Short Message Service Language Research Articles

تحلیل الأخطاء المورفولوجیة والنحویة فی تراکیب الطلبة الجدد فی کلیة الإمام الکاظم الجامعیة

This study is an attempt at investigating morphological and syntactic errors in compositions committed by twenty first-year EFL learners at the Department of English in Al-Imam Al-Kadhum University College/ Thi-Qar. The procedure followed is observing these errors in composition writing. The findings reveal that the compositions are abound with morphological and syntactic errors and such errors are classified under eleven categories: omission of '-s'3rd person singular, misuse of ‘-s’ plural, misuse of derivational suffixes, wrong word form, inappropriate plural ending, subject-verb disagreement, auxiliary Be omission, irregular verbs, faulty sentence structure, omission of articles and misuse of prepositions. Analyzing the morphological and syntactic errors, the study explores a growing body of evidence that the learners‘ errors are due to English rule misapplication, Lack of basic understanding, overgeneralization, online chat or short message service language (SMS) influence and L1 language interference (literal translation). The findings, which show that the morphological errors are committed more than the syntactic ones, support the claim that the students lack enough exposure to written English. Thereupon, the study suggests remedial implications against the stumbling-stone of improper rule application in contributing to provide a remedy for such a critical period of college study and to draw the teachers' attention to the most pervasive errors ( the morphological ones) which aggravate difficulties in their written production.

A Multi-Agent Based Approach to Short Message Service (SMS) Normalization System

SMS language is characterized by fashion and user’s creativity but needs a transformation to proper English words or spelling to formulate natural language and text processing activities. The proposed application, Web Information Retrieval System Architecture Based on SMS (WIRSABoSMS), normalizes SMS language to retain its original syntactic structure. The concept of mobile agents in web technology was introduced as a medium to achieving Short Message Service (SMS) normalization. SMS normalization was carried out with the adoption of multi-agent technology, as agents are involved in character search, sort, and compare of the strings written in SMS form into its parental orthography. This architecture was designed based on web information retrieval system (IRS) in order to achieve SMS normalization. BLEU (bilingual evaluation understudy) was used to evaluate the quality of text. BLEU scores compare the human judgment with that of the machine translation using two set of corpora. The outcome of syntactic text message normalization recorded an average of 90% performance (for the corpus collected from researchers) when compared with the similar test conducted with human judgment using BLEU scores metric in an health-related domain.

An Analysis of Morphological and Syntactic Errors in the Compositions of the Freshman Students in Al-Imam Al-Kadhum University College

This study is an attempt at investigating morphological and syntactic errors in compositions committed by twenty first-year EFL learners at the Department of English in Al-Imam Al-Kadhum University College/ Thi-Qar. The procedure followed is observing these errors in composition writing. The findings reveal that the compositions are abound with morphological and syntactic errors and such errors are classified under eleven categories: omission of '-s'3rd person singular, misuse of ‘-s’ plural, misuse of derivational suffixes, wrong word form, inappropriate plural ending, subject-verb disagreement, auxiliary Be omission, irregular verbs, faulty sentence structure, omission of articles and misuse of prepositions. Analyzing the morphological and syntactic errors, the study explores a growing body of evidence that the learners‘ errors are due to English rule misapplication, Lack of basic understanding, overgeneralization, online chat or short message service language (SMS) influence and L1 language interference (literal translation). The findings, which show that the morphological errors are committed more than the syntactic ones, support the claim that the students lack enough exposure to written English. Thereupon, the study suggests remedial implications against the stumbling-stone of improper rule application in contributing to provide a remedy for such a critical period of college study and to draw the teachers' attention to the most pervasive errors ( the morphological ones) which aggravate difficulties in their written production.

Word Formation Process in SMS Language

Short Message Service (SMS) language can be classified in itself as a variety of written language. The classification of SMS as a distinct variety is based on the uniqueness of the way it is written, since this variety is based only on written form and not speech. This article examines the Word Formation Processes that are used in SMS language by the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) students of University of Management and Technology (UMT), Pakistan. The article also explores the choices of Word Formation Processes (WFPs) that are made by males and females. The data was collected from 50 male and 50 female students enrolled in the BBA program of a private university of Lahore. The research questions were related to the use of Word Formation Processes and the research hypotheses were tested to distinguish WFPs as a marker of Gender identity. The results revealed that Standard Word Formation Processes are used more in the SMS language as compared to non-standard WFPs and it also revealed that there is a significant difference in the choices of males and females.

