Short-form Oral Health Impact Profile Research Articles

The Impact of Non-Extraction Orthodontic Treatment on the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life between a Modified Aligner Appliance with Ni-Ti Springs and the Traditional Fixed Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background and Objectives: To compare the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) outcomes between patients treated with modified Ni-Ti spring-based alignment appliances or conventional fixed appliances using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14), as well as the levels of satisfaction with the appliance appearance, treatment progress, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients (11 males, 25 females) were randomly divided into two groups: either the modified aligner appliance with Ni-Ti springs group (MAA) or the traditional fixed appliances group (FA). The allocation ratio was 1:1, and the randomization process was carried out by an independent investigator not involved in this study. Mild crowding cases were included in this study. The OHRQoL of patients was evaluated using the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) at five time points: before the treatment commencement (T0); 2 weeks (T1), 1 month (T2), and 2 months (T3) after the treatment initiation; and post-treatment (T4). The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patient satisfaction. Blinding was performed only during the outcomes assessment. Results: This randomized controlled trial had no dropouts, and the demographic characteristics of the groups were comparable. The MAA group experienced significantly greater functional limitations compared with the FA group at all three evaluation time points (T1, T2, and T3), as evidenced by the statistically significant p-values (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The psychological disability in the MAA group was significantly lower than in the FA group at both T2 (p = 0.005) and T3 (p = 0.003). The patient satisfaction with the appliance appearance was significantly higher in the MAA group than in the FA group (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The OHRQoL improved in both the modified aligner appliance with Ni-Ti springs and fixed appliance groups after the treatment. Moreover, the functional limitations during the treatment were less severe in the FA group, while the psychological disability was lower, and the patient satisfaction with the appliance appearance was higher in the MAA group.

Nursing home residents’ perspectives on oral health: An in-depth interview study

BackgroundOral health is associated with general health and care dependency, but is often neglected in nursing homes. Integration of oral care into general care is necessary, but is hampered by multiple barriers at different levels. This study is part of research into the implementation of the new Oral Health Section for use within the interRAI Long-Term Care Facilities instrument, which is used to assess care needs of nursing home residents. This new Oral Health Section evaluates nine aspects of oral health and results in two Collaborative Action Points. ObjectiveTo identify residents' perspectives on oral health, oral care, and on the assessment of their oral health using the new Oral Health Section DesignQualitative design using in-depth interviews. Setting(s)Three nursing homes ParticipantsResidents were selected using purposeful sampling in nursing homes participating in research evaluating the use of the new Oral Health Section. The selection was based on their oral status for maximum variation and on their cognitive performance score. Twenty-two residents from three Flemish nursing homes agreed to participate. MethodsResidents’ oral health was assessed using the new Oral Health Section and dental indices. In-depth interviews were conducted, including the validated short-form Oral Health Impact Profile to evaluate the impact of oral conditions on residents’ well-being. The interviews were coded and analysed by three researchers and mapped into a model to understand participants’ oral health behaviours. ResultsLow Oral Health Impact Profile scores indicated a low impact of oral health issues on participants’ lives. However, despite 77.3 % of the participants reporting satisfaction with their oral health, 86.4 % had poor oral hygiene and 68.2 % required referral to a dentist, suggesting a tendency to overestimate their oral health. Their oral health behaviour was determined by a lack of oral health knowledge (Capability), positive attitudes towards oral health and autonomy (Motivation), upbringing and social support (Opportunity). Participants considered assessments with the new Oral Health Section acceptable. ConclusionsThis study shows how older people perceive their oral health and oral healthcare. Understanding their wishes and needs will not only facilitate their involvement in their oral care, but is also likely to enable the improvement of their oral hygiene and the development of effective oral care strategies for the future. Policy makers and managers of care organisations may use these results to foster integration of oral care guidelines into care protocols within nursing homes, including collaboration with dentists and dental hygienists. Tweetable abstractOral health assessments with the new Oral Health Section for use within interRAI were positively perceived by nursing home residents.

Assessing oral health and the minimally important differences in oral health-related quality of life of non-diabetic and diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study.

