Shirvan City Research Articles

The Effect of Citizen Participation on Promoting Social Health in Urban Areas (Case example: Shirvan city)

The Effect of Citizen Participation on Promoting Social Health in Urban Areas (Case example: Shirvan city)

Health Disparities in Developmental Status of One-year-old Neonates With Low and Normal Birth Weight: A Comparative Study

Background and Purpose: Low birth weight (LBW) neonates usually experience delays in developing gross and fine motor skills. Studies in Iran reveal a prevalence of growth retardation ranging from 7% to 26.3% among Iranian children. Recognizing the significance of complications associated with LBW, this study aims to scrutinize the developmental status of LBW infants at one year of age and juxtapose it with that of normal birth weight (NBW) neonates. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 105 one-year-old children in Shirvan City, Iran. Participants were selected through a census, and their information was extracted from the SIB system (the integrated health record system). Data collection utilized the 12-month version of the ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ) and a demographic questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression, were performed using SPSS software, version 26. Results: The ASQ questionnaire revealed that the dimensions of problem-solving and individual-social skills had the lowest and highest mean scores, respectively. A comparison of developmental domains between the two groups did not yield any significant differences. However, when considering gender, a noteworthy relationship emerged in both groups, particularly in communication and gross motor skills, as well as individual-social development and problem-solving. Conclusion: Noteworthy disparities were identified between LBW and NBW infants at birth, encompassing factors such as breastfeeding and maternal educational levels. Consequently, public health policies should prioritize initiatives to enhance mothers’ and infants’ health and nutritional well-being before and during pregnancy and early childhood.

Assessing the situation of cities from the perspective of urban crisis management components (Case study: Shirvan city)

Assessing the situation of cities from the perspective of urban crisis management components (Case study: Shirvan city)

Assessing the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquakes

Assessing the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquakes

Reviews and locate the access of citizens in Shirvan city To medical treatment

Reviews and locate the access of citizens in Shirvan city To medical treatment

The effect of life skills training on anger control and mental health of the second high school girls of Shirvan city

The effect of life skills training on anger control and mental health of the second high school girls of Shirvan city

Inferring phenotypic causal structures among body weight traits via structural equation modeling in Kurdi sheep

Data collected on 2550 Kurdi lambs originated from 1505 dams and 149 sires during 1991 to 2015 in Hossein Abad Kurdi Sheep Breeding Station, located in Shirvan city, North Khorasan province, North-eastern area of Iran, were used for inferring causal relationship among the body weights at birth (BW), at weaning (WW), at six-month age (6MW), at nine-month age (9MW) and yearling age (YW). The inductive causation (IC) algorithm was employed to search for causal structure among these traits. This algorithm was applied to the posterior distribution of the residual (co)variance matrix of a standard multivariate model (SMM). The causal structure detected by the IC algorithm coupling with biological prior knowledge provides a temporal recursive causal network among the studied traits. The studied traits were analyzed under three multivariate models including SMM, fully recursive multivariate model (FRM) and IC-based multivariate model (ICM) via a Bayesian approach by 100,000 iterations, thinning interval of 10 and the first 10,000 iterations as burn-in. The three considered multivariate models (SMM, FRM and ICM) were compared using deviance information criterion (DIC) and predictive ability measures including mean square of error (MSE) and Pearson's correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted values (r(y, )) of records. In general, structural equation based models (FRM and ICM) performed better than SMM in terms of lower DIC and MSE and also higher r(y, ). Among the tested models ICM had the lowest (36678.551) and SMM had the highest (36744.107)DIC values. In each case of the traits studied, the lowest MSE and the highest r(y, ) were obtained under ICM. The causal effects of BW on WW, WW on 6MW, 6MW on 9MW and 9MW on YW were statistically significant values of 1.478, 0.737, 0.776 and 0.929 kg, respectively (99% highest posterior density intervals did not include zero).

Prevalence of Hemoglobin Anemia among Pregnant Women in the Northeast of Iran

Introduction: Anemia is one of the major public health problems among pregnant women in the world. It causes low birth weight and maternal mortality during pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pregnant women in Shirvan city, Iran in 2015. For sampling, each of the three centers in this city were considered as a single cluster and the number of required participants from each center was selected proportional to the number of pregnant women covered by each center using systematic approach. Data collected from health records of families using a checklist were analyzed by descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests including chi- square, Fisher's exact, and McNemar's test. Results: The age mean ± SD of the pregnant women was 29.9 ± 5.3 with a range of 16-40 years. Most of pregnant women were in the age group of 18-35 (84.5%) years, had high school education (65.8%), and were housewives (87.8%). The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the first and third trimester were 4.75% (CI95%: 2.66%-6.84%) and 16% (CI95%: 12.40%- 19.60%), respectively. Prevalence of anemia increased in the third trimester (p<0.01). Conclusion: Shirvan is one of the areas with a mild prevalence of anemia. However, iron deficiency anemia, as a nutritional disorder can be prevented. Therefore, community-based interventions should be implemented considering the identified associated factors.

