Short Treatise Research Articles

Al-Risālat Al-Laduniyya. By Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad Al-Ghazālī (450/1059–505/1111)

The Risālat al-Laduniyya is a short treatise giving an account of al-Ghazālī's religious philosophy, in a compact form. It includes his theory of Knowledge, which is discussed very fully in regard to its nature, its different types, and the means by which it is acquired. The author gives special attention here to Revealed Knowledge and distinguishes between Revelation (), which was limited to the prophets and ceased with them, and Inspiration (), which is granted also to the saints and is, in fact, the awakening of the individual, human soul, by Universal Soul.

Miura Baien on Indian and Dutch Poetry

Miura Baien occupies a special place among the many famous scholars of the late Tokugawa period because of his extremely wide interests and almost universal erudition. He was at the same time a profound scholar of Chinese literatulre and a student of philosophy, astronomy, economics and medical science. Further he was also a skilful painter and woodcarver. His name was Shin W, his style Antei TA; his literary names were Baien ap T,sen loMr1, Tasen-koji VJIj1?, Futago-sannin =T*OA, and Mujzsai-shujin _A. He lived from 1723 till 1789. Miura Baien preferred the life of the retired scholar to the struggle for official position and worldly honours. For this reason his biography does not include many startling events. Although in his youth he was taught by Fujita Teiichi Ma-, his learning afterwards was mainly acquired by selfstudy. Perusing his works one is amazed by his wide reading; for he was equally conversant with both Chinese and Japanese literature. Far from being a mere theoretician, however, he showed much interest in practical problems, and he tried to ameliorate the condition of the poor farmers in his district. He made a special study of economical problems. The results of this investigation are to be found in a short treatise, entitled Kagen fR, The Origin of Prices (preface dated 1773). Here he discusses the place occupied in commerce by gold and silver, problems of production, etc. It is interesting to note that one of his theses is that when bad money is circulated on a large scale, people hide their gold ; this resembles what in Western economics is called the Law of Gresham, which may be summarized as bad money drives out good. He was repeatedly invited by various daimyo's to enter their service, but he consistently refused. But in 1784 he at last accepted the invitation of the prince Matsudaira Chikakata 4fi, whom he served till his death as his political and economical adviser. In this essay I especially wish to draw attention to his book Shitetsut tf The Trail of Poetry, a voluminous study in six chapters. The author's

Die diathermische Behandlung der Netzhautablosung in der Universitatsaugenklinik Utrecht und ihre Ergebnisse im Jahre 1935.

The work at the Utrecht eye clinic on retinal detachment stands in the front rank, so that a short treatise on the results in the year 1935 is most welcome. The method of operating has not changed since 1933, except for simplification of the procedure of localization and in a more definite operative technic. The closure of the retinal hole, in Weve's opinion, can well be obtained by diathermy, as it works even in fluid mediums, the needles for micropuncture can be inserted without great loss of ocular pressure and the procedure in no way interferes with ophthalmoscopic examination. The importance of the preliminary examination of the patient and the suitable preparation for operation are emphasized, and directions for a proper study of the retinal detachment are given. The operation is then described. During the operation paranormobutylaminobenzoldimethylamino-ethanol hydrochloride (pantocain) is used, as it does not interfere with the corneal

General Ophthalmology: A Short Treatise for Students and Practitioners

General Ophthalmology: A Short Treatise for Students and Practitioners

Poliomyelitis: A Handbook for Physicians and Medical Students Based on a Study of the 1931 Epidemic in New York City

The aim of this book is to present a short treatise on the subject of poliomyelitis, chiefly for the physician in practice. While a number of textbooks are available on this subject, few works present the modern developments of the knowledge of this disease in such a comprehensive and compact form. The data presented are recent and carefully evaluated with the background of an exceptionally large clinical and pathologic experience in the epidemic of poliomyelitis that occurred in New York City in 1931. The book treats almost every phase of the subject in a scholarly and impartial manner. The chapter on pathology is particularly lucid and is based on the data obtained from nearly 100 postmortem examinations. The text is well illustrated and contains a valuable list of current bibliographic references. The modern aspects of treatment, such as serum therapy, the use of respirator and after-care, are carefully evaluated from

