Ship Crew Members Research Articles

Assessing the Quality of Ship Crew Members in Sewage Pollution Prevention Practices on Marine Environmental Protection: A Case of Dar Es Salaam – Zanzibar Ropax Vessels

The maritime industry is crucial for global trade, but it also significantly impacts the marine environment, particularly through sewage pollution. This study assesses the quality of ship crew members in sewage pollution prevention practices on marine environmental protection, focusing on ROPAX vessels operating between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. The stud aims to assess the quality of ship’s crew members in training and education, experience and the number of crew in sewage pollution prevention practices. The study collected data from 80 respondents, whereby both questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using T-test, Chi-square test, Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study finding revealed that significant deficiencies in awareness and training among crew members regarding MARPOL Annex IV regulations, with many respondents rating their understanding as very low or low. This lack of knowledge, compounded by insufficient formal training programs, hampers the effective implementation of pollution prevention measures. The study recommends a multifaceted approach, including enhanced training, financial support for compliance, and stronger regulatory oversight to improve environmental protection practices. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to reduce the environmental impact of the Tanzanian maritime industry and protect marine ecosystem.

Measures to preserve the mental health of sailors when working on autonomous surface vessels

Currently, all sectors of the national economy are subject to rapid processes of digital transformation, which requires the restructuring of both production processes and the improvement of the personnel selection system. The field of maritime transport is no exception, which has recently been focused on the active development of autonomous maritime shipping. The introduction of autonomous ships into operation radically changes the working conditions of ship crew members, including due to a significant reduction in their number. As a result, in the near future, seafarers will be forced not only to work in difficult conditions caused by maritime specifics, but also to experience the additional impact of a limited ship crew. The lack of necessary skills and training among current ship crew members to work in the new realities, as well as the high risk of impairment of their mental health, shows the objective need to find new approaches to the training and selection of seafarers. In order to develop recommendations for improving the rules for training, recruiting and selecting seafarers to work in conditions of a limited ship crew, the article studied regulations and levels of autonomy of sea surface vessels. A survey was conducted among active sailors, which made it possible to identify key problems on the stated issues, and also studied the types of temperament, personality and accentuation.

Optimization And Implementation of Waste Management Planning on Indonesian Flag Non-Convention Ships Sailing in Indonesian Waters

Abstract Waste is one of the objects of concern on ships, especially in terms of its storage and disposal, where more attention must be given to all ships with a gross tonnage of one hundred or more. Every ship certified to carry fifteen people or more, and every fixed or floating platform must have a waste management planning on ship, which includes written procedures for minimizing, collecting, storing, processing and disposing of waste including the use of equipment on the ship. In discussing this material, the researchers analyze the procedures and handling of waste disposal on Indonesian-flagged non-conventional ships. The method used in this research was the case research method. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews and library research methods. The research results show that on Indonesian-flagged non-conventional ships entering the Port of Makassar, there was still waste thrown into the sea, especially by crew members who did not comply with the waste management procedures regulated in The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Annex V. Ships - Non-conventional ships had not handled waste in accordance with The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 73/78 regulations due to various factors, one of which is that there is no equipment for handling waste in the ship and the lack of understanding of ship crew members in protecting the maritime environment. It is recommended that the company supervise the handling of waste in the ship and on the other hand, the port management must prepare waste storage facilities.

Inadequate first medical aid on board a sea vessel as a risk factor for crew members' health

Currently, one of the most important health and social problems in the world is the constant increase in injuries and deaths at work. Statistics show that timely provision of first aid to victims has a positive effect on further medical support and a reduction in the number of deaths. First aid for crew members of sea vessels is a set of simple medical actions performed by seafarers directly on board the ship, as soon as possible after an injury or illness. As a rule, it is associated with emergency resuscitation of the victim. The lack of necessary skills and training among current ship crew members to carry out first aid operations shows an objective need to develop recommendatory measures to revise the current training system.