Non-diabetics and diabetics might have different oral health problems and impacts on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Comparison of oral health status and coping strategies between these patients, and evaluation of factors associated with OHRQoL might facilitate better treatment planning for improved patient-centred outcome. One hundred and eleven non-diabetics and 107 diabetics attending a public hospital were clinically examined and evaluated for coping strategies (abbreviated coping orientation to problems experienced) and OHRQoL [short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14S)]. Factors associated with OHRQoL were analysed through correlation/partial correlation. Minimally important differences (MID) of OHIP-14S were calculated to confirm associations between attachment loss, caries, and tooth loss with OHRQoL. Non-diabetics had worse periodontal status. Diabetics had more missing teeth. Non-diabetics and diabetics employed maladaptive coping to manage oral health problems. Overall, non-diabetics reported worse OHRQoL. Determination of MID showed that non-diabetics with high-severe attachment loss and <20 teeth experienced poorer OHRQoL. Diabetics with caries, high-severe attachment loss, and <25 teeth experienced poorer OHRQoL. Different factors were associated with OHRQoL of non-diabetics and diabetics. Delivery of treatment aimed at maintaining teeth in a periodontally healthy and caries free state, and provision of more chewing units might help improve OHRQoL of diabetics. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.

Profiling oral health status, values, and related quality of life in patients with oral cancer: a pilot study

Patients diagnosed with oral cancer frequently exhibit an increased likelihood of experiencing common dental conditions, lower dental health literacy, and a decline in their overall quality of life. However, there is limited understanding on the impact of oral health values on these patients. This study aims to explore the oral health status and their oral health determinants and reported outcomes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at the Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil. This cross-sectional study included patients who were diagnosed with OSCC for the first time. These individuals were administered a questionnaire that collected sociodemographic data, as well as their scores on the oral health value scale (OHVS) and the short-form oral health impact profile. In addition, participants self-reported their experiences with periodontitis and caries using the decayed, missing, filled index. The final sample consisted of 46 OSCC patients, consisting of 34 males and 12 females. The average age of the participants was 70.0 years (±13.2), with most of them being retired (65.2%). There were no differences found between sex regarding age (p = 0.531), employment status (p = 0.114), presence of systemic conditions, smoking habits (p = 0.423), or alcohol consumption (p = 0.404). In the OHVS, there was a statistically significant difference between men and women regarding the retention of natural teeth (p = 0.021). Patients with self-perceived periodontitis exhibited worse functional limitation (p = 0.039) and physical pain (p = 0.049). Regarding dental caries experience, it was observed that a majority of patients had a higher incidence of missing posterior teeth (59.2%). This sample presented a significant decline in oral health, in addition to the diagnosed OSCC. The oral health value and quality of life were severely declined. There is a concerning lack of oral care and health that, consequently, impacts the quality of life of these patients.

Changes in oral health-related quality of life before and after dental treatment in 8–12-year-old Costa Rican schoolchildren

AimsThe aims of this study were to (1) evaluate oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in 8–12-year-old Costa Rican schoolchildren before and after dental treatment and (2) collect clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsSchoolchildren completed the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form (COHIP-SF-19) questionnaire before and after dental treatment. One of the parents was asked to complete a sociodemographic survey. Patients were treated for caries, hypomineralizations, and dental malocclusions. The prevalence of these conditions were assessed from the patient's electronic dental record.ResultsEighty participants (39 male and 41 female, average age: 9.4 ± 1.0 years) were recruited. The prevalence of dental caries was 56.1% with a mean deft and DMFT score of 3,15 ± 0.96 and 2.22 ± 0.77, respectively. Prevalence of hypomineralizations was 53.7% and dental malocclusions was 82.9%. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index before treatment was 1.45 ± 0.45 and after was 1.42 ± 0.43. Mean COHIP-SF-19 total score decreased from 53,7 ± 7,8 before dental treatment to 31,4 ± 4,2 after treatment. Improvements in all subdomains were also observed. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, 65% of the patients lived in San José, Costa Rica's capital city, and 56.3% of the studied population belonged to a low-income family. Most parents did not complete high school. Regarding the number of family members living in the same house as the patient, an average of four people was reported. In relation to family structure, 58.8% of the children's parents lived together, either married or free union. As for household owning, 53.8% of parents reported owning their house, 36.3% lived in a rented house, and 10% lived in a borrowed home.ConclusionThe prevalence of caries, hypomineralizations, and dental malocclusions were high before dental treatment. Reported sociodemographic characteristics unlikely changed after dental treatment, suggesting dental care played a pivotal role in improving self-perceptions of oral health and quality of life in our clinical setting.

