers. Results A total of 5039 records were identified in the databases and 27 articles were included in the final analysis. Of the included studies, 14 were conducted in Western and Southern Europe. Most of the studies included in the review were conducted among nurses (n = 12), pharmacists (n = 11) and doctors (n = 6). The majority of studies concerned re-allocating tasks (n = 9) and re-allocating tasks and introducing or changing teamwork (n = 7). Research covered psychological aspects of work, patient safety, work reorganisation and training and collaboration. Many studies also focused on difficulties and barriers related to skill mix, such as blurring of responsibilities and role ambiguity. The review did not identify any studies conducted among laboratory diagnosticians, medical coordinators or surgical assistants. In addition, there were no studies of skill mix in Central and Eastern Europe during the pandemic. Conclusions Given that skill mix may be one of the solutions to reduce the negative impact of staff shortages, more research should be conducted in this area. Healthcare professionals should be involved in decision-making processes related to the granting of new competencies or the creation of new professions/functions in healthcare. Key messages • It is necessary to involve health professionals in the process of creating new skill mix solutions. • More research is needed on skill mix in times of crisis, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.

Overcoming barriers in implementing healthy school nutrition policies: insights from Ukraine

Abstract The general mortality rate from NCDs in Ukraine exceeds that in European Union countries, (Yurochko et al., 2023) exacerbated by the ongoing war. Healthy nutrition plays a pivotal role in enhancing the overall quality of life and curbing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Despite its significance, ensuring healthy eating habits, particularly during the early stages of life at the period of setting lifelong habits (Jackson et al., 2020; Riley et al., 2018), remains a challenge. Besides, school-based settings represent an ideal environment for effective intervention because they offer a shared common physical, academic, and social space (Tapia-Fonllem et al., 2020). Through a series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, this study identifies barriers and facilitators to policy implementation, with a focus on educational institutions. Qualitative analysis reveals barriers such as inadequate human resources, funding constraints, resistance from the food industry, and ineffective communication strategies at the family level. Moreover, there exists a disjointed understanding of nutrition standards. However, collaborative efforts with civil society, empowerment of nursing roles, strategic utilization of grants and fundraising, engagement with the food industry, and the adoption of a family-oriented approach emerge as crucial enablers for successful policy implementation. These findings offer theoretical foundations for fostering healthier nutrition environments within schools. This research serves as a roadmap for policymakers and educators striving to create sustainable and effective strategies for promoting healthy eating among early school-age children in Ukraine and beyond. Study finds human resource shortages, funding constraints, and food industry resistance as major barriers to school nutrition policy. Recommendations include collaborative approaches, nurse involvement, and aligned standards for effective school nutrition policy. Key messages • Healthy nutrition plays a pivotal role in enhancing the overall quality of life and curbing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. • Through a series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, this study identifies barriers and facilitators to policy implementation, with a focus on educational institutions.

The application of artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy: progress and prospects

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning models, has increasingly been integrated into diagnosing and treating diabetic retinopathy (DR). From delving into the singular realm of ocular fundus photography to the gradual development of proteomics and other molecular approaches, from machine learning (ML) to deep learning (DL), the journey has seen a transition from a binary diagnosis of “presence or absence” to the capability of discerning the progression and severity of DR based on images from various stages of the disease course. Since the FDA approval of IDx-DR in 2018, a plethora of AI models has mushroomed, gradually gaining recognition through a myriad of clinical trials and validations. AI has greatly improved early DR detection, and we’re nearing the use of AI in telemedicine to tackle medical resource shortages and health inequities in various areas. This comprehensive review meticulously analyzes the literature and clinical trials of recent years, highlighting key AI models for DR diagnosis and treatment, including their theoretical bases, features, applicability, and addressing current challenges like bias, transparency, and ethics. It also presents a prospective outlook on the future development in this domain.

Feasibility of establishing a waste recycling plant in the north of Najaf city and supporting the sustainable environment

The increase in population growth, industrial progress in various fields, rising income, and improved living standards have led to societal development, and consequently, an increase in consumer needs and demands. This has resulted in irrational resource consumption and a significant increase in waste quantities, posing a major threat to the environment and human health, this research came as an attempt to enhance sustainability, create investment opportunities, solve the problem of resource shortages, and eliminate waste in an emerging country like Iraq. A feasibility study was prepared based on the technical study and conducting meetings with officials in Najaf Governorate. A set of conclusions and recommendations were reached, the most important of which were the following. By reviewing the extracted financial ratios, it became clear that the project has a high economic feasibility that is beyond comparison, and the reason can be justified by the huge amount of waste present in the targeted area, in addition to the fact that Iraq is a new experience in such industries related to sustainable development and an industry that provides resources and raw materials for other industries that are considered of great importance and are in demand in Iraq and other neighboring countries, The most important recommendations were Starting to refer the project to an investment company according to the government conditions of the Najaf Governorate Investment Authority and generalizing the successful experience to the governorates of Iraq, and giving this project the utmost importance when compared to other projects as it provides the basic and important resources for local industries, and this is consistent with Iraq’s strategy of focusing on industry and establishing industrial cities.

Exploring the Interaction and Impact of Green Building Design on People and Space

Abstract: With the progress and development of society, people's living standards improve at the same time, environmental pollution and resource shortages environmental problems also come. Construction engineering is one of the largest energy-consuming industries in China, and the implementation of a sustainable development strategy has become a top priority. Therefore, the state put forward the concept of greening and sustainable development, and green building has become a mainstream design concept. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the principles and design points of green building design and to study and discuss the application cases of green building design. Analyze the interaction and impact of green building design on people and space by analyzing the effects and impacts of the implementation of different designs in green building design cases, including focusing on siting design, ventilation design, energy efficiency design, recyclable design, plant design, and lighting design. Summarise the importance of applying green building design concepts and effective designs that have a positive impact on people. The results of the study can provide practical suggestions on improving the sustainability and eco-friendliness of green buildings for green building design stakeholders, such as architects, policymakers, and related stakeholders, and this study has certain reference values and significance.