Modeling the growth curve in Kordi sheep: The comparison of non-linear models and estimation of genetic parameters for the growth curve traits

In the present study, 43,441 body weight-age records (21,361 records on male lambs and 22,060 records on female lambs) on 6899 lambs descended from 235 sires and 2842 dams that collected from 1991 to 2015 in Kordi sheep breeding station, located in Shirvan city, North Khorasan province, North-eastern area of Iran, were used. Five non-linear models including Brody, Negative exponential, von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz were fitted on body weight-age data and compared applying Akaike's information criterion (AIC), mean square error (MSE) and adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adg) for determining the most appropriate model describing the growth curve for all, male and female Kordi lambs. The Brody model showed the lowest AIC and MSE and the highest R2adg among the tested models for all, male and female Kordi lambs. Therefore, Brody model was selected as the best one for describing growth curve in Kordi sheep. The estimated values for parameters of growth curve under Brody model including parameters A (estimated mature weight), B (an integration constant related to initial animal weight) and K (maturation rate) were 43.372, 0.905 and 0.007, respectively. Parameters of A, B and K were estimated as 48.630, 0.911 and 0.006, respectively for male lambs and 38.444, 0.898 and 0.008 for female lambs, respectively. A nultivariate animal model was considered for genetic analysis of the growth curve parameters via Gibbs sampling under a Bayesian approach with 100,000 iterations, considering the first 20,000 samples as the burn-in period and a thinning interval of 10 samples. Posterior means for heritability estimates of the studied growth curve parameters of Kordi sheep were 0.08, 0.14 and 0.04 for parameters A, B and K, respectively; showed low level of genetic variation for the parameters of growth curve in Kordi sheep. Posterior means for the estimates of genetic correlations among the studied growth curve traits were 0.48 (A-B), -0.22 (A-K) and -0.28 (B-K). The Brody model can be considered for predicting live weight of Kordi lambs at later ages from early body weight data and can help planning farm management practices such as feeding and drug administration (since these practices are commonly focused on live body weight) and also decision making regarding the selecting of highly productive animals by monitoring their growth curve.

Morbidity dynamics of type 1 diabetes mellitus in different administrative territorial units of Azerbaijan Republic in 2012-2016

Aim. To assess the dynamics of population’s morbidity of type 1 diabetes in different autonomous territorial units of Azerbaijan Republic.
 Methods. The unit of observation was a case of type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed during the calendar year. For each administrative territorial unit of Azerbaijan Republic based on the data about quantity of patients with type 1 diabetes and population, morbidity rate per 100 000 of average annual population and average error for calendar years were calculated.
 Results. At the beginning of observation (2012) morbidity rate of type 1 diabetes among Azerbaijan population was 54.5±0.76 per 100 000. In different administrative territorial units this indicator ranged between 2.0±1.41 and 294.8±12.0 per 100 000. Relatively low rate of type 1 diabetes was identified in Mingachevir town (2.0±1.41), Masalli (6.1±1.7), Jalilabad (5.8±1.68), Imishli (5.7±2.17), Sheki (4.5±2.17), Gusar (2.2±1.52) regions and Absheron (5.0±1.57 per 100 000). The highest morbidity rate in 2012 was observed in Shamkir (294.8±12.0), Khachmaz (278.7±12.82) and Sabirabad (236.6±11.9 per 100 000). The main trend of difference is a linear decrease of the morbidity rate, which is well explained by linear regression equation (Y=-9.078х+61.1; R2=0.95). In Azerbaijan the average morbidity rate of type 1 diabetes in 2012-2016 was 33.2±0.58 per 100 000, there are administrative territorial units with low (60 per 100 000 in Shirvan city, Sabirabad, Shamkir, Khachmaz districts).
 Conclusion. Morbidity rate of type 1 diabetes was different in different calendar years, ratios of the highest and lowest annual morbidity rate in Azerbaijan (3.5) and in separate administrative territorial units (4.2 in Baku, 23.9 in Ganja, 90.0 in Mingechevir, etc.) are different.

