Shipbuilding Company Research Articles

A heuristic method for multi-objective hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with parent-child relationships and space constraints

ABSTRACT In modern ship manufacturing, a ship is divided into hundreds of blocks in the design stage, and the productivity of the block manufacturing process is vital to ship delivery. This paper investigates the production scheduling problem of ship blocks with the parent-child relationship; this relationship is characterised by the fact that sibling jobs at the same BOM layer must be processed on adjacent machines at their assembly stages. We formulate this problem as a multi-objective hybrid flow shop scheduling problem: the first objective is to minimise the total deviation from the target time of the jobs and the second one is to minimise the total processing time. To solve this problem, we propose a heuristic method based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm, in which an adjacent machine priority method is first proposed to generate feasible solutions that satisfy the space constraints. Then, we improve the individual quality in crossover and mutation of the algorithm via tabu search. We verify the performance of our algorithm by test instances generated from real manufacturing data of a shipbuilding company. Results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing algorithms when identifying the Pareto optimal solutions, especially for large-sized problems.

Matheuristic algorithm for dock planning problems considering tandem and parallel methods in the shipbuilding industry

Docks are crucial production resources that significantly impact shipyard productivity. This study addresses a real-world dock planning problem (DPP) focused on ship production scheduling within docks. Unlike traditional scheduling issues, the DPP involves managing multiple concurrent tasks due to the use of tandem and parallel methods common in the shipbuilding industry. This distinctive feature introduces unique considerations and opportunities for optimizing production processes within shipyards. Despite its importance, research on DPPs is limited, with dock planning typically depending on the expertise of planners. This study formally defines a DPP as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model, incorporating tandem and parallel methods. It also introduces MathLNS, a matheuristic algorithm that combines MIP-based large neighborhood search with heuristic methods, as an efficient solution approach to this problem. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is evaluated using real-world data from one of the largest shipbuilders globally. The results demonstrate significant improvements over the planner-driven approach. Notably, the developed algorithm has been integrated into the company’s production planning system, resulting in improved dock planning efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed approach offers potential benefits for other shipbuilding companies, enhancing operational efficiency in dock planning.

Russia’s Arctic icebreaking capability: an assessment

ABSTRACT This paper explores the Russian icebreaker fleet capabilities, problems, and perspectives. It also analyses Russian civilian and military icebreakers, and their dual-use capabilities. The paper responds to a question grounded in Russia's Arctic policy: How critical is icebreaking capability to Russia’s Arctic strategy? Based on the findings, the paper concludes that the influences of climate change and Russia’s foreign and external security policy affect the development of its icebreaker fleet in the Arctic. In this respect, temperatures of the ice melting in the Arctic and delays in building new icebreakers, because of access to the technology caused by the sanctions, are stressed. On the other hand, Russia’s confrontation with the West following the invasion of Ukraine and the sanctions over it, increases the allocation of government finance to support local shipbuilding companies. Moreover, the paper argues that Russia’s economic difficulties and shipbuilding delays should enhance the dual-use capabilities of the Russian icebreakers in the coming years.

Contextual Knowledge Framework in CAD Education from the Perspectives of Practicing Engineers

The contemporary industry landscape requires engineering graduates to have expertise in utilizing advanced Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. However, prevailing practices reveal a lack of contextual knowledge among Mechanical Engineering undergraduates and fresh graduate engineers in effectively employing 3D CAD modelling software for optimal product design development. Consequently, this study was undertaken to address this issue, with a specific focus on the integration of contextual knowledge into 3D CAD modelling. The study aims to elucidate the fundamental elements of contextual knowledge regularly employed by practicing engineers in their daily design endeavours, specifically in 3D CAD modelling. A transcendental phenomenology approach was used, and four engineers from the engineering department of a shipbuilding company in Peninsular Malaysia were purposefully selected as respondents. The analysis yielded three recurring themes central to the application of contextual knowledge in visualizing and presenting models through 3D CAD modelling: Realization, Design Intention, and Normalization. These elements are pivotal in assisting engineers in contextualizing their design work during the modelling and presentation stages of the new product development process.

Sub-Contractor Selection in Shipyard Companies Using Fuzzy-AHP Method

Shipyard industries is one of the very complex construction jobs because there is much work to be done in parallel. Activities in the shipyard industry mostly involve sub-contractors. Although many advantages are obtained, involving sub-contractors in the company also has an impact on the company’s performance. The selection of the right sub-contractor is a crucial activity and will determine the company’s performance. This research uses the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process method (Fuzzy AHP) to solve the problem of selecting sub-contractors in the Shipbuilding Company. Alternative sub-contractors were evaluated and pairwise comparisons were made between these alternatives using Fuzzy AHP with a Triangular Fuzzy Number (TFN) approach. The TFN scale can reduce the ambiguity of expert judgment on AHP. A case study was conducted on the selection of sub-contractors with the bottom cleaning and ship replating project at shipyard company in Surabaya, Indonesia. As a result, one of the sub-contractors selected as the best sub-contractor with a score of 0.167.

