Ship In Bottle Research Articles

Preparation of IL@ZIF-8 composite as a new adsorbent for preconcentration of Cd (II) and Co (II) ions from environmental samples with vortex-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction

Ionic liquid (IL) was incorporated into a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) under mild conditions. (1)-methylimidazole and 1-bromobutane were combined to form the IL inside the pore structure of ZIF-8 using the ship-in-bottle (SIB) method. The IL@ZIF-8 composite has been thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). IL@ZIF-8 composite was used as a new adsorbent For the preconcentration and measurement of Cd (II) and Co (II) ions in a variety of sample matrices, such as soil, vegetable juice, and water. This methodology was achieved by integrating vortex-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction (VA-DSPME) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Under optimal conditions, the method demonstrated a favorable linear dynamic range within the range of 0.001–2 and 0.008–10 µg mL−1, with a lower limit of detection values of 0. 33 and 2.42 µg/L for Cd (II) and Co (II) ions, respectively. Furthermore, the method preconcentration factor was 25 for both metal ions. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of this work were found to be below 1.0 % for the concentration of 0.5 µg mL−1.

Encapsulation of ionic liquid, phosphotungstic acid inside the nanocages of MIL-101(Cr): Effective and reusable catalyst for efficient solvent-free oxidative desulfurization from fuel oil

Oxidative desulfurization from fuel oil is one of the important methods for deep desulfurization. The development of efficient oxidative desulfurization catalysts is crucial for improving the desulfurization performance. Successful encapsulation of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and ionic liquid (BMImBr) inside the mesoporous cages of MIL-101(Cr) was accomplished through a combination of “bottle around ship” and “ship in bottle” methods. The obtained BMImPW@MIL-101(Cr) composite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, XPS and ICP methods. Results indicated that the BMImPW@MIL-101(Cr) composites with PW3− loading of 23.1–50.7 wt% were obtained, demonstrating that the “bottle around ship” method is beneficial to make full use of nanocages of MIL-101(Cr) to obtain expected high loading of active PW3−. The BMImPW@MIL-101(Cr) exhibits excellent reusability with no evidence of leaching of active PW3− and BMIm+, and well-preserved structure after successive cycles of regeneration and reuse. The significantly improved stability of BMImPW@MIL-101(Cr) as compared to HPW@MIL-101(Cr) is possibly because the leaching of the active PW3−− sites can be greatly suppressed by forming large size of BMImPW owing to introduction of BMIm+ cation. The BMImPW@MIL-101(Cr) exhibited excellent catalytic activity for solvent free oxidative desulfurization of refractory sulfides. The enhanced oxidative desulfurization activity as compared to HPW@MIL-101(Cr) can be explained by the intimate contact of sulfides with active PW3− sites owing the strong attraction of BMIm+ cation with the sulfides.

Convenient hydrothermal treatment combining with “Ship in Bottle” to construct Yolk-Shell N-Carbon@Ag-void@mSiO2 for high effective Nano-Catalysts

More active sites will be exposed when noble metal particles are loaded on the core of yolk-shell nanospheres (NM-YSNS) to give higher metal utilization rate, catalytic activity, and good recycle stability. Herein, we adopt an efficient strategy to access the high-performance NM-YSNS via “ship in bottle” mindset on loading Ag nanoparticle on the core surface of core–shell structure accurately and the core shrinkage on forming yolk-shell structure. First, we systematically investigated the mechanism of SiO2 coating 3-aminophenol-co-formaldehyde nanoparticles to generate 3-aminophenol-co-formaldehyde@mesoporous SiO2 core–shell nanospheres (3-APF@mSiO2 CSNS). Interestingly, the core surface of 3-APF@mSiO2 CSNS became uneven after hydrothermal process, which provided positions for Ag, then additional Ag+ could reach the 3-APF surface through the mSiO2 shell and be in situ reduced into Ag particles by –NH- and –NH2 there. Similarly, the 3-APF@Au@mSiO2 CSNS were prepared successfully. After carbonizing 3-APF@Ag@mSiO2 CSNS, the N-Carbon@Ag-void@mSiO2 YSNS was obtained. The NM-YSNS catalyst had a high specific surface area of 258.8 m2g−1, mSiO2 shell of 3.8 nm mesoporous size, and core loaded with Ag particles firmly, showing a high turnover frequency of 137.08 h−1 and good recycle stability in catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol for preparing 4-aminophenol.

Significantly stable organic cathode for lithium-ion battery based on nanoconfined poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide)@MOF-derived microporous carbon

The organic materials are auspicious alternative to the inorganic counterparts as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their unusual capacity and sustainability. However, the widespread application of organic cathode in most of the cases have been hampered by their intrinsically easy solubility in electrolyte and natural insulating property, resulting in the poor practical capacity and low rate capacity. Herein, we demonstrate the rational ‘ship in bottle’ strategy to overcome these problems by confining the organic materials into microporous host. Poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS) was successfully polymerized inside a MOF-derived 3D microporous carbon (3D-C) to obtain PAQS@3D-C via ‘ship in bottle’ strategy. The novel organic cathode for LIBs shows a higher reversible specific capacity of 219 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and greatly improved cycle life with low capacity fading speed of ∼0.015% per cycle. Specifically, PAQS@3D-C shows a remarkable high-rate capacity of 112 mAh g−1 even at 20 C. The superior electrochemical performance is mainly ascribed to the novel structure via ‘ship in bottle’ strategy. This unveils efficient pathways for the development of new generation super-stable organic cathode materials with excellent battery performance.