Estimates of covariance functions for growth of Kordi sheep in Iran using random regression models

In the current paper, restricted maximum likelihood estimates of covariance functions for growth records from birth to 360 days of age in Kordi sheep population were estimated using random regression models (RRM). Kordi sheep is an important breed known for adaptability and resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions and suitable feed efficiency in mountainous regions of Iran. Data included 23,720 body weight records of 6730 Kordi lambs collected from 1989 to 2012 at Hossein Abad Kordi sheep Breeding Station in Shirvan city, North Khorasan province, Iran. Fixed effects in the model were lamb sex, birth type, and birth year as well as dam age. Legendre polynomials (LP) of order 3 was used for age to illustrate the average growth curve. In the random part, the functions with different orders were included to model variances associated to direct and maternal effects. Results showed that a model with LP of order 4,3,4,3 for direct additive genetic effects, animal permanent environmental effects, maternal additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects was sufficient to model changes in (co)variances with age, according to Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Direct additive genetic and animal permanent environment variances increased with age. Direct heritability (h2a) increased with age from 0.133 ± 0.021 at birth to 0.391 ± 0.034 at 360 days of age. The ratio of animal permanent environmental variances to phenotypic variance (pe2) was 0.047 ± 0.083 at birth, increased with age and reached 0.537 ± 0.034 at the end of the growth trajectory. Maternal heritability (h2m) was 0.152 ± 0.025 at birth decreased to 0.067 ± 0.016 until weaning and then fluctuated between 0.06 and 0.10. The ratio of maternal permanent environmental variances to phenotypic variance (mpe2) was 0.082 ± 0.02 at birth; however, it gradually decreased until the end of trajectory. The first eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices explained 69% and 91% of the total direct additive variance and maternal genetic variance, respectively. Direct genetic correlations ranged from low and negative to positively high, and generally decreased as the distance between tests increased. Current study has demonstrated that RRM have potential for modeling growth of Kordi sheep and a greater response to selection would be expected, if selection focuses on body weights from 30 days of age to 120 days of age.

The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the life expectancy in patients with multiple sclerosis

Context: MS is a chronic and debilitating disease, in which the immune reactions damage myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. Psychological consequences of MS and the treatment have been the subject of many research activities Aims: The present study examines the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) based on the life expectancy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Setting and Design: This study was a randomized clinical trial and conducted from September 2016 to May 2017 in the MS patients of North Khorasan Province and Shirvan city in 2016. Methods and Material: This is an applied and quasi experimental research with pretest, posttest, and control group. Using the available sampling method, 30 samples were selected by random assignment and included in experimental and control groups (15 people per group). The instrument used in this study was Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire. The experimental group received eight sessions of therapeutic intervention. Statistical Analysis Used: We used mean and standard deviation, regression line, analyze covariance to analysis of data. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that ACT significantly improves life expectancy in patients with MS. Conclusions: According to the results, it is expected that ACT maintains its effects in the long run with features such as encouraging people to live in the present moment, mindfulness, commitment to the pursuit of worthwhile goals, and an emphasis on process rather than the outcome.

The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the fear of death in patients with multiple sclerosis

Context: Considering the psychological component of multiple sclerosis (MS) in intervention could play a key role in patient compliance with their physical condition. Aims: This study examines the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) based on the fear of death in patients with MS. Setting and Design: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and control group. Material and Methods: The study population included 57 patients with MS who were members of MS association in North Khorasan Province, Shirvan city in 2016. Using the available sampling method, 30 samples were selected by random assignment and included in experimental and control groups (15 per group). The instrument used in this study was Templer fear of death questionnaire. The experimental group received eight sessions of therapeutic intervention. Statistical Analysis Used: Analytical and statistical analyzes are done by SPSS21.due to the nature of the plan and the two groups (control and test), the statistical method of analysis of covariance, and the effect size were used. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment has a significant effect on the fear of death in patients with MS (P Conclusions: According to the results, it is expected that ACT maintains its effects in the long run with features such as: Encouraging people to live in the present moment, mindfulness, commitment to the pursuit of worthwhile goals, and an emphasis on process rather than the outcome.

The effect of Transtheoretical Model on the healthy eating behavior in schools students of Shirvan city

The effect of Transtheoretical Model on the healthy eating behavior in schools students of Shirvan city

New species and record of the genus Petalomium (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Neopygmephoridae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea) from Iran

The mite Petalomium camponoti Hajiqanbar & Khaustov sp. n. (Acari: Prostigmata: Neopygmephoridae) is described based on females recovered from ants Camponotus buddhae Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) which were collected from a nest located on heights near Shirvan city, northeastern Iran. We also found Petalomium gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977 associated with Camponotus aethiops Latreille from the same locality. These findings present the first record of the genus Petalomium Cross from Iran. A key to species of the genus Petalomium associated with ant genus Camponotus Mayr is presented and host range of the Petalomium is discussed.

