Shirt Pocket Research Articles

Pocketable and Smart Electrohydrodynamic Pump for Clothes.

Seamlessly fusing fashion and functionality can redefine wearable technology and enhance the quality of life. We propose a pocketable and smart electrohydrodynamic pump (PSEP) with self-sensing capability for wearable thermal controls. Overcoming the constraints of traditional liquid-cooled wearables, PSEP with dimensions of 10 × 2 × 1.05 cm and a weight of 10 g is sufficiently compact to fit into a shirt pocket, providing stylish and unobtrusive thermal control. Silent operation coupled with the unique self-sensing ability to monitor the flow rate ensures system reliability without cumbersome additional components. The significant contribution of our study is the formulation and validation of a theoretical model for self-sensing in EHD pumps, thereby introducing an innovative functionality to EHD pump technology. PSEP can deliver temperature changes of up to 3 °C, considerably improving personal comfort. Additionally, the PSEP system features an intuitive, smartphone-compatible interface for seamless wireless control and monitoring, enhancing user interaction and convenience. Furthermore, the ability to detect and notify users of flow blockages, achieved by self-sensing, ensures an efficient and long-term operation. Through its blend of compact design, intelligent functionality, and stylish integration into daily wear, PSEP reshapes the landscape of wearable thermal control technology and offers a promising avenue for enhancing personal comfort in daily life.

Effect of mobile phone usage on semen analysis in infertile men

There has been scientific interest in the possible effects of continuous or pulsed exposure to microwave radiation as emitted by mobile phones. The use of mobile phones adversely affects the quality of semen. To determine the effect of mobile phone use on parameters of semen analysis in infertile men. Cross-Sectional study. Fertility, Infertility and IVF centre in Al – Batool Mosul Teaching Hospital for the period from 2009-2010. This study was conducted on 300 patients complaining of infertility after 2003, their mean age (29.87 ± 6.4) years. They were classified according to their active mobile phone use into group 1: 4 h / day; group 2: 3 h / day; group 3: 2 h / day; group 4: no use. Also they were classified according to the duration of use in years into group A: from 1 – 3 years; group B: from 4 – 6 years. Classification according to position of mobile phone in relation to the body into Group C: Trouser pocket; group D: waist pouch; group E: shirt pocket was done. Semen analysis was carried out for all subjects in addition; serum testosterone measurement was done for 100 subjects. The laboratory values of semen parameters significantly differ in all user groups as compared to non user groups. The longer the duration of daily exposure to cell phones, the greater decrease in semen parameters (sperm count, motility and normal morphology). The lower sperm count, motility and normal morphology were in the group B of mobile phone users who used cell phones for 4-6 years duration as compared to group A who used it for 1-3 years. There was no significant difference in mean serum testosterone e level in different mobile user groups. Keeping cell phones in the trouser pocket has been found to decrease sperm count, motility, and normal morphology as compared to men keeping phones in the waist pouch and shirt pocket. The present study conclude that the use of mobile phone decreases the semen quality in study subjects by decreasing count, motility and normal morphology.

The Borderlands

The Borderlands

The Impact of Lifestyle on Sperm Function, Telomere Length, and IVF Outcomes.

Many risk factors can potentially influence sperm quality. Telomeres confer stability on the chromosome and their dysfunction has been implicated in conditions such as cancer, aging, and lifestyle. The impact of lifestyle on sperm cell telomeres is unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of lifestyle behaviors on telomere length in sperm and to follow the correlation with pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this prospective observational study, sperm was analyzed for telomere length (TL). Men were asked to report lifestyle behaviors including occupation (physical or sedentary), smoking duration and amount, physical activity, dietary habits, and where they keep their cellular phone (bag, pants, or shirt pocket). Correlations among semen analysis, TL, men’s habits, and embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Among 34 patients recruited, 12 had longer TL and 13 shorter TL. Sperm motility was negatively correlated with TL (Pearson correlation = −.588, p = .002). Smoking adversely affected native sperm motility (53% motility in nonsmokers vs. 37% in smokers; p = .006). However, there was no significant impact on TL. The group with longer telomeres demonstrated significant association with healthy diet (10/12 vs. 6/13; p = .05) and a trend toward more sports activity, weekly (16/84 vs. 7/91; p = .04) compared with the shorter telomeres group. This study suggests that lifestyle, healthy diet, and sports activity are associated with long telomeres in sperm. Sperm quality is also influenced by patients’ habits. The study strongly recommends maintaining a healthy lifestyle to preserve general health and fertility.

