Shoot Fly Atherigona Soccata Research Articles

Efficacy of Insecticide Based Seed Treatments with Neem Seed Extract Sprays against Sorghum Shoot Fly <i>Atherigona soccata</i> in Sorghum

This study was carried out under field conditions at the Sorghum Research Unit, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during kharif 2020 to ascertain the effect of neem seed extract sprays along with seed treatments against sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Rondani). The counts of deadhearts in % at 21 and 28 days after emergence (DAE) varied significantly with the treatment schedule- least values of 13.15 and 15.22%, respectively were observed in seed treatment with imidacloprid 48FS @ 12 ml/ kg seed followed by quinalphos 25EC @ 2 ml/ l water spray 15 DAE. The next best treatments were viz., seed treatment with imidacloprid 30FS @ 12 ml/ kg seed with 13.68 and 16.29% deadhearts, respectively; it was followed by seed treatment with thiamethoxam 48FS @ 12 ml/ kg seed. Maximum grain yield (32.33 q/ ha) was observed with seed treatment with imidacloprid 48FS @ 12 ml/ kg followed by quinalphos 25EC @ 2 ml/ l water spray at 15 DAE. Maximum incremental cost and benefit ratio (ICBR) was obtained with seed treatment of thiamethoxam 30FS @ 12 ml/ kg with 1:96.68. Neem seed extract-based treatment schedules viz., NSE 5 % spray 7 DAE, treatment schedule NSE 5 % spray 7 and 11 DAE, treatment schedule NSE 5 % spray 7, 11 and 14 DAE and treatment schedule NSE 5 % spray 7 and 18 DAE gave less ICBR values.

Damage Potential and Management of Sorghum Shoot Fly Atherigona soccata on Sorghum with Seed Treatment

A field experiment conducted at the sorghum research field, College of Agriculture, Indore Madhya Pradesh during kharif 2019-20 evaluated six seed dressing chemicals along with soil application of carbofuran against shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Rondani). Significantly least deadheart (1.36 to 15.95%) was observed with thiamethoxam+ cyantraniliprole followed by thiamethoxam 30FS (1.61 to 21.76%). Soil application of carbofuran resulted in less efficacy (2.96 to 38.21%). The mean yield obtained was 29.13 q/ha in protected plots as against 16.20 q/ha in unprotected plots. Mean deadheart incidence was 11.59% in protected plots and 58.23% in unprotected plots. The avoidable loss in term of deadheart was recorded to be 80.10%.

Population Dynamics of Shoot Fly <i>Atherigona soccata</i>

Population dynamics of shoot fly Atherigona soccata Rondani was carried out at the Sorghum Research field, College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh during kharif, 2019-20. The incidence was assessed in terms of egg, deadheart, adult flies’ activity. The results revealed that the peak incidence was observed during 29th and 30th standard meteorological week (SMW). The fish meal trap correlation studies showed that shoot fly eggs, showed a positive and significant correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.73). Every unit increase in maximum temperature, results in increase of 0.81 eggs/ 5 plants, while deadheart (r = 0.68) and adult flies (r = 0.79) showed positive significant correlation with minimum temperature. The regression analysis revealed that for deadheart and adult flies, with every unit increase in minimum temperature there was a increase of 16.30% deadhearts and 7.79 adults.

Management of shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Rondani) with different seed dressing chemicals

Management of shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Rondani) with different seed dressing chemicals

Influence of types of sterile cytoplasm on the resistance to sorghum shoot fly (Atherigona soccata)

With 2 figures and 3 tables Shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Rondani) is one of the most important insect pests affecting sorghum during early stages of crop growth. Commercial production of hybrid seed in sorghums relies on a single source of male sterility (A1) resulting in restricted nuclear genetic diversity of male-sterile (A) as well as restorer (R) lines. Alternative cytoplasms should be exploited to avoid insect pest outbreaks that might be related to the use of single source of cytoplasm. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the non-milo cytoplasms that are less susceptible to shoot fly. Four isogenic lines in four male-sterile backgrounds, viz. A1, A2, A3 and A4, and their corresponding maintainer (B lines) lines were studied using a fishmeal technique across rainy and postrainy seasons of 2006–07. The A4 cytoplasm was found to be least susceptible to shoot fly as it was comparatively less preferred for oviposition and had lower deadheart formation across seasons than the other cytoplasms tested and thus can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant hybrids.

Multiple-resistance to sorghum shoot fly, spotted stemborer and sugarcane aphid in sorghum

Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops in the semi-arid tropics. Several insect pests damage it. The possibility of identifying genotypes with multiple resistance to these pests and transferring the relevant genes into high-yielding varieties and hybrids has been considered as an attractive approach to reducing yield losses. A set of 12 cytoplasmic male-sterile and maintainer lines, 12 restorer lines and their F1 hybrids were evaluated for resistance to sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata Rondani, spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) under field conditions. There were significant differences among the genotypes tested. A total of 50% of male-sterile lines, 41.7% maintainers, 58.3% restorers and 35.4% of the hybrids tested showed moderate to high level of resistance to the three pests. The male-sterile and restorer lines showing resistance to different insects can be exploited for developing hybrids with multiple insect resistance for cultivation by the resource-poor farmers in the semi-arid tropics.

Insects Pests of Maiz and Their Losses

The insect pests of maize and their losses were studied in KARINA Juglote, Northern Areas. Maize stem borer Chilo Partellus was found serious pest with 24.5% plant infestation followed by maize aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis with 15% plant infestation at tasseling stage. Shootfly Atherigona soccata attack at the early stage with 5% plant infestation. At the same time, Maize Jassid Zygenia sp was also recorded with population 5 jassids/3 sweep net. About 1112 Kg ha-1 grain losses has been calculated due to these insect pests.

