Short Guide Research Articles

Political Philosophy and Moral Thinking as Phenomena and/or Personages: An Essential Short Guide of a Pragmatist Reader

Despite their similarity in style, language, and performance, symmetry, repetition, and the game of arbitrariness are represented by parallel intentional paths. After years of amorphous searching through the compilation of ruins and rubble, we could, with this study, carry out the situational need for the signifier and the signified by establishing a short theoretical framework that helps illuminate the striking appearance of pragmatic phenomena. For underlying concrete acts of interpretation, to understand the meaning to the required extent, alternatively constructed enactment must manage moral thinking and political practice to rationalise the symbolism on the map at the core of the theoretical construction. Since reports, as Mehan and Wood (1975) scholarly warrant, are decoded on behalf of the facts, not of social beings, certain pragmatics of a linguistic complex, according to Saussure (1959), show that word order alone expresses the thought.

Get Ready to Sharpen Your Tools: A Short Guide to Heterotrimeric G Protein Activity Biosensors.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of transmembrane receptors encoded in the human genome, and they initiate cellular responses triggered by a plethora of extracellular stimuli ranging from neurotransmitters and hormones to photons. Upon stimulation, GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) in the cytoplasm, which then convey signals to their effectors to elicit cellular responses. Given the broad biological and biomedical relevance of GPCRs and G proteins in physiology and disease, there is great interest in developing and optimizing approaches to measure their signaling activity with high accuracy and across experimental systems pertinent to their functions in cellular communication. This review provides a historical perspective on approaches to measure GPCR-G protein signaling, from quantification of second messengers and other indirect readouts of activity to biosensors that directly detect the activity of G proteins. The latter is the focus of a more detailed overview of the evolution of design principles for various optical biosensors of G protein activity with different experimental capabilities. We will highlight advantages and limitations of biosensors that detect different G protein activation hallmarks, like dissociation of Gα and Gβγ or nucleotide exchange on Gα, as well as their suitability to detect signaling mediated by endogenous versus exogenous signaling components or in physiologically relevant systems like primary cells. Overall, this review intends to provide an assessment of the state-of-the-art for biosensors that directly measure G protein activity to allow readers to make informed decisions on the selection and implementation of currently available tools. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein activity biosensors have become essential and widespread tools to assess GPCR signaling and pharmacology. Yet, investigators face the challenge of choosing from a growing list of G protein activity biosensors. This review provides an overview of the features and capabilities of different optical biosensor designs for the direct detection of G protein activity in cells, with the aim of facilitating the rational selection of systems that align with the specific scientific questions and needs of investigators.

Cicero's Consulship Campaign. A Selection of Sources Relating to Cicero's Election as Consul for 63BC, Including ‘A Short Guide to Electioneering’ (Lactor Sourcebooks in Ancient History, Volume 3) (M.G.L.) Cooley (ed.), Pp. 53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023 (second edition). Paper, £12.99. ISBN: 978-1-009-38352-3.

Cicero's Consulship Campaign. A Selection of Sources Relating to Cicero's Election as Consul for 63BC, Including ‘A Short Guide to Electioneering’ (Lactor Sourcebooks in Ancient History, Volume 3) (M.G.L.) Cooley (ed.), Pp. 53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023 (second edition). Paper, £12.99. ISBN: 978-1-009-38352-3.

Samotny smakosz albo krótki przewodnik po komiksowych przedstawieniach konsumpcji

The Solitary Gourmet, or a Short Guide to Comics Depictions of Food Consumption Depictions of food consumption in comic books are quite numerous but they rarely stick in the minds of readers, especially when they serve as the background for the unfolding story. If the authors, however, decide to depict food, they do so in large part to achieve a few specific purposes: emphasize the characteristics of the characters, deconstruct the seriousness of the narrative, and introduce humorous elements. All of this takes place on two levels: aesthetic (from realistic to cartoonish) and existential (eating is one of the most ordinary day-to-day activities). The article aims to show the various possibilities of using representations of food consumption and discuss their meaning using selected examples.

Post-Growth, Degrowth, the Doughnut, and Circular Economy: A Short Guide for Policymakers

Cities are searching for policy strategies able to meet climate and social targets while reducing their material footprint. To this end, post-growth approaches to urban sustainability have been rapidly gaining momentum. Rejecting the idea of green growth, the notion of post-growth includes a variety of agendas and approaches—for example, wellbeing economy, circular economy, degrowth, and Doughnut Economics. City officials, urban agencies, and policymakers recognize these terms as part of a same policy trend, one that focuses on the socio-ecological quality of urban development rather than its size. Yet, they often use them interchangeably and, in so doing, they risk making policy scenarios seem less incisive and inconsistent to the public. This commentary gives a guideline to the use of these terms in policy. It compares the terms of post-growth, degrowth, circular economy, and Doughnut Economics. It argues that post-growth is an approach, the doughnut is a tool, degrowth is an agenda, and circular economy is a business model. The article concludes with a manifesto for a post-growth city, a set of principles that can be used to build an urban post-growth policy strategy.