Jezik SMS-jev in SMS-komunikacija

V prispevku predstavljamo SMS (angl. Short Message Service) kot vsesplošno razširjeno komunikacijsko sredstvo. Kaj danes pomeni pismenost, smo se prepričali na primeru SMS-komunikacije, ki predstavlja pomemben del našega vsakdana. SMS-ji nadomeščajo tako govorjena kot tudi pisana besedila in so lahko del neuradne ali uradne SMS-komunikacije. Svetovni splet, sleng, vsestransko prodirajoča angleščina ter omejitev na 160 znakov so odločilno vplivali na nastanek novega koda – jezika SMS-jev. Predstavljeno je tudi, kolikšen vpliv imajo na pisanje SMS-jev najrazličnejši poskusi standardizacije jezika SMS-jev.

Nigerian Teachers Perception on the Use of ‘SMS Communication on Students’ Conventional Writings

The newly invented short message service (SMS) communication occasioned by the emergence of mobile telephones is a new phenomenon in communication. This form of communication oftentimes disregards the basic rules of English grammar especially among youths and this has raised a major worry for the society in recent times. This concern is that SMS communication is gradually taking over written communication and indirectly jeopardizing students’ usage of the Standard English language in their academic writings. Within this context therefore, this paper investigates Nigerian teachers’ perception of the pervasiveness of the SMS language among students and how this form of communication is jeopardizing students’ formal academic writings. A survey was carried out among the teachers in the six zonal headquarters of Post Primary School Service Commission (PPSSC) in Anambra State, Nigeria. A sample of 400 teachers was randomly selected. Two schools were randomly sampled from each zone making twelve schools, and about 33 teachers were sampled from each school. Findings show that teachers are aware students use SMS communication because they observe that it filters into their academic writings, particularly in written examinations. The study also identified that the form of SMS language commonly used among students is replacing words with alphabets such as ‘U’ in place of ‘You’. Based on the findings, the study concludes that SMS language in communication is very detrimental to the students’ academic writings and recommends that students who use the SMS language in their written examination should be strictly penalized. Keywords : Short Message Service; SMS communication; Teachers’ Perception; Text messaging; academic writings, Nigeria.

Patients’ involvement in e-health services quality assessment: A system for the automatic interpretation of SMS-based patients’ feedback

PurposeEffective communication between patients and health services providers is a key aspect for optimizing and maintaining these services. This work describes a system for the automatic evaluation of users’ perception of the quality of SmsCup, a reminder system for outpatient visits based on short message service (SMS). The final purpose is the creation of a closed-loop control system for the outpatient service, where patients’ complaints and comments represent a feedback that can be used for a better implementation of the service itself. MethodsSmsCup was adopted since about eight years by an Italian healthcare organization, with very good results in reducing the no-show (missing visits) phenomenon. During these years, a number of citizens, even if not required, sent a message back, with comments about the service. The automatic interpretation of the content of those SMS may be useful for monitoring and improving service performances.Yet, due to the complex nature of SMS language, their interpretation represents an ongoing challenge. The proposed system uses conditional random fields as the information extraction method for classifying messages into several semantic categories. The categories refer to appreciation of the service or complaints of various types. Then, the system analyzes the extracted content and provides feedback to the service providers, making them learning and acting on this basis. ResultsAt each step, the content of the messages reveals the actual state of the service as well as the efficacy of corrective actions previously undertaken. Our evaluations showed that: (i) the SMS classification system has achieved good overall performance with an average F1-measure and an overall accuracy of about 92%; (ii) the notification of the patients’ feedbacks to service providers showed a positive impact on service functioning. ConclusionsOur study proposed an interactive patient-centered system for continuous monitoring of the service quality. It has demonstrated the feasibility of a tool for the analysis and notification of the patients’ feedback on their service experiences, which would support a more regular access to the service.

Short message service (SMS) language and written language skills: educators’ perspectives

SMS language is English language slang, used as a means of mobile phone text messaging. This practice may impact on the written language skills of learners at school. The main aim of this study was to determine the perspectives of Grade 8 and 9 English (as Home Language) educators in Gauteng regarding the possible influence of SMS language on certain aspects of learners’ written language skills. If an influence was perceived by the educators, their perceptions regarding the degree and nature of the influence were also explored. A quantitative research design, utilising a questionnaire, was employed. The sample of participants comprised 22 educators employed at independent secondary schools within Gauteng, South Africa. The results indicated that the majority of educators viewed SMS language as having a negative influence on the written language skills of Grade 8 and 9 learners. The influence was perceived as occurring in the learners’ spelling, punctuation, and sentence length. A further finding was that the majority of educators address the negative influences of SMS language when encountered in written tasks. Keywords: English Home Language teaching; SMS language; text messaging; written language skills