Smartphone-Based Body Location-Independent Functional Mobility Analysis in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Step towards Precise Medicine.

Ecological evaluation of gait using mobile technologies provides crucial information regarding the evolution of symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the reliability and validity of such information may be influenced by the smartphone’s location on the body. This study analyzed how the smartphone location affects the assessment of PD patients’ gait in a free-living environment. Twenty PD patients (mean ± SD age, 64.3 ± 10.6 years; 9 women (45%) performed 3 trials of a 250 m outdoor walk using smartphones in 5 different body locations (pants pocket, belt, hand, shirt pocket, and a shoulder bag). A method to derive gait-related metrics from smartphone sensors is presented, and its reliability is evaluated between different trials as well as its concurrent validity against optoelectronic and smartphone criteria. Excellent relative reliability was found with all intraclass correlation coefficient values above or equal to 0.85. High absolute reliability was observed in 21 out of 30 comparisons. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a high level of agreement (LoA between 4.4 and 17.5%), supporting the use of the presented method. This study advances the use of mobile technology to accurately and reliably quantify gait-related metrics from PD patients in free-living walking regardless of the smartphone’s location on the body.

FFT Spectrum Spread With Machine Learning (ML) Analysis of Triaxial Acceleration From Shirt Pocket and Torso for Sensing Coughs While Walking

FFT Spectrum Spread With Machine Learning (ML) Analysis of Triaxial Acceleration From Shirt Pocket and Torso for Sensing Coughs While Walking

Spectral Summation With Machine Learning Analysis of Tri-Axial Acceleration From Multiple Wearable Points on Human Body for Better Cough Detection

In this letter, coughing is detected using a multiband spectral summation of acceleration signal with machine learning (ML) from various body points where smartphones are commonly worn. A known challenge in this letter is discerning low and mid intensity cough events from noise introduced by walking from the chest, stomach, shirt pocket, upper hand, and ear where smartphones are commonly worn from among seven test subjects of varying heights. Previous studies have shown that coughing during walking can be accurately detected with only 92, 73, 62, and 82% accuracy at the chest, stomach, shirt pocket, and upper hand, respectively, just from raw acceleration signals in the time domain and ML. Newer spectrum analysis show that acceleration measured at these body points along the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> -axis are more spectrally rich during low to medium coughing and walking activity than just walking alone in seven test subjects of varying heights. In this letter, we investigate the use multiband spectral summation features of acceleration measured at these same body points on the torso with ML to improve the accuracy of low/mid intensity cough detection to between 95.2 and 98.2%. At just the chest and upper hand, the spectral sum of acceleration in the 0–5 Hz band shows a 46–142% and 58–136% increase during coughing and walking than just walking alone for different cough intensities and subject heights. This letter is useful in developing future cough-detecting apps on smartphones commonly worn on the torso.

The "Shirt Pocket" Technique-An Alternative for Augmentation-Mastopexy.

Augmentation-mastopexy is a frequent procedure with high rates of early recurrence of breast ptosis, mainly after subglandular approach. The dual-plane techniques, based on the cranial dissection of the pectoralis, is the most used, but this plane does not cover the inferior pole of the breast. Then, the possibility of a downward dissection of the muscle seems to be more reasonable to retain the implant and improve postoperative results. This study aimed to review the anatomy of the pectoralis in cadavers and the use of its downward dissection to create a pocket for breast implant as a “shirt pocket.” This maneuver was associated with a superior-based dermoglandular flap to overprotect the inferior pole. No complications were related in the postoperative period. The anatomic review showed that the “shirt pocket” is a safe option if done carefully. The technique demonstrated to be feasible and seemed to be effective, being another alternative to prevent early recurrence of breast ptosis in these procedures.

Harmonicas.

It is easy for me to imagine life without harmonicas, but for my parents' generation, harmonicas were as common as rain. They were small and easy to fit in a shirt pocket or kit bag, and, whenever an idle moment presented itself, out came the harmonica to render a slightly reedy version of a well-known song: songs like "Red River Valley," "You Are My Sunshine," or "Tennessee Waltz." They were not far from the lips of anyone who played a harmonica.