Optimalisasi Hukum Untuk Hak-Hak Perlindungan Anak Buah Kapal Migran Dan Memberantas Agensi Ilegal

This article explores efforts to optimise the rights of crew in the international maritime contextand take a stand against illegal agency practices that harm them. An in-depth analysis of the ship's crew working conditions reveals labour rights violations and unsafe working conditions. Meanwhile, the role of illegal agents exacerbates the situation. This research urges the government to optimise the rights of migrant ship crew members. By detailing basic rights such as a living wage, safe working conditions, the research investigates the positive impact of implementing migrant worker protection policies. Focus is also given to countering illegal agents by identifying prevention and enforcement strategies that can be implemented. This research provides a foundation for cooperation between governments, shipping companies and international organisations to create a fair and sustainable maritime environment and eradicate illegal agencies that only want to benefit themselves. This research not only describes the challenges, but also illustrates solutions in protecting the rights of ship’s crew members and countering illegal agents in the maritime sector.

Black Women Reporting and Seeking Help for Sexual Assault: A Call for Action

Black women in America have historically been victims of oppression, racism, and sexual assault. This victimization can be traced as far back as the forced immigration to America in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Forced travel bondage on slave ships highlights the institutionalized pattern, not only of their suffering from repeated rape, but also logs their victimized sufferings in silence that they had to endure then and continue to endure in 21st century contemporary America. Black women have been socialized intergenerationally to respond in a specific manner similar to the female slaves who endured rape from ship crew members during their long voyage to the Americas. Even after slavery was legally abolished in 1865, Black women continued to endure victimizations not only due to their gender, but also due to discrimination, classism, perceptions regarding their sexuality, racism, and fear. These intersectional factors cause Black women to have become unique experiences at the hands of rapists. Thus, Black women have unique experiences as victims of rape than other individuals who are also rape victims. Any discussion of Black women and rape must be placed in a sociohistorical framework. The purpose of this article is to revisit historical underpinnings about the rape of Black women in a socialized manner that continues to hinder a silent, nonactive role, and in some instances denial of being a victim of rape. The aim is to sensitize, stimulate, and motivate action by increasing social work classroom discussions about the topic, increasing research in the area of rape of Black women utilizing an intersectional approach reviewing factors that are unique to Black women, and providing more information as a resource to enhance community awareness. Effective intervention strategies are also delineated.

The application of telemedicine technologies under medical care provision to crew members on shipboard

The impact of development of technique and technology as result of scientific and technological progress in modern society tremendously affected population life of people in its various areas. One of these technologies is telemedicine. The telemedicine technologies permit to ensure accessibility of highly qualified medical care to travelers, ship crew members and persons located at remote objects. The actuality of application of telemedicine technologies is excessively high in conditions of providing medical care to ship crew members working hundreds miles away from nearest medical care station. The article considers application of telemedicine technologies in world-wide practice. The legal norms of applying telemedicine in the Russian Federation were analyzed. The results of scientific research of telemedicine application on shipboard are analyzed and both advantages and disadvantages of technology under study are determined. The ways of resolving existing problems are proposed to minimize risks associated with application of telemedicine technologies on shipboard.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Hypertension in Ship Crews of Seaports Work Coverage for Poso Port Health Office, Bungku Working Area

Objective: Ship crew as seafarers who work or are employed on board the ship by the owner or operator of the ship to carry out their duties following their position will have limitations in accessing health education, facilities, and infrastructure that support them to maintain their health. One of the non-communicable diseases that contributes to cardiovascular diseases is hypertension. This study aims to determine the risk factors related to the prevalence of hypertension in ship crew at Seaport work coverage for Poso Port Health Office, Bungku Working Area. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 385 participant involve in data analysis. Chi-square analysis was employed to assess the relationship between respondent characteristic variables and independent variables concerning the occurrence of hypertension. Multivariate analysis was conducted on variables that showed an association with hypertension to obtain independent risk values using logistic regression analysis. This research used a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in ship crew is 12.73%. Logistic regression results showed that the crew members had an overweight (AOR=15.93, 95%CI: 5.080-49.981, p=0.000) and moderate and heavy smokers among crew members (AOR=2.51, 95%CI: 1.038-6.066), p=0.021) were factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension in ships crew members of hypertension in ships crew members after controlled by aged over 45 years (AOR=22.94; 95% CI: 2.587-203.477, p=0.005) and family history of hypertension (AOR=6.01; 95% CI: 2.741-13.168, p=0.000). Conclusions: Body mass index and smoking behavior among ship crew members are significant risk factors for hypertension in this study, while alcohol consumption and workplace-related environmental stress were not found to be significant risk factors in this research Implication of the research: This research can serve as a reference for determining health programs and more specific priority groups targeted for the prevention and control of hypertension among ship crew members on board. Originality: This study was conducted on ship crew members, legally active seafarers in the operational tasks on ship, whereas most similar research uses the health data of seafarers in healthcare clinics.