Economic evaluation and applications of the policy analysis matrix of sole and intercropping of leguminous and cereals in Shirvan city, Iran

Economic evaluation and applications of the policy analysis matrix of sole and intercropping of leguminous and cereals in Shirvan city, Iran

Economic evaluation and Applications of the Policy Analysis Matrix of sole and intercropping of leguminous and cereals Case study: Shirvan city-Iran

In this study, data collected from North Khorasan Jihad Agriculture and Almanac foreign trade statistics for 2008 to 2009 were used to assess economic and relative advantages of sole and intercropping of millet and bean in Shirvan city by using benefit indicators. By using benefit to costs index, internal rate of return, net present value and policy analysis matrix were calculated. The results show that intercropping was affordable than sole cropping. Sole cropping of these crops had no relative advantage, while mixed cropping had a relative advantage than sole cropping. Nominal protection coefficient index about sole cropping of bean and intercropping showed that indirect tax has been imposed on producers. The nominal protection coefficient of the input in all types of indirect subsidies for cultivation proved to be opened by the trade. Coefficient of effective support net about sole cropping of beans and intercropping was less than the unit and total input and product markets in these cropping systems were not supported. Finally, the social net profit in beans and millet sole cropping was negative; while intercropping was positive, indicating that intercropping has a social net profitability. Overall results show that sole cropping of millet and bean in current situations of Shirvan city has no relative advantage, but intercropping system can increase the economic benefits and relative advantage.

Gene cloning and characterization of NADH oxidase from Thermococcus kodakarensis

In this study, data collected from North Khorasan Jihad Agriculture and Almanac foreign trade statistics for 2008 to 2009 were used to assess economic and relative advantages of sole and intercropping of millet and bean in Shirvan city by using benefit indicators. By using benefit to costs index, internal rate of return, net present value and policy analysis matrix were calculated. The results show that intercropping was affordable than sole cropping. Sole cropping of these crops had no relative advantage, while mixed cropping had a relative advantage than sole cropping. Nominal protection coefficient index about sole cropping of bean and intercropping showed that indirect tax has been imposed on producers. The nominal protection coefficient of the input in all types of indirect subsidies for cultivation proved to be opened by the trade. Coefficient of effective support net about sole cropping of beans and intercropping was less than the unit and total input and product markets in these cropping systems were not supported. Finally, the social net profit in beans and millet sole cropping was negative; while intercropping was positive, indicating that intercropping has a social net profitability. Overall results show that sole cropping of millet and bean in current situations of Shirvan city has no relative advantage, but intercropping system can increase the economic benefits and relative advantage.

Proposed model for efficient water management at Razmgan irrigation project, a semi-arid region in Khorasan, Iran

Yield decrease caused by crop water deficit, especially in low scale farms and established orchards at semi-arid regions, results in a significant decrease in agricultural productivity. In this study an optimal water release of the reservoir based on prioritization in water allocation to the crop sensitive growth periods was linked to a non-linear optimization model in order to enhance the net income in a given cropping pattern. The proposed model by optimal water allocation for each growth stage of the crop reduced the impact of the imposed water stress in the dry season and increased the net income. The LINGO software has been used to evolve the optimal amounts of both water and land for the existing crops. The proposed model was applied for Razmgan area a semi-arid region which is located 10 km south of the Shirvan city, northern Khorasan province, Iran. Various scenarios of the water release from the existing auxiliary reservoir, to remove/reduce the imposed water-stress during the crop growth stages have been explored. Results show in the optimal case, whole of the existing water deficit is removed in months of July, August, September, October and November, only 13% of the deficit remains in month of May and in month of June the amount of deficit decreases to 42.16%. Also the proposed model is efficient and annual net income will increase to 26.21%, moreover, the total water consumption will decrease to 10.71% than the current status. Key words: Water deficit, agriculture income, sensitive growth stages, cropping pattern, optimal water release.

Reservoir sedimentation associated with landsliding, Atrak watershed, Iran

The Barezoo dam on the Gholjogh River, a branch of the Atrak River with a catchment area of 491.7 km 2 , is located about 18 km north of Shirvan city in NE Iran. Landslides are an important natural hazard in the Atrak watershed and cause serious problems for the maintenance of the Barezoo reservoir. Landslide occurrence is controlled by lithology, slope of the terrain, and natural and human actions that may either add to the operating gravitational stresses or reduce the resistance to sliding of the soils forming the slope. The interaction between local geology and climatic conditions in this area has resulted in landforms with varying degrees of susceptibility to landsliding. Dammed watersheds in NE Iran experience numerous landslide and sedimentation problems. A quantitative approach based on a numerical rating scheme called the landslide hazard evaluation factor rating scheme was used to evaluate and describe landslides and their resultingsedimentation in the Gholjogh watershed.