Triggered Recurrence Factors of Mental Illness Patients in an Emergency Unit in a Psychiatric Hospital

Introduction: Understanding the trigger recurrence factors of mental illness patients is important because the number of mental hospital visits has been increasing every year, especially in mental illness patients who have experienced recurrence. This research aimed to identify and describe some of the types of trigger that result in recurrent readmission to the emergency unit of a psychiatric hospital.Methods: The study was designed using a quantitative method with a univariate and bivariate analysis approach using a cross-sectional design. The researcher conducted the study in the Emergency ward of Surakarta mental hospital for 2 months and obtained 71 total samples on patient readmission where there was a recurrent mental illness. The samples were taken using the accidental sampling technique. The data was taken using a questionnaire and analyzed using narrative description and central tendencies.Results: The results showed that the highest trigger recurrence factors were 58% related to patient compliance when taking medication. The results showed that there are various triggers for the recurrence of mental illness.Conclusion: These were evidenced by the family members who stated that they found the medication around the house or in the patient’s shirt pocket. The other trigger recurrence factors which were categorized as less influential were family support and the environment of society, which were 4%.

SAS4P: Providing automatic smoking detection for a persuasive smoking cessation application

Smoking is the biggest avoidable health risk, causing millions of deaths per year worldwide. Persuasive applications are those designed to change a person’s behavior, usually in a specific way. Several mobile phone applications and messaging systems have been used to promote smoking cessation. However, most interventions use participants’ self-reports to track cigarette consumption and avoidance, which may not be accurate or objective. Previous proposals have used sensors to track hand movements and other contextual data to detect smoking or have used devices to detect smoke or breath carbon monoxide. This article proposes a low-cost wearable device that may be worn in a front shirt pocket or clipped to clothing to detect smoke and secondhand smoke. Furthermore, the device is integrated into a persuasive application to promote smoking cessation. The device was evaluated through an experiment to detect whether it may detect direct, passive, and no smoking conditions. The results are promising and may help improve tracking of cigarettes in persuasive applications.

Klasifikasi percepatan dari sinyal gempa bumi dan sinyal linier aktivitas manusia menggunakan akselerometer smartphone berbasis algoritme support vector machine

The threat of earthquake calamity spread throughout most of the Indonesian archipelago. Smartphone’s accelerometer usage as a seismic parameter detector in Indonesia, of which the noise has obstacles, mainly due to human activities. This study aims to classify linear acceleration signals caused by human activity and earthquake acceleration signals as an initial effort to reduce noise caused by human activity in the smartphone’s accelerometer signals. Both signals are classified by using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm of which consists of several steps, respectively, data collection, data preprocessing, data segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. These algorithms are tested to 2545 human activity signals in trouser pocket, 2430 human activity signals in shirt pocket and earthquake acceleration signals. Based on the test results by using the confusion matrix, linear acceleration signal data caused by human activity and earthquake acceleration signals can be classified properly using an SVM algorithm with Polynomial or Gaussian kernel with a small kernel scale value. The algorithms can achieve an accuracy of 87.74% to 97.94%.

Designing wearable computing devices for improved comfort and user acceptance

This study identified acceptable range of physical attributes (form factors, weight, volume and contact area) of wearable computing devices (WCD) on different body areas in relation to human factors, through human performance tests with 41participants. Findings of this study discovered that there is a different level of threshold to discomfort on each part of the body; forearm has the smallest estimated mean of acceptable maximum weight of WCD followed by shirt pocket and collar area. On the other hand, front waist and back waist, when placed on one side, showed significantly higher estimated means of acceptable maximum weight of WCD than any other areas. Similar data trend was found in acceptable maximum volume and contact area of WCD. Body movement and posture influence the users’ comfort, as the weight of WCD can cause unhealthy posture over time, and increased energy expenditure, which may cause orthopaedic problems and discomfort. Practitioner summary: This study discovered that in carrying wearable computing devices (WCD), there is a different level of threshold to discomfort on each part of the body, as evidenced by significantly different acceptable maximum weight, volume and contact area of WCD on different body part. Abbreviations: WCD: wearable computing devices.