Comparison of the quality of life changes of patients receiving sagittal split ramus osteotomy or intraoral vertical subsigmoid osteotomy for mandibular prognathism.

To investigate and compare the effect of two orthognathic procedures for mandibular setback, namely, sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO), on oral health, mental- and physical health-related quality of life across time. Patients with mandibular prognathism and planned for orthognathic surgery were recruited in this study. Patients were randomized into two groups (IVRO and SSRO groups). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed with the 14-item Short-Form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) preoperatively (T0), postoperative 2weeks (T1), 6weeks (T2), 3months (T3), 6months (T4), 12months (T5), and 24months (T6). A comparison of OHIP-14 and SF-36 scores between two groups was conducted. Ninety-eight patients (49 SSRO group, 49 IVRO group) participated in this study. There was no significant difference in OHIP-14 scores between SSRO and IVRO throughout the treatment process. SSRO group had significant reduction of OHIP-14 score (i.e., improving oral health-related QoL) since postoperative 2weeks, whereas IVRO group had significant reduction since postoperative 6weeks. Starting from postoperative 3months, the oral health-related QoL of both groups was already significantly better than the baseline level and continued to steadily improve afterwards. For SF-36, both groups had increased physical health summary score starting from postoperative 2weeks, indicating an early and gradual recovery of physical health-related QoL. The mental health summary score of the SSRO group began to increase from postoperative 2weeks, but that of the IVRO group only began to increase from postoperative 6weeks. Patient age at the time of surgery was positively correlated with OHIP scores in the postoperative period. The study concludes that both SSRO and IVRO contributed to the improvement of QoL in the long term, but oral health- and mental health-related QoL of SSRO groups showed earlier improvement. Undergoing orthognathic surgery at early ages is advised, as older age of patients appeared to have worse QoL. Clinical trial registration number: HKUCTR-1985. Date of Registration: 14 Apr 2015.

Psychometric properties of the Malay Fonseca Anamnestic Index for temporomandibular disorders

ABSTRACT Objective This study translated/cross-culturally adapted the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) into Malay and psychometrically tested the Malay-FAI (FAI-M). Methods The FAI-M was created according to international guidelines. Internal consistency/test-retest reliability were assessed with Cronbach’s alpha/intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients. Construct and convergent validity were appraised by relating the FAI-M to the Global Oral Health (GOH) questionnaire and Short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP) using Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman’s rho correlation (α = 0.05). Results Of the 243 participants enrolled, 54.7% (n = 133) had no TMDs, while TMDs were present in 45.3% (n = 110). The FAI-M presented very good internal consistency (α = 0.90) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.99). Theoretically predicted FAI-M score patterns matched the GOH categories, and strong correlations were discerned between FAI-M and S-OHIP (rs = 0.71). Conclusion The FAI-M exhibited good psychometric properties and can be applied in Malay-speaking populations.

Influence of case definitions on epidemiological estimates of periodontitis prevalence and its associations with smoking and OHRQoL.

To compare periodontitis prevalence estimates obtained using the new classification system with those generated using other case definitions from the literature, examine the strength of the association between tobacco smoking and periodontitis (and that between periodontitis and its impact on oral-health-related quality of life; OHRQoL) using those definitions. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2009New Zealand Oral Health Survey, a cross-sectional dental examination survey of a representative sample of people aged 18 or over. We identified cases using 10 different periodontitis case definitions and then compared weighted prevalence estimates across those. The associations between smoking and periodontitis, and between periodontitis and short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) scores, were then compared across the various case definitions. There was considerable variation in periodontitis prevalence estimates (range 3% to 59%). All definitions (but one) showed a higher prevalence of periodontitis in smokers than in non-smokers. The new classification stage III definition showed the strongest association, with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 1.99 (95%CI: 1.35, 2.91). All case definitions (but one) had a higher mean OHIP-14score among people with periodontitis. Periodontitis prevalence estimates are greatly influenced by case definition choice. The new classification system may be more accurate than any other used to date, but questions remain about its utility for periodontal epidemiology.