Гарантированный результат оценки состояния компетентности судового специалиста

The article highlights the application of the principle of achieving the best guaranteed result in the tasks of assessing the qualifications of the ship crew members in performing their official duties (based on the use of a program for monitoring the actions of ship specialists aimed at solving navigation problems, under the influence of various negative factors - disturbances) are discussed. The case is considered when the disturbance acts on several controlled indicators at once (current constraints, final conditions, quality criterion). During the implementation of the monitoring program, the reaction of the crew members to a specific disturbance is evaluated (at the same time, only a set of possible disturbances is assumed to be known). The developed management program is able to guarantee a reliable assessment of the compliance of the current state of a specialist's competence with all the required parameters for the entire time interval under consideration. To do this, we have to assume that each indicator will have its own worst perturbation (even if the same perturbation should take different values at the same time). At the same time, upon completion of monitoring, the program outputs the results in the form of a report, which indicates the time interval of observations of the actions of a particular crew member, records the facts of errors, and displays information about the degree of influence of the error on the final result (provided there are no corrective actions on the part of both the specialist and other crew members). The report ends with a two-point competent/incompetent rating system. The disadvantage of the program is its inability to indicate the degree of influence of external factors on the results obtained, but at the same time all the information contained in the report allows the expert who checks the competence of this specialist to conclude about the degree of safety of the actions taken by the employee in a particular situation. The results of the work of the guaranteeing program in the task of operating the GMSSB ship complex are given as illustrations.

НАПРЯМИ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ДИПЛОМУВАННЯ ФАХІВЦІВ МОРСЬКОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The article reveals the main problems faced by sailors during receiving working diplomas for assigning the ranks of command squad of sea ships and methods of solving them. One of the main stages in the formation of the maritime career of every maritime specialist is their obtaining of maritime certificates and diplomas. They are issued by such a state body as the Shipping Administration. The main problem in this process lies in the time-consuming stage of submitting maritime documents, their verification for assigning or confirming the rank of crew members of sea vessels during the qualification exam at the State Qualification Commission of the Shipping Administration. To solve this problem, the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine and the Shipping Administration developed a special electronic system, which is an information and communication system of the Shipping Administration in the field of training and certification of ship crew members. This electronic system allows sailors to: use digital documents, submit documents for obtaining or confirming work diplomas, submit online applications for government services, monitor the process of verification of maritime documents, download diplomas in a few clicks without the need to stand in queues at government institutions. In addition, for the state institutions themselves, this electronic system ensures the creation of a single register of all maritime documents, namely: certificates, seaman's passports, foreign passports, medical certificates, diplomas on completion of studies at higher education institutions, advanced training courses, certificates of competency, seafarer's record books with records of sailing experience, information on submitted applications and received protocols, etc. The creation of a single register for maritime specialists helps to properly organize work and at the same time raise the rating of Ukrainian sailors to the European level. Key words: certification of seafarers, electronic system of the Shipping Administration, qualification exam, Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, State Qualification Commission.

Impact of preparedness on safety behavior in dealing with emergencies on container ships: an analysis of the role of safety knowledge, motivation, and awareness

ABSTRACT The loading and unloading activities of container ships at the Tanjung Perak Port is imperative, as they can be carried out quickly and efficiently. These ships tend to have a high frequency of visits and possess the largest gross tonnage among ships used for the transportation of goods. The occurrence of an accident involving a container ship can have a detrimental effect on the seamless delivery of goods via sea transportation. Furthermore, the crew be adequately prepared in order to mitigate the risk. As evidenced by research on safety behaviour have not taken preparedness as a factor into consideration when addressing emergencies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of safety knowledge, motivation, and awareness on safety behaviour in dealing with emergencies on container ships in accordance with relevant regulations. A total of 180 ship crew members served as respondents and it analysed using SEM-PLS. The results showed that preparedness, including safety procedures, emergency training, and crew security culture is an important aspect in dealing with emergencies. Furthermore, this study obtained an R square value of 0.525 in the structural model, indicating that the independent variables have an influence on behaviour, and it was classified in the good category.