An Ensemble of Condition Based Classifiers for Device Independent Detailed Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphones †

Human activity recognition is increasingly used for medical, surveillance and entertainment applications. For better monitoring, these applications require identification of detailed activity like sitting on chair/floor, brisk/slow walking, running, etc. This paper proposes a ubiquitous solution to detailed activity recognition through the use of smartphone sensors. Use of smartphones for activity recognition poses challenges such as device independence and various usage behavior in terms of where the smartphone is kept. Only a few works address one or more of these challenges. Consequently, in this paper, we present a detailed activity recognition framework for identifying both static and dynamic activities addressing the above-mentioned challenges. The framework supports cases where (i) dataset contains data from accelerometer; and the (ii) dataset contains data from both accelerometer and gyroscope sensor of smartphones. The framework forms an ensemble of the condition based classifiers to address the variance due to different hardware configuration and usage behavior in terms of where the smartphone is kept (right pants pocket, shirt pockets or right hand). The framework is implemented and tested on real data set collected from 10 users with five different device configurations. It is observed that, with our proposed approach, 94% recognition accuracy can be achieved.

Indian Boarding Schools, Before and After: A Personal Introduction

11 J O U R N A L O F A M E R I C A N I N D I A N E D U C A T I O N — 5 7 , I S S U E 1 Indian Boarding Schools, Before and After: A Personal Introduction K. Tsianina Lomawaima, Editor, Special Issue “ Squirrels,” my dad declared, “love hard candy.” Ha! Indians! What acute observers of nature! Every spring at Chilocco Indian Agricultural School in the 1920s and 1930s, my dad and other boys would climb tall trees, into the big shaggy nests of leaves, and capture squirrel babies to raise. Oklahoma squirrels sport a semi-­ rare black color phase and my dad, Curt, and his friend Charlie were among the squirrel-­ raising elite at Chilocco. They knew where the black squirrel nests were, and they always had black squirrel pets. That made them special. You’re special! An Indian child growing up in a federal Indian boarding school rarely, if ever, heard that message. The institutions were designed, after all, to communicate to Indian children how not special they were, every hour of every day. My dad named the candy: all-­ day suckers—­ hard and shiny as glass. The little squirrel curled up in his shirt pocket during the day and every so often poked his head out for a shard of broken-­ up all-­ day sucker. I wonder what that felt like? The warm young squirrel curled up all day in the shirt pocket over his heart? Only young squirrels. My dad said, “You couldn’t keep them. Squirrels are wild animals after all and you can’t really tame them.” The day would always come when the squirrel was ready to go. The boys always let them go, and back they went, to the catalpa grove, to the big trees along Chilocco Creek. I wonder, was that part of the appeal? To be a temporary squirrel holder, for a few weeks out of all the weeks in the long year, and see the squirrel go free? “Squirrels,” my dad told me, “love hard candy.” My dad loved candy, too, especially chocolate-­ covered cherries. I wonder, when did he first taste a chocolate-­ covered cherry? Many questions rise up when we think about Indian boarding schools and Indian children and Indian nations. Does a question about chocolate-­ covered cherries seem an odd place to start? It certainly was not the 12 J O U R N A L O F A M E R I C A N I N D I A N E D U C A T I O N — 5 7 , I S S U E 1 first question that came to my mind in 1984, when I began to interview my dad and about 60 other survivors of Chilocco. I grew up with my dad’s stories of his childhood, as many children do. As many children do, I thought our family was normal. I believed my dad was brilliant, and loving, and handsome. He was all of those things. You’ll have to take my word on the first two, but you can see for yourself how handsome he was (Figure 5). Compared to other fathers of other children I knew in the mostly White public schools my sister and I attended, however, he was not “normal.” I was in my teens before I began to realize the full character of the institution he had survived, its impacts on him as an adult, and on our family as well. I was in my twenties, at least, before the realization began to sink in that his brother Robert had not survived (Lomawaima, 2016). The question about chocolate-­ covered cherries did not occur to me until about 4:00 a.m. on September 28, 2017, after I woke bolt upright out of a dream and sat down to write about my dad, about Chilocco, and about boarding school survivors in a very different way than I have written before. Some of those results are in this personal introduction. From sometime in 1984 to fall 2017: 33 years and change. About five and a half years after my dad died in early...

A Behavioral Study of Cylindrical Object Impacted by Bullet Using FEA

Crime news has now become a popular mass media topic with offenders often using pocketknives and firearms. Pocketknives are inexpensive and easily obtained while in Thailand firearms have also become readily available. Some people are lucky and survive gunshot wounds; articles carried in their shirt pockets, especially a metal pen, may increase survival chances. Deformation behavior of a cylindrical object and a stainless steel pen impacted by a 9 mm FMJ (full metal jacket) bullet were investigated under various conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to simulate different shooting conditions. Comparison of FEA shooting test simulation results revealed that a cylindrical object and stainless steel pen behaved in a similar manner. Simulation results can be useful to support forensic science examinations. Analysis of the findings indicated that having a stainless steel pen in your shirt pocket may improve the chances of surviving a bullet wound.