TO THE 105<sup>TH</sup> ANNIVERSARY OF THE BOTANICAL CABINET OF THE YUZHNO-USSURIYSK BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY (NIKOLSK-USSURIYSKY)

In 2023, it will be 105 years since the formation of the first botanical scientific institution in the Russian Far East – the Botanical Cabinet of the South Ussuri Branch of the Amur Department of the Russian Geographical Society. The main direction of its research was the floristic study of the south of the Soviet Far East. Over 11 years of its existence, the staff of the Cabinet under the leadership of Ye.N. Alisova-Klobukova carried out numerous field route studies, including three large botanical expeditions in the south of Primorye Territory. The main result of the work was the publication of the Short Guide to Plants of the Far Eastern Territory (1925).

Role Play Technique in Teaching Scientific English: A Short Guide for Busy Teachers

Role Play Technique in Teaching Scientific English: A Short Guide for Busy Teachers

A Short Guide on How to Carry Out Validation of Scales Measuring Health Outcomes.

N/a.

We Made It in Venice! But Then …? Reversing Notions of Center and Periphery

We Made It in Venice! But Then …? Reversing Notions of Center and Periphery

Effectiveness of an Educational Module on Diet and Nutrition: A Farm Women Perspective from Aspirational Districts

Farm women, although they play a significant role in food and nutritional security of their households, are very much deprived of knowledge and information on food and nutrition. Only few studies have focused on nutrition of farm women and no studies have been found on farm women in aspirational districts in particular. Hence, in the present cross sectional study conducted in 2021, an educational module (folder) entitled “Diet and Nutrition of Farm Women: A Short Guide” was developed in Tamil, Malayalam and English. The module’s contents were subjected to relevancy test by 30 experts. The module’s effectiveness as perceived by the respondents on six characteristics were measured using a 19 item scale developed based on Guidelines for Pretesting and Evaluating Communication Materials given by Ministry of Health, Zambia. Responses were taken from 60 farm women to assess their perception on effectiveness of the module. Nearly 70 per cent of the farm women perceived that the educational module was useful. Majority perceived that the contents were interesting and they will follow the suggestions in the module. Hence, perceived effectiveness of the developed educational module was high and it can be used to impart behavioural change among farm women under similar circumstances.

Transitioning to a Career Outside of Academia: A Short Guide for Students and Early Career Researchers

Leaving graduate school and entering the workforce can be intimidating. The competition for postdoctoral fellowships, tenure-track professorships, and research associate positions creates a challenging environment for recent graduates interested in pursuing a career in academia, causing many to consider changing sectors (Cyranoski et al., 2011; Main et al., 2021; Nerad et al., 2022). However, students are often unprepared to make this professional change because graduate programs are typically designed to prepare them for continuing in academic careers, and mentors are often less familiar with career choices in the non-academic world.

The Short Guide to Community Development, 3rd Edition

The Short Guide to Community Development, 3rd Edition

Restenosis after Coronary Stent Implantation: Cellular Mechanisms and Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (A Short Guide for the Interventional Cardiologist).

Coronary stents are among the most common therapies worldwide. Despite significant improvements in the biocompatibility of these devices throughout the last decades, they are prone, in as many as 10–20% of cases, to short- or long-term failure. In-stent restenosis is a multifactorial process with a complex and incompletely understood pathophysiology in which inflammatory reactions are of central importance. This review provides a short overview for the clinician on the cellular types responsible for restenosis with a focus on the role of endothelial progenitor cells. The mechanisms of restenosis are described, along with the cell-based attempts made to prevent it. While the focus of this review is principally clinical, experimental evidence provides some insight into the potential implications for prevention and therapy of coronary stent restenosis.

Welcome to Vienna: The Story of Austria as Reflected in the British and American Versions of the Soldier’s Guides to Austria

Abstract This article discusses and analyzes British and American perceptions, postwar planning aims, and stereotypes about Austria and its future restoration–post World War II. The article uses the concept of “militourist gaze” in order to compare differences and similarities between the British and the American attitudes reflected in their military handbooks for Austria. Through comparative research and close reading of Austria—A Soldier’s Guide, with other Second World War II soldier’s guides that were published by the British and the Americans respectively, we can conclude that it was the British and not the Americans who published the booklet Austria—A Soldier’s Guide. Furthermore, a typeset titled “A Short Guide to Austria,” found in the British National Archives, reveals the American version of the soldier’s guide to Austria, although this version was never published and both armies distributed the British guide to their troops. Using the militourist gaze in our interpretation of the soldier’s guide(s) to Austria we can better understand how British and American military media used prewar stereotypes on Austrians and Austria in order to rebuild Austrian nationhood vis-a-vis Germany. In this sense the British Austria—A Soldier’s Guide holds a special place since it is intended not only for army indoctrination of troops and their mission in Austria, but also as a means of national propaganda for the Austrians themselves, both by using the Moscow Declaration as subtext in the guide and by voicing prewar Austrian self-understanding from the interwar period.