Impact of psychological states on periodontitis severity and oral health-related quality of life.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify impacts of depression, anxiety and stress on periodontitis severity and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). A total of 141 periodontitis patients were recruited. Psychological states were assessed using the Malay short-form Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (MDASS-21). Subjects were grouped as positive for depression, anxiety or stress (DAS) (positive-DAS), without DAS (non-DAS), stress-only and anxiety-only. OHRQoL was evaluated using the Malay short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP[M]). OHRQoL was associated with MDASS-21, probing pocket depths, recession, clinical attachment levels, number of teeth present and number of teeth with mobility. S-OHIP(M) of positive-DAS subjects was associated with clinical attachment levels, number of teeth present and presence of anxiety. Anxiety-only subjects reported higher S-OHIP(M) scores compared to the non-DAS group. OHRQoL of all subjects was negatively impacted by periodontitis severity and tooth loss. Combinations of depression, anxiety or stress led to worse periodontal status and OHRQoL. Subjects with anxiety-only experienced poorer OHRQoL compared to those without depression, anxiety and stress regardless of periodontitis severity. Possible impacts of psychological states on periodontitis and OHRQoL highlights the importance of assessing and improving psychological factors as part of periodontal therapy and to enhance OHRQoL.

Association of the estrogen receptor gene with oral health-related quality of life in patients with dentofacial deformities.

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and patient-associated factors and polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2) genes in patients with dentofacial deformities (DFD). This cross-sectional study included 234 adult individuals. Data such as age, sex, and the type of facial profile (I, II, or III), were collected, and the short-form oral health impact profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to assess their OHRQoL. DNA was collected from oral mucosa cells, and the polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data were subjected to statistical analysis at a significance level of 5%. Individuals over 28 years of age exhibited worse OHRQoL (p = 0.003) than individuals aged less than or equal to 28 years. Women had worse OHRQoL than men (p < 0.001). Profile II individuals had worse OHRQoL in the social disability domain than profile III individuals (p = 0.030). Genetic analysis showed that rs9340799 was associated with OHRQoL in the functional limitation domain, and GG individuals exhibited worse OHRQoL than individuals carrying the AA/AG genotypes (p < 0.030). In the social handicap domain, individuals with GG genotype in rs9340799 exhibited worse OHRQoL than AG individuals (p < 0.043). Collectively, our results reveal that factors including age, sex, and type of facial profile, are associated with OHRQoL in patients with DFD. In addition, individuals with the GG genotype in rs9340799 (ESR1) may experience a negative impact on OHRQoL in the functional limitation and social handicap domains.

Quality of life in an adolescent orthodontic population.

To investigate adolescent orthodontic patient experiences and quality of life with fixed appliances compared to Invisalign. Adolescent patients in active treatment with Invisalign or fixed appliances for a minimum of 6 months were provided with the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 questionnaire, along with additional items of interest that were assessed separately. Pearson's χ2 test was used to compare responses (P < .05), and unpaired t-tests (P < .05) were used to test for differences in mean satisfaction, quality of life, and domain scores. In total, 74 patients (37 in each treatment group) participated. Overall, no significant differences were noted in the mean quality of life, satisfaction, or domain scores between the two groups. A significant difference was noted in the time taken to adjust to appliances, with the Invisalign group demonstrating faster adaptation. Additionally, the fixed appliance group was 3.8 times more likely to report missing school because of their appliance (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 12.5) and 2.7 times more likely to report having difficulty eating certain foods (95% CI: 1.1, 7.1). When the sample of females between the ages of 14 and 18 was analyzed, the Invisalign group reported feeling attractive more often than the fixed appliance group. Both treatment groups were generally very satisfied with their treatment modality. The overall quality of life of adolescent orthodontic patients undergoing treatment with fixed appliances and Invisalign for a minimum of 6 months was similar.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Croatian University Students.