Health care professionals' neckties as a source of transmission of bacteria to patients: a systematic review.

There is growing concern that neckties worn by health care professionals may contribute to infections contracted in health care settings. We evaluated the evidence for health-care-associated infections resulting from neckties and whether the evidence is sufficient to warrant a tieless policy in Canada. We performed a systematic review to determine whether neckties worn by health care professionals colonize harmful pathogenic bacteria and whether they contribute to the spread of infection to patients in the inpatient or outpatient setting. We searched PubMed (1966 to 2017) and Embase (1974 to 2017). The level of evidence was appraised according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. We evaluated the quality of evidence and the risk of bias using the Jadad scale or the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We screened 1675 citations, of which 6 were ultimately included in the systematic review. Only 1 study gave level 1b evidence (randomized controlled trial). Neckties were more likely than shirt pockets to colonize bacteria. There is limited evidence that neckties may be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and very limited evidence that contaminated neckties may transmit bacteria (in a controlled experimental setting to a mannequin). There is no evidence of increased rates of health-care-associated infections related to the wearing of neckties by health care professionals. There is weak evidence that neckties are contaminated with pathogenic (and nonpathogenic) bacteria. The level of evidence was weak and the studies were heterogeneous. Evidence to support the need for a tieless dress code policy is lacking.

Validation of smartphone step count algorithm used in STARFISH smartphone application.

Smartphone sensors are underutilised in rehabilitation. To validate the step count algorithm used in the STARFISH smartphone application. Twenty-two healthy adults (8 male, 14 female) walked on a treadmill for 5 minutes at 0.44, 0.67, 0.90 and 1.33m⋅s-1. Each wore an activPALTM and four Samsung Galaxy S3TM smartphones, with the STARFISH application running, in: 1) a belt carrycase, 2) a trouser or skirt pocket), 3a) a handbag on shoulder for females or 3b) shirt pocket for males and 4)an upper arm strap. Step counts of the STARFISH application and the activPALTM were compared at corresponding speeds and Bland-Altman statistics used to assess level of agreement (LOA). The LOA between the STARFISH application and activPALTM varied across the four speeds and positions, but improved as speed increased. The LOA ranged from 105-177% at 0.44 m⋅s-1; 50-98% at 0.67 m⋅s-1; 19-67% at 0.9 m⋅s-1 and 8-53% at 1.33 m⋅s-1. The best LOAs were at 1.33 m⋅s-1 in the shirt pocket (8%) and upper arm strap (12%) positions. Step counts measured by the STARFISH smartphone application are valid in most body positions especially at walking speeds of 0.9 m⋅s-1 and above.

Nutrient Record Keeping . . . Yep, We've Got an App for That!

Technological advances continue to shape agriculture. Many farmers are now using mobile devices to manage their businesses and farming operations "from their shirt pockets." Concurrently, new regulations in Ohio involve a record-keeping requirement. In certain areas of the state, regulations pertaining to weather data and soil conditions restrict fertilizer and manure applications. To assist farmers in meeting these requirements, a multiagency group developed the Ohio Nutrient Management Record Keeper app. This app is available for iOS, Android, and web-based platforms.

UMOISP: Usage Mode and Orientation Invariant Smartphone Pedometer

Currently available pedometer applications on smartphones use either accelerometer or gyroscope sensors to calculate the number of steps walked. The main challenge with such individual sensor based approaches is that the accuracy can be impaired due to overlap in patterns when the phone is held in different modes, namely, hand (with and without swinging) and shirt pocket or pant pocket. This paper proposes a novel approach of pedometer implementation by combining both accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. By combining these two sensors and deriving features from the raw data, the proposed system can estimate step counts more accurately in all the smartphone usage modes. The proposed pedometer is also invariant to the orientation of the smartphone in each of the usage modes. This paper also proposes a novel magnetometer-based random motion detection algorithm, which can mitigate false step counts caused by random motions during phone handling. The performance of the proposed system is tested with different users across various walking conditions, and the results show an overall step count accuracy of 98.73% across all the smartphone usage modes.