"Ship in bottle" Porph@MOMs as highly efficient catalysts for selective controllable oxidation and insights into different mechanism in heterogeneous and homogeneous environment

"Ship in bottle" Porph@MOMs as highly efficient catalysts for selective controllable oxidation and insights into different mechanism in heterogeneous and homogeneous environment

Heteropoly acid-loaded ionic liquid@metal-organic frameworks: Effective and reusable adsorbents for the desulfurization of a liquid model fuel

An ionic liquid (IL) and a heteropoly acid (HPA) were sequentially incorporated to highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, ZIF-8 and MIL-100(Fe)) under mild conditions. The IL was synthesized from 1-methylimidazole and 1-bromobutane inside the pore structure of the MOFs via the ship-in-bottle (SIB) technique. Then, the HPA (here, phosphotungstic acid) was incorporated to IL@MOF, where the imidazolium cations play an essential role in anchoring the PA anions to form stable MOF adsorbents bearing IL and HPA. The efficiency of the tri-component adsorbents was evaluated for the adsorptive removal of thiophenics (benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT)) from liquid fuel. The BT or DBT adsorption capacity (Q0) of the modified MOFs was 1.3–1.6 and 2.0–2.5 times to that of the pristine MOFs based on the unit weight and unit surface area of the adsorbents, respectively. The increased Q0 could be explained by the synergistic affinity of IL and HPA species toward thiophenics. Moreover, the adsorbent could be reused for up to four cycles with little loss of BT adsorption capacity, indicating the stability (no leaching) of the HPA and IL within the porous MOFs. From this study, it can be concluded that HPA can be supported on IL@MOF via chemical interactions, affording stable tri-component adsorbents that can be applied to a variety of liquid phase adsorption processes.

Photo-degradation of azo-dyes by applicable magnetic zeolite Y–Silver–CoFe2O4 nanocomposites

Magnetic CoFe2O4 and silver nanoparticles were synthesized via simple chemical reactions using precipitation method at temperature of 60 °C. The all obtained materials are in the range of nano-scale magnetic particles. The effect of different surfactants (anionic, cationic and neutral) on the morphology of the products was investigated. zeolite Y–Ag–CoFe2O4 nanocomposites were also prepared by so called “ship in bottle” procedure. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern, Fourier transform infra-red were used to study the structural and physical properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of the product were also investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticles exhibit various ferromagnetic behaviours by changing in surfactants at room temperature. The photocatalytic behaviour of zeolite Y–Ag–CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was evaluated using the degradation of four various azo dyes aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The results confirm that zeolite Y–Ag–CoFe2O4 nanocomposites are suitable materials with suitable performance in photo-catalytic applications.

Ionic liquid@MIL-101 prepared via the ship-in-bottle technique: remarkable adsorbents for the removal of benzothiophene from liquid fuel.

Ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized inside a porous metal-organic framework (MIL-101) via a ship-in-bottle (SIB) technique. Unlike previously reported IL-incorporated MIL-101s, IL@MIL-101 prepared by the SIB approach was very stable over several cycles for the liquid phase adsorption of benzothiophene from liquid fuel.

Novel multi-component hybrids through double luminescent lanthanide unit functionalized zeolite L and titania

Zeolite L (ZL) is functionalized with inside-outside double modification paths (gas disperse (“ship in bottle”) and covalently grafting) with two kinds of luminescent lanthanide species (Tb3+ complex of acetylacetone (AA), lanthanide polyoxometalate (NaLnW10O36·32H2O, abbreviated as LnW10, Ln=Eu, Tb)) to prepare the hybrid materials. The prepared hybrids show the red and green luminescence, which provides a useful path to obtain multi-component lanthanide hybrids.

Multi-color luminescence of hybrids based with lanthanide functionalized zeolite A and titania

A so-called inside-outside double modification path is used to functionalize zeolite A (ZA) with two kinds of luminescent lanthanide species (Eu3+/Tb3+ complex of thenoyltrifluoroacetylacetone (TAA) and acetylacetone (AA), and lanthanide polyoxometalate (NaLnW10O36⋅32H2O (LnW10, Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy)) to prepare the multi-component hybrid materials. ZA is functionalized with Eu3+/Tb3+ through ion exchange reaction, and then TTA/AA ligands are introduced through gas dispersion (ship in bottle) method to the inside channel or pore structure of ZA. On the other hand, another species, LnW10, is fabricated onto the surface of ZA through ionic liquid (1-methyl-3-propionyloxy imidazolium bromide) coordinated to titania as linker. The prepared hybrids show the multi-color luminescence for different composition and excitation. The results provide a useful path to obtain multi-component lanthanide hybrids.