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is utilized in health services research to examine trends in oral health and population-based needs assessment. To determine the impact of oral diseases on everyday life, measures of oral quality of life are needed. In addition to common disease-based measures, they assess the need for oral care to evaluate oral health care programs and treatment management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the OHRQoL among Croatian university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 895 students (mean age 22 ± 4 years; 54.75% were females). The data collection was carried out through a self-administered short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire which comprises 14 items that describe 7 subscales. Each subscale is named according to its constitutive items: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and social handicap. The quality of data was descriptively analysed and internal consistency reliability was assessed by Chronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pearson’s correlation was performed on the OHIP-14 total score and 7 subscale scores. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05. The prevalence of reported impact on OHRQoL was 31.84% and the mean OHIP-14 score was 11.66 ± 8.72. Chronbach’s alpha for the OHIP-14 total score was 0.91 (range for subscales: 0.70–0.87). Total OHIP-14 score was correlated with each of the seven subscales (correlation range: 0.56–0.84). The psychological discomfort and physical pain subscales recorded the highest impact with 56.09% and 24.47%, respectively, while the least impact was recorded in the physical disability subscale with 13.35%. The mean OHIP-14 score of the students in this study reflects that the oral health status of most of the students did not significantly affect their OHRQoL. However, the psychological discomfort and physical pain subscales were the most severely affected aspects of their OHRQoL. The OHIP-14 had reasonable reliability in relation to subjective global oral health indicators among students and thus appears to be a useful OHRQoL measure in this context.

An Indonesian Version of Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF19): Assessing Validity and Reliability

Previous surveys have indicated that the majority of Indonesian children have poor oral health. However, scant information is available on children’s oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). The purpose of this study was to assess reliability as well as discriminant and convergent validity of Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF 19) Indonesian version. Methods: The Indonesian version of COHIP-SF 19 was developed according to the guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation process. The instrument was tested among 529 children between 12 – 15 years old who were randomly selected from six junior high schools in Jakarta. The psychometric testing included internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity. Results: Mean age of the participants was 13.3±0.9 years and 54% of the participants were female. The mean COHIP-SF 19 score was 57.8±8.8 and the median was 58 (range 27 – 75). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability was excellent for COHIP-SF 19 score with Chronbach’s alpha 0.83 and intra-class correlation coefficient 0.81. Children with active decay, untreated caries with pulpal involvement, and gingivitis had significantly lower COHIP-SF 19 scores (p-value ≤ 0.030). Correlation between COHIP-SF 19 score, subscale scores and clinical severity as well as self-rated general or oral health were very low to low (rs = 0.04 – 0.27, p-value ≤ 0.028), after adjustment for children’s age and gender. Conclusions: The Indonesian version of COHIP-SF 19 was successfully developed to be used as an OHRQoL instrument for Indonesian school-age children. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity of COHIP-SF 19 Indonesian version were confirmed

Patients With a History of Oronasal Fistula Repair Exhibit Lower Oral Health Measured With Patient-Centric Outcomes Measures.

Oronasal fistulae following palatoplasty may affect patients' quality of life by impacting their ability to eat, speak, and maintain oral hygiene. We aimed to quantify the impact of previous oronasal fistula repair on patients' quality of life using patient-reported outcome psychometric tools. A cross-sectional study of 8- to 9-year-old patients with cleft palate and/or lip was completed. Patients who had a cleft team clinic between September 2018 and August 2019 were recruited. Participants were divided into 2 groups (no fistula, prior fistula repair). Differences in the individual CLEFT-Q and Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF 19) Oral Health scores between the 2 groups were evaluated using a multivariate analysis controlling for Veau classification and syndromic diagnosis. Sixty patients with a history of cleft palate were included. Forty-two (70%) patients had an associated cleft lip. Thirty-two (53.3%) patients had no history of fistula and 28 (46.7%) patients had undergone a fistula repair. CLEFT-Q Dental, Jaw, and Speech Function were all higher in patients without a history of a fistula repair; however, none of these differences were statistically significant. The COHIP-SF 19 Oral Health score demonstrated a significantly lower score in the fistula group, indicating poorer oral health (P = .05). One would expect that successful repair of a fistula would result in improved function and patient satisfaction, but the consistent trend toward lower CLEFT-Q scores and significantly increased COHIP-SF 19 Oral Health scores in our study group suggests that residual effects linger and that the morbidity of a fistula may not be completely treated with a secondary correction.