Determinants of Preventive Behavior towards the Spread of Covid-19 among Ships that Docked at Boombaru Port, Palembang

Boombaru Port in Palembang is a meeting point for the activities of ships, goods and people with the potential to become a means of the spread of Covid-19. Current efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 have not been fully implemented optimally. This study aims to analyse the determinants of preventive behavior towards the spread of Covid-19. This was a quantitative study using descriptive analytical method with a cross sectional approach. The study population was all crew members of ships that docked at Boombaru Port, Palembang with a total sample of 114 respondents who were selected accidentally. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed several variables with a significant correlation, namely Captain support (P-value=0.0001) and availability of facilities (P-value=0.0001). Meanwhile, there were no significant correlations between age (P-value=1), education (P-value=0.612), type of ship (P-value=0.748), knowledge (P-value=1), attitude (P-value=0.279) with the preventive behavior towards the spread of Covid-19. In conclusion, the most dominant variable related to Covid-19 preventive behavior was captain support (PR=35.605). Poor Captain support had a 35.606 times greater risk to create bad preventive behavior towards the spread of Covid-19 compared to good Captain support.

STUDY OF ISSUES RELATED TO SEAFARERS' LABOR SAFETY

Any of merchant vessel, seagoing or river, regardless its purpose and displacement is an area of increased danger, so occupational safety on board the ships, must be given special attention. Knowledge of and compliance with occupational safety rules and regulations is necessary during any production process on board, or during routine operations that are necessary to ensure the functioning of the vessel in accordance with its intended purpose. Each violation of the safety of the working process results in injury to the ship's crew members. High level of injuries on ships requires finding key solutions to this urgent problem. Conducting analysis of official statistics on traumatism of crew members, accidents and emergencies during work performance on ships and studying reasons which led to it came to conclusion that study of this subject is urgent necessity with certain degree of urgency and range of unresolved questions.

The inopportune repatriation of ship crew members as a threat to mental health disorders

In case of illness or injury of ship crew member during entire stay on board of the ship and until the end of repatriation, the shipowner is responsible for paying wages in full size and pays all expenses on medical care and arrival at final destination. Due to effect of external and internal factors, mental health of crew members became one of actual modern problems. The article considers main provisions of labor and collective agreement of crew member, determines responsibilities of shipowner for organizing repatriation and appropriate actions when its terms are increased, identifies problematic aspects of disorders of mental health of seaman on board the ship and substantiates possible solutions of modern problems.

Using Learning Management System to Motivate Merchant Ship Crew to Learn Maritime English

This paper evaluates the uses of the Learning Management System (LMS) in motivating merchant ship crew members to learn Maritime English. The study was conducted in February 2022 on 26 participants who were undertaking the Ratings’ Maritime English course at a premier maritime education and training institution in Malaysia. The findings of the quantitative study which used the Instructional Materials Motivational Survey showed that there was a medium to high level of motivation in all evaluated domains of the Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction Model of Motivation. Further Pearson correlation indicated that there were significant correlations between the good organization of the LMS content with learners’ confidence and between the layout of the LMS with learners’ enjoyment learning the lesson. These findings help to further improve the delivery of the course and the development of LMS especially in features that could enhance learners’ motivation to learn Maritime English in asynchronous mode.

Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of ship energy efficiency practices

The IMO is working to reduce emissions from ships. One of its initiatives is the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Program (SEEMP), which is based on the Plan, Do, Check and Act (PDCA) cycle. In order to clearly describe the weight of energy efficiency improvement methods in practice, current energy efficiency practices were summarised systematically from five aspects, including optimising navigational management and operation, improving power system efficiency, reducing ship resistance, improving company management as well as the application of new energy and new technologies. Based on the Fuzzy- Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, a multi-level evaluation system was established by considering the importance degree of these practices. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out in accordance with the results obtained from the questionnaire survey of experienced experts in China. The evaluation results show that the management innovation has higher influence than technological alteration in achieving the energy conservation and emissions reduction of ships, and the speed optimisation is recognised as the most effective approach onboard at present. The multi-attribute decision-making architecture and comprehensive evaluation method proposed is much needed by the ship managers and crew members to determine the best practice of energy efficiency.