Social Science

Social science has already secured wide interest, and the forms in which this interest has manifested itself are as varied as they are numerous. In this article we shall concentrate on one central idea: the need of co-ordination of the vast amount of literature on social problems. The need of some such co-ordination is urgent. Ever since the publication of the Papal Encyclicals on Social Order, pamphlets and books have become so numerous that the student of social science might be alarmed at the number of works he must peruse in order to acquire a comprehensive knowledge of the literature of his subject.It is very much to be regretted that no work exists that can be considered an exhaustive and scientific treatise on social science. The lack of such a treatise makes serious study of this subject too complex a task. Pamphlets and short treatises on particular problems are useful, but they can never be satisfactory from a scientific point of view; they are of necessity sketchy, and therefore inadequate. There is, moreover, a great danger that quantities of unrelated material will beget confusion of thought and smother enthusiasm. Consequently any attempt to give to the study of social science a scientific basis by stating and co-ordinating its principles is to be welcomed, and the more so when it is made by authors who are gifted with clarity of thought and who despite specialization keep in mind the larger view of a complete social science.The Précis de Sociologie is the fruit of close collaboration. The essays, as thorough and substantiated as we may expect in a Précis, are confined to Sociology: the family, economic life, political life, religion, art and science.

LE RACHITISME, ÉTIOLOGIE, PATHOGENIE ET TRAITEMENT.

The author of this short treatise was, until his recent retirement, professor of pediatrics at the University of Paris. He is well known for his studies on rickets and diseases of the bones. In this exposition, Marfan reviews the subject of rickets in the light of recent investigations and discoveries. He considers the importance of light and of irradiated substances, more especially in relation to the pathogenesis than to the cure of rickets. In regard to the etiology, he maintains the point of view that he has held for many years, namely, that syphilis is one of the most important exciting causes of this disorder. In general, he believes that rickets is brought about by chronic infections or intoxications which gain access to the body by way of the intestinal tract. The presentation, although short, is of interest as coming from the pen of one who has devoted many years

Einleitung in die physiologische Zoologie (Physikalische und chemische Funktionen des Tierkörpers)

THE increasing tendency of zoology to turn from the more purely morphological towards the functional aspects of the subject, and to utilise the data of chemistry and physics in their study, has induced Prof. Przibram to write an introduction to physiological zoology which can act as a companion to his introduction to experimental morphology, and enable the student to gain a comprehensive outline of the subject before turning to one of the larger treatises. The work is divided into some thirty short chapters arranged in pairs, and dealing respectively with the physical and chemical properties of the different organs of the body: numerous references are given throughout the text: notes on the chemical composition, including formuhe, of substances referred to in the text are collected together in an appendix. In a small space the author has succeeded in covering a very large field and in giving an excellent outline of the subject of general physiology. The work could be read with profit by all students of physiology or zoology, but in the short time at their disposal will probably be found to range the field too widely to appeal to those studying within the narrower limits of human physiology. However, for all those who wish to know something of how animals of different species live, of their varying types of respiratory apparatus, of their modes of digesting and assimilating their food, of their secretions and excretions, their sense organs, or their reproduction, this short treatise can be thoroughly recommended for perusal.

Matter, Electricity, Energy: the Principles of Modern Atomistics and Experimental Results of Atomic Investigation

THIS volume covers a wider field than is usual in a short treatise on atomic physics, and touches upon most of the important work done between about 1910 and 1926. It includessections on atomic rays, superconductivity, conduction in crystals, spectrophotometry, and electrically and optically controlled chemical reactions, in addition to the more usual topics, and if it were well translated, would be invaluable both as an advanced text-book for honours classes in physics, and as a survey of the subject for research workers in other branches of experimental science. Dr. Fuchs has, however, failed to do justice to the original, and his translation can only be recommended as it stands with the warning that the reader must be prepared to be irritated by the many unusual expressions that he employs.