Third Molar Surgery Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Submucosal and Intravenous Dexamethasone

Swelling, pain, and trismus after third molar surgery have a negative impact on patients' quality-of-life in the days following surgery. The study aims to compare the efficacy of submucosal (SM) dexamethasone and intravenous (IV) dexamethasone in reducing these outcomes. The single-center study was designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial with a total of 130 participants evenly allocated into 2 treatment groups. All participants underwent the surgical removal of at least 2 mandibular third molars under intravenous sedation. The outcome variables studied were swelling, pain, and maximum incisal distances. The swelling was measured using a 3-dimensional camera (3dMD Inc, Atlanta, GA). The pain was quantified using a 100mm visual analog scale (VAS). Maximum incisal distances were measured using a caliper. Participants completed the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The 2 groups were compared using cross-tabulations and chi-square tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables. The participants had a mean age of 22.6years, 56.8% females and 12.4% smokers. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of study variables between the 2 groups. On day 2, mean facial swelling measurements were 7.3cm3 in the IV group and 7.8cm3 in the SM group (P>.05). The mean pain score was 31 in the IV group and 33 in the SM group (P>.05). The mean maximum incisal distances were 33.7mm in the IV group and 34.5mm in the SM group (P>.05). Both groups experienced poorer quality-of-life relative to baseline scores and were affected to a similar extent. There are no differences in swelling, pain, and trismus between submucosal and intravenous dexamethasone in third molar surgery. Submucosal dexamethasone is a straightforward and accessible route of steroid administration in patients having third molar surgery under local anesthesia only.

The development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF 19) for school-age children

BackgroundThis study was performed to develop and validate a Japanese version of Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form (COHIP-SF) 19 and to assess its psychometric properties in Japanese school-age children.MethodsThe original English COHIP-SF 19 was translated into Japanese (COHIP-SF 19 JP) using a standard forward and backward translation procedure. The psychometric properties of the COHIP-SF 19 JP were assessed in 379 public school students between 7 and 18 years of age in Fukuoka, Japan. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) were the metrics used for evaluation of this questionnaire. The discriminant validly was examined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test to identify significant differences in COHIP-SF 19 JP scores according to the results of dental examinations. The convergent validity was examined using the Spearman correlations to determine the relationships between COHIP-SF 19 JP scores and the self-perceived oral health ratings. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to verify the factor structure of the questionnaire.ResultsThe COHIP-SF 19 JP revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.77) and test-retest reliability (ICC, 0.81). Discriminant validity indicated that children with dental caries or malocclusion had significantly lower COHIP-SF 19 JP scores (P < 0.05); convergent validity indicated that the self-perceived oral health rating was significantly correlated with the COHIP-SF 19 JP total score and subscores (rs = 0.352–0.567, P < 0.0001), indicating that the questionnaire had a sufficient construct validity. CFA suggested that the modified four-factor model had better model fit indices than the original three-factor model.ConclusionThe collected data showed that the COHIP-SF 19 JP possesses sufficient psychometric properties for use in Japanese school-age children.

Chemosensory dysfunction, Oral disorders and Oral health-related quality of life in patients with primary Sj\xf6gren\u2019s syndrome: comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate chemosensory function and oral disorders in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and to compare these findings with those of age- and gender-matched healthy controls.MethodsThis comparative cross-sectional study included 58 patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Olfactory and gustatory function, burning sensations in the tongue (BST) and halitosis were assessed. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated using the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14).ResultsPatients with pSS had significantly lower self-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) smell score (8.6 ± 2.2 vs. 9.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.016) and VAS taste score (8.5 ± 2.1 vs. 9.5 ± 0.7, p = 0.014) than healthy controls. A greater proportion of patients with pSS had anosmia (3.8% vs. 0.0%) or hyposmia (36.5% vs. 13.2%) and ageusia for basic tastes: sweetness (34.0% vs. 7.5%), sourness (10.6% vs. 0.0), saltiness (10.0% vs. 5.7%) or bitterness (19.1% vs. 1.9%) as evaluated using Sniffin Sticks test and taste stripts, respectively. A higher proportion of pSS patients complained of dysgeusia (52.6% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.0001) and BST (45.6% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.0001), while similar number of patients with pSS and controls reported halitosis (31.6% vs. 28.3%, p = 0.434). The mean OHIP-14 score was significantly higher in patients with pSS (6.8 ± 7.0 vs. 2.3 ± 8.5, p < 0.001) indicating patients’ poorer OHRQoL compared with controls.ConclusionsThe majority of patients with pSS had impaired chemosensory function and indicators of oral health in comparison with the age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Further studies of oral hygiene habits and dietary intake of these patients are needed to ensure better management of oral health problems in patients with pSS.