Prospective Surveillance of Respiratory Infections in British Antarctic Survey Bases During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The British Antarctic bases offer a semiclosed environment for assessing the transmission and persistence of seasonal respiratory viruses. Weekly swabbing was performed for respiratory pathogen surveillance (including SARS-CoV-2), at 2 British Antarctic Survey bases, during 2020: King Edward Point (KEP, 30 June to 29 September, 9 participants, 124 swabs) and Rothera (9 May to 6 June, 27 participants, 127 swabs). Symptom questionnaires were collected for any newly symptomatic cases that presented during this weekly swabbing period. At KEP, swabs tested positive for non-SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus (2), adenovirus (1), parainfluenza 3 (1), and respiratory syncytial virus B (1). At Rothera, swabs tested positive for non-SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus (3), adenovirus (2), parainfluenza 4 (1), and human metapneumovirus (1). All bacterial agents identified were considered to be colonizers and not pathogenic. At KEP, the timeline indicated that the parainfluenza 3 and adenovirus infections could have been linked to some of the symptomatic cases that presented. For the other viruses, the only other possible sources were the visiting ship crew members. At Rothera, the single symptomatic case presented too early for this to be linked to the subsequent viral detections, and the only other possible source could have been a single nonparticipating staff member.

TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MEASURES TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SHIPS

Every year, the dynamics of implementation of projects aimed at improving the efficiency of energy use is gradually increasing at different levels and in different industries. It has spread in the areas of design, modernization and reconstruction of energy-efficient buildings and structures, design and construction of elements of industrial infrastructure, and technological production processes. Introduction of such projects is a priority for enterprises and companies of various types of economic activity. Thus, the leading industries develop strategies to improve environmental safety and energy efficiency - shipping is no exception, where the process of improving energy efficiency is carried out through various mechanisms, ultimately leading to a reduction in emissions of pollutants, but having a negative impact on the performance of the commercial operation of the ship. Problems of ensuring energy efficiency along with increasing requirements for environmental safety of transport and strengthening the responsibility of shipowners become the focus of research of modern theory and practice of operation of means of maritime transport. The issues of improvement of universal principles of energy efficiency within individual shipping companies and development of tools for economic analysis of energy efficiency of own fleet, search for new ways of forming professional competencies of ship crew members in the field of energy efficiency continue to be topical as well.

A Study on the Development of Emergency Response Management Education for Passenger Ship

The recent ship accidents have resulted in enormous loss of life and property, and the results of the investigation show that most of the causes of accidents are due to human factors. Currently, the training that passenger ship crews must complete is focused on theories about crowd management, safety training, crisis management, and primary emergency response practice, training on various variables such as the limited environment and the effects of fear in emergencies, the ability to respond to them, and training to develop correct judgment and leadership skills are not conducted. this study intends to provide essential data for developing a curriculum to respond to emergencies by analyzing the curriculum for passenger ship crew and crew members. thus the regulations and status of passenger ship training curriculum operated domestic and overseas were identified, and the curriculum was analyzed through a comparison of curriculum cases. Based on this, the development training model of the passenger ship emergency response manager and additional curriculum to improve passenger ship safety were presented. Therefore, it is expected that the quality and effectiveness of domestic passenger ship safety training will be improved at the same time through this study.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ABK INDONESIA DI KAPAL ASING DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM NASIONAL

Introduction: Indonesian crew members are every Indonesian citizen who will be, are currently or have been doing work by receiving wages on a foreign ship. In its development, there have been many cases of Indonesian ship crew working on foreign ships such as violence, torture, unpaid wages and so on. This study aims to determine the role of the government in providing legal protection against cases experienced by the crew of Indonesian ships when they are, are or have worked on foreign ships in the perspective of national law. Methods: Normative juridical research uses a normative juridical approach based on primary and secondary legal materials. Result: The data shows that there are a number of complaints and cases of Indonesian Ship Crew members working on foreign ships. Conclusion: This research shows that the regulations in the form of laws and regulations and the policies of the Indonesian government in providing protection are good, but it is still necessary to form policies and regulations that do not overlap, there is a lack of cooperation between related ministries / institutions in overcoming trafficking in persons against citizens Indonesia, the lack of oversight from law enforcement officials in terms of recruitment to reviewing the places where ship crew companies work, and the lack of data on the number of Indonesian crew members working on foreign ships.