Principles of Physical Chemistry for Medical Students.

This book is a short treatise on a few selected topics in physical chemistry. The topics discussed by no means cover the field of physical chemistry, and at least one that should be treated in every work of this kind has been omitted. For instance, radioactivity and atomic structure find no place in the book. The discussions themselves are limited; thus, Van der Waal's equation is not mentioned in the discussion of gases. In several places the author has in an interesting manner adapted physical chemical principles to physiology and physiologic chemistry.

The Foundations of Æsthetics

The aim of the authors of this short treatise on aesthetics, as stated by themselves, is to present in a condensed form the greater part of accredited opinion on the subject while relating it to the main positions of the theory of art criticism. The various theories are not brought into opposition, but are distinguished to allow to each its separate sphere of validity. Beauty is thus discussed as intrinsic, in relation to the medium, to mysticism, and to its social effects and the like. They themselves find the solution of the problem in synaesthesis, a term covering a state of equilibrium and harmony in which the percipient becomes more fully himself and at the same time is in sympathetic understanding with other personalities. Hence arises the educative value of art. This theory is acceptable so far as it goes, but, like much of the current theory of aesthetics, in describing the “how”it fails to answer the question “why,” a matter in which the anthropologist, censured by the authors, may be able to assist, in view of the current vogue of non-European art.

A Short Treatise on Canadian Constitutional Law

A Short Treatise on Canadian Constitutional Law

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and his Well-Being.

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and his Well-Being.

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and Human Welfare

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and Human Welfare

Book Review: II. Philosophy and Religion: Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and Human Welfare

Book Review: II. Philosophy and Religion: Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and Human Welfare

The Homeric Catalogue

In antiquity Apollodorus wrote a work upon the Greek Catalogue, Demetrius of Scepsis one, in thirty books, on the Trojan; both were used by Strabo, who surpassed, fortunately, either in judgment. Titles of similar works are ascribed to the logographer Damastes and the rhetor Polus. Its literary merits are extolled by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Comp. Verb. 102, and though a considerable number of MSS. omit it, Tribonianus of Side in the Byzantine period was found to execute a special metaphrase of it.In modern times the latest work dealing with the Catalogue apart appears to be the short treatise of Benedikt Niese, Der homerische Schiffskatalog als historische Quelle betrachtet, Kiel, 1873. Written at the blackest moment of Homeric and historical science, before the first light from archaeology had begun to illumine the gloom of Higher Criticism, before even Wilamowitz had lit his corpse-candle, the book naturally cannot influence our opinion now, and would not have needed mention but for the singular uis inertiae owing to which it is still currently cited. Niese's principal conclusions were: the Catalogue involves late political circumstances, contains geographical inaccuracies, especially in regard to Thessaly, and is the result of the contamination of an old geographical document or periegesis dating from 770–740 with names of heroes and peoples taken from the Cypria: the Trojan Catalogue is made out of the Trojan Catalogue again in the Cypria with additions from the body of the Iliad; and the editor of both may be found in a Milesian of 630–600.

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and Human Welfare.

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man and Human Welfare.

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man, and Human Welfare.

Spinoza's Short Treatise on God, Man, and Human Welfare.

Fanti National Constitution. A short treatise on the Constitution and Government of the Fanti, Asanti, and other Akan Tribes of West Africa

Fanti National Constitution. A short treatise on the Constitution and Government of the Fanti, Asanti, and other Akan Tribes of West Africa

(1) 'New Methods of Treatment (2) 'The Surgery of the Diseases of the Appendix Vermiformis and their Complications (3) 'Clinical and Pathological Observations on Acute Abdominal Diseases (4) 'A Short Treatise on Anti-Typhoid Inoculation (5) 'The Suppression of Tuberculosis

(1) 'New Methods of Treatment (2) 'The Surgery of the Diseases of the Appendix Vermiformis and their Complications (3) 'Clinical and Pathological Observations on Acute Abdominal Diseases (4) 'A Short Treatise on Anti-Typhoid Inoculation (5) 'The Suppression of Tuberculosis