Electronic Therapeutic Contact for Adolescent Weight Management: The Loozit® Study

To examine adolescent and facilitator participation in the first 10 months of an obesity management intervention including electronic contact (e-contact) via e-mail and short message service (SMS) communication. Participants (n=49) were overweight and obese (13-16 year olds) and were randomized to receive e-contact in the Loozit trial. Adolescents were sent brief, semipersonalized health messages approximately monthly, from 2 to 12 months. We analyzed adolescents' response patterns, reply content, satisfaction with e-contact intervention, and facilitator responsiveness. Two coding systems described the general attributes and content of adolescent replies and facilitator responses. Adolescents' overall reply rate was 22%. There was no difference in age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index z-score, or initial group program attendance between the 27 adolescents who replied to 0-2 messages and the 22 who replied to >or=3 messages. Adolescent SMS replies had less characters and a quicker response time compared with e-mail replies. Adolescent responses were largely relevant to initial health messages sent (91%), with few using "SMS language" (17%) or emoticons (7%). Most adolescents rated e-contact as "somewhat helpful." Facilitators responded to 93% of adolescent replies, and most responses were personalized (93%), encouraging (88%), and educational (75%). Although adolescent engagement was modest, SMS and e-mail communication is a feasible and acceptable adjunct to group lifestyle intervention and telephone coaching in overweight and obese adolescents. Healthy eating messages and those concluding with "please reply" elicited the highest reply rates, and thus these message types should be included in future adolescent e-contact interventions.

The nature of SMS discourse: The case of Hebrew

Short-message service (SMS) discourse, a type of computer-mediated discourse, is a mix of written and spoken language. In this article we show that SMS language is indeed similar to the spoken and written languages, but also differs from them. We provide a description of the salient lexical and grammatical characteristics of Hebrew SMS discourse and analyze its properties by comparing three 18,000-word corpora; one of spoken language, the other of written language, and the third of SMS language. The production characteristics of SMS discourse force senders to shorten their utterances, which sometimes causes their messages to be incompatible with the normative grammar, while at the same time they may contain high-register characteristics. Additionally, the style and lexicon of SMS messages are affected by their limited content: they convey directions, everyday questions, etc.

What do mobiles speak in Algeria? Evidence from SMS language

When Algeria opened its markets to foreign investment starting from the early 2000s, a technological boom occurred, including the expansion of mobile phone use. New technologies have had a considerable impact on the Algerian diglossic situation, in recent decades, and have contributed in the democratisation of the local dialects, which are being increasingly used in public domains especially for advertising, in particular in radio, TV and billboards. The emergence of mobiles in Algeria is associated with the creation of new language variety, which is a mixture of French, Modern Standard Arabic, Algerian Arabic together with new abbreviations and writing conventions, which have emerged independently from the work of language planners. The present article is an empirical investigation, based on a sociolinguistic analysis of short message service (SMS) messages among Algerians. The purpose of the study is to survey the language used in SMS and to examine the implications of this emerging variety for language planning in Algeria.

Short article: Eye movements when reading text messaging (txt msgng)

The growing popularity of mobile-phone technology has led to changes in the way people--particularly younger people--communicate. A clear example of this is the advent of Short Message Service (SMS) language, which includes orthographic abbreviations (e.g., omitting vowels, as in wk, week) and phonetic respelling (e.g., using u instead of you). In the present study, we examined the pattern of eye movements during reading of SMS sentences (e.g., my hols wr gr8), relative to normally written sentences, in a sample of skilled "texters". SMS sentences were created by using (mostly) orthographic or phonological abbreviations. Results showed that there is a reading cost--both at a local level and at a global level--for individuals who are highly expert in SMS language. Furthermore, phonological abbreviations resulted in a greater cost than orthographic abbreviations.

The Impact of SMS Advertising on Members of a Virtual Community

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> This empirical research brings interesting insights concerning mobile commerce. Our objective is to determine the influence of language (conventional language versus short message service (SMS) language) and spokeperson on the effectiveness of SMS advertising. The experiment took place in a virtual community of gamers equipped with cellular telephones. After having exchanged messages during several days in the forum9s community, participants received one of four messages (varied with the language and the source of the message) that they evaluated afterward. Our results offer new and significant insights to managers wishing to use this medium. Unlike what is often thought, our results show that SMS language is not always recommended. While known and credible companies could use shortened, original, and entertaining SMS language, little known companies or ordinary spokepersons should refrain from doing so. Thus a message relayed by a spokeperson with little credibility, even if he is a member of the targeted community, should have a sober and clear content with a conventional language.