Quality of Life Assessment for Elderly Patients Treated With Orthognathic Surgery.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life (QoL) in elderly patients. Twenty patients who underwent orthognathic surgery to correct Angle Class I, II e, III relations were evaluated. Condition-specific QoL through a 22-item Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) and generic oral health-related QoL through a 14-item short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were assessed. A statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the average overall score was detected between the presurgical and postsurgical assessments. Male group showed significant improvement in physical pain (P = 0.047) and psychological discomfort (P = 0.039). No difference was found between the OHIP-14 (P = 0.582) and OQLQ (P = 0.525) total scores for the type of surgery (mono-maxillary or bimaxillary). Orthognathic surgical treatment had a positive impact on oral health-related QoL in the patients evaluated. The results of this study emphasize the concept that dental esthetics influence patients' oral health-related QoL.

An Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Comparison Between Adults With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Class III Malocclusion.

To compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before treatment of adults with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and surgical Class III malocclusion, and to consider if clefts needing different orthodontic treatment protocols could influence people's self-perception. Cross sectional. Cleft Lip and Palate Center and Clinic of Orthognathic Surgery from a School of Dentistry. A sample of adults with repaired nonsyndromic UCLP (n = 52) which was age- and sex-matched with a noncleft Class III malocclusion sample seeking orthognathic surgery (n = 51). In turn, the cleft group was subdivided according to treatment planning into nonsurgical orthodontic and surgical orthodontic approaches. The whole sample was assessed using the short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14), with higher scores indicating a poorer OHRQoL. Statistical comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and effect size. Bonferroni adjustment was used for post hoc tests (P < .017). The OHIP-14 scores of the UCLP and Class III groups were significantly different (P = .001, η2 = 0.108), and higher in Class III. The largest commitment was in the physical disability, physical pain, and psychological disability domains. In addition, no differences were found when the UCLP treatment planning was considered. Surgical Class III malocclusion have a poorer OHRQoL when compared to patients with UCLP, irrespective of whether they are treated surgically or orthodontically. Therefore, the greater commitment of OHRQoL appears to be influenced by the etiology of Class III, and not by treatment plan.

Oral health-related quality of life among community dwelling middle-aged and older adults in an urban area in Magway region, Myanmar.

ABSTRACTThis study aims at describing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and determining its associated factors in a middle-aged and older adult community dwelling population in Myanmar. In a cross-sectional community survey, 633 individuals (men 55% and women 45%), aged 35–65 years, selected by multi-stage random sampling, responded to a structured questionnaire on the Oral Health Impact Profile-short form (OHIP-14), health status, health behavior and socio-demographic information. Participants had an overall mean score of 8.1(item mean=0.65) on the OHIP-14, 57.2% had impaired OHRQoL and 16.6% frequent impaired OHRQoL. The highest prevalence of problems was found to be psychological discomfort (60.2%), followed by physical pain (51.7%) and physical disability (40.9%). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, poor oral health status (tooth loss, having one or more cavities, and poor perceived periodontal health), and poor general health status (depressive symptoms) were positive while oral health behavior (drinking piped or bottled water, using toothpaste with fluoride, and never visited a dentist) were negatively associated with both impaired and frequent impaired OHRQoL. In addition, frequent soft drink consumption was associated with impaired OHRQoL, and having a high household income and being physically inactive were associated with frequent impaired OHRQoL. A high prevalence of impaired OHRQoL was found among this middle-aged and older adult population in central Myanmar. Several risk factors (poor oral health status, poor general health status, poor oral and general health behavior) for impaired OHRQoL were identified, which could help in guiding oral health interventions among the populace.