Incidence and distribution of the sorghum head bug, Eurystylus oldi Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae) and other panicle pests of sorghum in West and Central Africa

L'incidence et la distribution de la punaise du sorgho, Eurystylus oldi Poppius (Heteroptera Miridae), et des autres ravageurs du panicule du sorgho ont ete evaluees de 1985 a 1994 en stations de recherches et en parcelles paysannes, en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale (AOC). Labondance maximale du miride a ete observee pendant le stade pâteux. L'abondance du miride etait plus importante sur les cultivars ameliores que sur les sorghos guineens locaux a longues glumes, aussi bien en stations de recherches qu'en parcelles paysannes. Les degâts sur graines etaient moderes a severes bien que les fermiers ignoraient la plupart du temps ces insectes et leurs degâts potentiels car ils restent caches dans les panicules. Les degâts provoques par le. moucheron du Sorgho (Stenodiplosis sorghicola Coq.) etaient tres importants dans les parcelles paysannes au Burkina Faso, au Niger et au Nigeria. La mouche du sorgho Atherigona soccata Rond., le foreur des tiges Busseola fusca Fuller, les criquets, le cercopide Locris rubens Erichson, Campylomma spp., Creontiades pallidus Ramb., les chenilles de la noctuelle Helicoverpa armigera Hub., Pyroderces simplex Wlsm. et Eublemma gayneri Roths etaient egalement des ravageurs responsables de degâts sur sorgho dans la zone prospectee. On suggere que les futures investigations pour l'amelioration de la culture du Sorgho en OAC pourraient porter sur le developpement de cultivars resistants au miride du Sorgho. (Resume d'auteur)

The dynamics of leaf surface wetness of sorghum seedlings in relation to resistance to the shoot fly, Atherigona soccata

AbstractIn quantitative measurements of leaf surface wetness (LSW) of the central whorl leaf of sorghum seedlings in August (rainy season) and November (post‐rainy season), the highest amount (6.29 mg of water) was recorded in August in the shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Diptera: Muscidae), susceptible sorghum genotype CSH 1, while the lowest (0.07 mg) was recorded in November in the resistant genotype IS 18551. Studies on diurnal fluctuation revealed that LSW was lowest at sunset, was highest between 02.00 and 04.00 h (closely corresponding with hatching of shoot fly eggs) and dropped before sunrise. This fluctuation was associated with the evaporation of water from the plant during the night. More LSW accumulation occurred during the main crop season (June‐October) than in the post‐rainy season (November‐April). Annual fluctuation of LSW followed trends similar to the population dynamics of shoot fly and crop infestation and were correlated with rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. Measurements of leaf temperature and the vapour pressure gradient between the leaf and the air indicated that leaf surface water originates from the plant. This was further supported by the different amounts of LSW on susceptible and resistant cultivars with similar microclimatic conditions.

The role of host-plant resistance in pest management in sorghum in india

The paper stresses the fact that an integrated pest management system is not a new concept leading to a more stable agroecosystem, but was practiced by the farmers for centuries; host-plant resistance is one of its major components. The system was destabilized by the introduction of new sorghum varieties and hybrids not resistant against the major sorghum insect pests like shootfly Atherigona soccata (Rondani); stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe); midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet); and headbugs, Calocoris angustatus (Lethiery). In order to balance the agroecosystem again, an integrated insect pest management system for sorghum has to be developed based on traditional pest management practices. These are host-plant resistance, cultural control and biological control. Insecticides should be used only if absolutely necessary. For a better understanding of such a control approach, a summary of the biology and population dynamics of the major insects is given, together with a brief account on the levels and mechanisms of host-plant resistance so far known. Based on this information, the rainfall pattern, plant duration to maturity, time of planting, natural enemies and insecticides, a sorghum based integrated pest management system is proposed for the monsoon and post-monsoon season in which host-plant resistance alone or in combination with the above mentioned control methods could be used.

Influence of temperature and host plant condition on preimaginal development and survival in the sorghum shootfly Atherigona soccata

Temperature-time and temperature-velocity equations are given for egg, larval and pupal stages of Atherigona soccata Rond., based on stduies in Kanya. Preimaginal development (from egg deposition to adult emergence) on sorghum CSH-1 seedlings lasted 19.5, 26.3, 33.8 and 76.8 days at 30, 25, 20 and 15°C, respectively. A. soccata showed optimal development and survival at 30°C. The lower threshold temperatures were 13.8, 10.2 and 11.8°C for the egg, larva and pupa, respectively. The condition of the food-plant affected larval development and survival; pupal weight was higher and larval mortality lower in insects reared on fertilised and normally watered seedlings than on unfertilised and water-stressed seedlings

Deterrence of repeated oviposition in sorghum shootflyAtherigona soccata

The sorghum shootfly,Atherigona soccata, under low population density conditions lays one egg per sorghum plant. Possible regulatory mechanisms of this oviposition behavior are reported. The presence of an egg thoroughly washed and reattached to a leaf does not deter further oviposition, indicating the absence of visual cues. When washings from eggs were sprayed on sorghum plants, or when plants from which eggs had been removed were presented to a gravid female, significant deterrence was observed. Apparently a deterrent pheromone is associated with the water-soluble glue with which the females attach their eggs to the leaves. Some deterrent effect persists for at least 7 days.