A Short Guide to Effective Mental Capacity Assessment for Midwives

In this piece, the author presents the acronym CAPACITY as a short guide to effective mental capacity assessment for midwives, before, during and after the assessment process itself. Each dimension of the acronym is discussed with specific reference to its clinical midwifery implications and moreover, in relation to how midwives can carry out a mental capacity assessment sequentially, effectively, and in an egalitarian, woman-centred fashion. There are a number of practice-challenge questions (five in total) contained throughout the narrative specifically for the purposes of not only encouraging quantitative and qualitative reflection, but also to consolidate learning on the salient points made throughout the piece.

Recommendations for a More Organized and Effective Approach to the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer From the PRECEDE (Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection) Consortium

Recommendations for a More Organized and Effective Approach to the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer From the PRECEDE (Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection) Consortium

How to Choose a Shunt for Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Short Guide to Selecting the Best Shunt Assembly.

Most patients with hydrocephalus are still managed with the implantation of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt in which the CSF flow is regulated by a differential-pressure valve (DPV). Our aim in this review is to discuss some basic concepts in fluid mechanics that are frequently ignored but that should be understood by neurosurgeons to enable them to choose the most adequate shunt for each patient. We will present data, some of which is not provided by manufacturers, which may help neurosurgeons in selecting the most appropriate shunt. To do so, we focused on the management of patients with idiopathic “normal-pressure hydrocephalus” (iNPH), as one of the most challenging scenarios, in which the combination of optimal technology, patient characteristics, and knowledge of fluid mechanics can significantly modify the surgical results. For a better understanding of the available hardware and its evolution over time, we will have a second look at the design of the first DPV and the reasons why additional devices were incorporated to control for shunt overdrainage and its related complications. We try to persuade the reader that a clear understanding of the physical concepts of the CSF and shunt dynamics is key to understand the pathophysiology of iNPH and to improve its treatment.

A Short Philosophical Guide to the Fallacies of Love, by José A. Díez and Andrea Iacona

A Short Philosophical Guide to the Fallacies of Love, by José A. Díez and Andrea Iacona

What scientific information on non-structural elements seismic risk people need to know ? Part 2: tools for risk communication

The present paper describes the process of moving from a research study of most common vulnerable non-structural elements, to deliver solutions, tools and guidelines to improve understanding of and responsiveness to community concerns about seismic risk and non-structural elements. The observed damage to non-structural elements following recent earthquakes in Italy, Portugal and Iceland, were used for designing communication tools under the KnowRISK EU project for multi-stakeholders (students, business and citizens): the Practical Guide, the Students Short Guide, the KnowRISK Portfolio of Solutions, the Move, Protect and Secure video, the augmented reality apps, the maquettes, the students notebooks, videos, board games and hands-on tools. The philosophy behind these deliverables is that some risks, once identified, can be eliminated or reduced by informing people and suggesting preventive or emergency measures. These tools are devoted to improving the seismic performance of non-structural elements and to reduce the associated economic losses, loss of functionality, and potential threats to life safety. The rationale behind the selection of the information that people need to know for converting knowledge to more safety is discussed and a description of the transference of the findings of research to communication solutions is presented. The tools were planned following the engagement-model in risk communication to ensure that needs of communities and selected stakeholders were acknowledged, and that recipients are addressed in a way that appeals to them. Different media and communication channels such as print, television, online, face-to face communication and interviews were used for risk communication.

Difference-in-differences Design and Propensity Score Matching in Top Accounting Research: A Short Guide for Ph.D. Students in Iran

In recent years, to increase the robustness of methodology sections of accounting research, applying quasi-experimental methods has become a popular approach in archival-empirical research of top-tier accounting journals. The purpose of this study is to discuss the usefulness of the two most robust methods, including difference-in-differences (DD) propensity score matching (PSM). This paper discusses DD PSM design reviews DD PSM's use in articles of American Accounting Associations’ journals in recent years. In addition to a simple explanation of DD PSM, this research provides a list of credible empirical accounting studies that have used these two methods. The research also explores the reasons for using the two methods in the empirical-archival studies of accounting shows that in addition to extracting a causal relationship, the most important reason for using the two methods is to reduce the potential concerns surrounding the omitted variables and heterogeneity of treatment control groups. Overall, by highlighting the importance application of the DD the PSM, this research can help the methodology sections' robustness in the empirical-archive accounting research that focuses on causal relationships provide a simple practical guide, especially for Ph.D. students in accounting.