A Supramolecular “Ship in Bottle” Strategy for Enantiomeric Selectivity in Geminate Radical Pair Recombination.

A Supramolecular “Ship in Bottle” Strategy for Enantiomeric Selectivity in Geminate Radical Pair Recombination.

A supramolecular "ship in bottle" strategy for enantiomeric selectivity in geminate radical pair recombination.

[reaction: see text] Reactions in which zeolites are modified with chiral inductors to serve as media for chiral induction are often limited by the propensity of both substrate and inductor to occupy the same supercage. Herein, we report a "ship in bottle" strategy utilizing the thermal decomposition of dioxetanes obtained from oxazolidinone-substituted enecarbamates for the enantioselective generation of methyl desoxybenzoin (MDB). Photoexcitation of the supramolecular geminate molecular pair results in enrichment of the opposite enantiomer of MDB.

Fabrication of micro reaction cages with tailored properties.

Hollow polyelectrolyte capsules in micro- and submicrometer size were prepared. Their interior was functionalized by a "ship in bottle" synthesis of copolymers. While the monomers permeated the capsule wall easily, the formed polymers remained in the capsule cage. The physicochemical properties of the capsule interior such as ion strength, pH, light absorption, and fluorescence could be controlled independently from the surrounding solvent by means of the chemical nature of the captured polymer. In case of polyelectrolytes the osmotic pressure of the counterions led to a swelling of the capsules which can be important for micromechanics. The functionalization with light-sensitive materials allowed selective photoreactions inside the capsules. Synthesis of polyelectrolytes at high concentration resulted in an intertwining of the capsule wall with the polymer. The modified walls behaved like ion exchange membranes and showed selectivity toward adsorption and permeation of organic ions. The modified capsules offer many possibilities for novel applications as containers for controlled precipitation, as nanoreactors for catalyzed reactions, or as sensors.

Anionic Pt Carbonyl Complexes in Faujasites: Matrix Effect

UV−vis and FTIR spectroscopies and temperature-programmed decomposition were used for the identification and characterization of anionic Pt Chini complexes [Pt3(CO)3(μ-CO)3]n2- inside faujasite matrices of different Si/Al ratios (X, Y zeolites) and various character of the lattice charge-compensating cations (alkali metal+, Mg2+, Ca2+). The ship-in bottle synthesis of these species from [Pt(NH3)4]2+ was carried out by carbonylation at 90 °C. It was found that Chini complexes of the nuclearities Pt6, Pt9, and Pt15 are mostly formed in alkali metal faujasites, while the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ stimulates the formation of neutral Pt0 particles. Larger Chini complexes are formed in Y zeolites rather than in X zeolites. Within the same zeolite type, the contribution of clusters with higher nuclearity increases in the sequence Cs+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+. Generally, the smallest Chini clusters are preferred in zeolite matrices with the highest basicity and largest size of alkali metal cations. The finest cluster size distribution is achieved in K faujasites where Pt6 and Pt9 dominate. Water in zeolites is essential for the formation of Chini complexes; increasing the number of H2O molecules lowers the cluster nuclearity. Compared to solutions, the faujasite matrix affects the vibrational frequencies of CO ligands while electronic transitions are not changed significantly. The transformation of Chini complexes to other Pt species followed by a release of CO occurs above 90 and below 130 °C for all the zeolite matrices studied.

ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Large Ring 2‐Phenylcyclanones. Formation of Cyclophanes and Encapsulation by a Ship in Bottle and by a Reptation Strategy.

AbstractThe biradicals (II), generated photochemically from the corresponding cyclanones, can be stabilized via the formation of enals (such as (121)) or via para coupling, leading to the cyclophanes (IIIb)‐(IIId).

Photochemistry of 2-phenylcyclanones. Formation of cyclophanes and encapsulation by a ship-in-bottle and by a reptation strategy

The photochemistry of five- and six-membered cyclanones has played an important role in the development of mechanistic organic chemistry and in our knowledge of biradicals. The dominant primary photochemical process of these alkanones is homolytic ..cap alpha..-cleavage (type I process) of a T/sub 1/ (n,..pi..*) state which produces a triplet biradical. The latter is stabilized after intersystem crossing to a singlet biradical by disproportionation reactions (to generate ketenes and/or enals) and by combination reactions (to regenerate the starting structure or an isomer). For example, the photolysis of 2-phenylcyclopentanone and 2-phenylcyclohexanone yields alkenals in good yields. We report that the photolysis of larger ring cyclanones (10, 11, 12, and 15 membered) produce paracyclopanes via a previously unanticipated and unprecedented combination process of biradical stabilization. We also report that the size/shape change that occurs in the photochemical cyclanone to cyclophane conversion can be exploited as the basis of a ship in bottle and of a reptation strategy to irreversibly encapsulate organic molecules in the super cage voids of zeolites.