Factors that cause Work Fatigue among Shipyard Workers

Highlights: 1. The focus of this study was on the underlying factors of fatigue among shipyard workers, an area that necessitatesfurther research to attain ideal standards in occupational health and safety.2. This study can provide companies with material to use when counseling workers on the importance of a healthynutritional intake in preventing fatigue. Abstract Work fatigue remains a prevalent issue among workers in shipyards, leading to detrimental effects on physical well-being, including a decline in body resistance and productivity. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, nutritional status, working period, physical workload, noise, and lighting with fatigue levels among hull construction workers. This observational study used a cross-sectional approach with a total population of 112 individuals working in the production line of the Warship Division of a shipbuilding company. The sample size in this study was determined using stratified random sampling, resulting in an assembly of 53 samples. Proportionate stratified random sampling was then employed to determine the sample size for each subgroup of the population. The research data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test (p<0.005). This study found a significant relationship between work fatigue and nutritional status (p=0.000), with a moderately positive relationship (r=0.511). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between work fatigue and physical workload (p=0.000), with a moderately positive relationship (r=0.531). Noise and work fatigue showed a significant relationship (p=0.010), with a weak positive relationship (r=0.353). Lighting and work fatigue showed a significant relationship as well (p=0.000), but with a moderately negative relationship (r=-0.524). On the other hand, work fatigue did not exhibit any significant relationship with age (p=0.129) or working period (p=0.651). This study establishes a relationship between work fatigue and numerous factors, including nutritional status, physical workload, noise, and lighting. However, age and working period are not related to work fatigue. Thus, it is recommended that companies align job requirements with employees' work capacity and conduct regular assessments of noise and lighting conditions to mitigate work-related fatigue.

Employee Workload Analysis Using the Full Time Equivalent Method in the Production Division at PT. Indonesian Ship Industry (Persero) Makassar

PT. IKI is a shipbuilding company owned by the Indonesian government engaged in production. Preliminary observations found that there was an imbalance in the workload received by each employee, causing employees to work beyond operating hours, sometimes also working outside the company's working days. Workload analysis is very important to calculate exactly how many employees are needed to complete all tasks in a part or department in the company. In this research was conducted to identify the workload received by employees of the plumbing department, and determine the number of employee needs based on their workload. This study uses the full time equivalent method to identify the workload received by employees and determine the number of employee needs based on their workload. The results of this study indicate that there is an uneven workload at one work station, where from the results of calculations using the FTE method it is known that the workload of employees 1 and 2 is classified as overload and employees 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in the normal category. Based on the results of this study, the number of employees was increased, namely 2 people. So the optimal number of employees is 12 people. Another suggestion is for employees who experience an overloaded workload or an uneven workload at one work station, then some of the job descriptions for employees who have an overloaded workload are given to employees who have a normal workload.

Occupational Health and Safety Risks in the Shipbuilding Industry, Case Study at PT Blambangan Bahari Shipyard

The shipbuilding industry is a useful place for producing or even repairing ships. PT Blambangan Bahari Shipyard in this study is one of the shipbuilding industries which is a shipbuilding company and shipping consultant. Occupational safety in every workplace, including in the ship production sector, needs to be considered to reduce the risk of work accidents as low as possible. This research aims to identify the types of hazards or analyze risks in shipbuilding activities with case studies at PT. Blambangan Bahari Shipyard. This study uses a quantitative approach with a criterion scale to analyze data from interviews and risk observations at each stage of shipbuilding. Then the data were analyzed using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method. The results of the risk analysis of the shipbuilding process show that the stages of mold making, mold coating, gel coat and lamination have a high-risk level. This is because, at this stage, many workers use tools that are quite dangerous for them. In addition, the risk analysis results show that the shipbuilding process has a high level of risk in terms of work safety. The high risks experienced by workers are exposure to electric drills, electric shock, eye pain, skin irritation, respiratory problems, and bronchitis.

Read Until You Understand: The Profound Wisdom of Black Life and Literature

Read Until You Understand: The Profound Wisdom of Black Life and Literature

Effect of Organizational Communication, Leadership Communication, and Work Discipline on Occupational Health and Safety at PT Armada Bangun Samudra (PT ABS)

Communication is something that is required in everyday life to express thoughts or ideas to invite others to act and produce desired changes, both in terms of individuals and organizations. Within organizations, communication has an impact on organizational performance. This study aims to determine the effective communication model of OHS in PT Armada Bangun Samudra (PTABS), a shipbuilding company. Data were collected from 185 respondents who were selected randomly from a pool of 344. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results reveal that communication can be effective in an organization with multiple sub-organizations/sections if it is carried out in a hierarchical manner one level above or below. This study found that the leader’s communication skills had a significant effect on work discipline. Employee work discipline has a significant effect on the company’s OHS performance. To improve OHS performance, organizational leaders' communication skills and employee participation at all levels must be improved.

SWOT-AHP HYBRID METHOD FOR RANKING THE STRATEGIES IN THE SHIPBUILDING SECTOR

The paper outlines the most important shipbuilding strategies in Romania that would allow this industry to increase its performance to be competitive. The research is mainly based on the collection of information from experts in the field from ANCONAV (Romanian Shipbuilders Association), specialists in design and production, and shipyard managers in Romania. The SWOT analysis was based on this information and was the starting point in formulating the strategies. The quantitative determination of the importance of each factor and sub-factor from the SWOT matrix in view of ranking the strategies, but also the verification of the points of view of the experts in the field were performed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method (AHP), using Excel applications. The obtained results consisted in identifying the internal and external environmental factors and formulating the main strategies with positive effects on the Romanian naval sector (the development of a Romanian cluster, the consolidation of the position on the global ship market through aggressive marketing, investments regarding the construction of ecological ships, the development of centers of excellence for exploiting the research-development-innovation capacity, the limitation of highly-skilled labor migration, expanding the digitalization, and developing a marketing policy to promote the national shipbuilding companies globally).

Increasing the efficiency of automation in shipbuilding and ship-repairing by building a control system using lean manufacturing principles

Shipbuilding companies often suffer from long production cycles, low staff utilisation and an unbalanced production line. To solve these problems, a lean shipbuilding regime is used which involves work breakdowns, production plans and virtual flow operations that combine lean production with modern information management technology in shipbuilding. Production planning manages all the production activities of a shipbuilding facility. Production plans are achieved just-in-time through intelligent organisation, reducing loss of staff and time. A virtual flow operation is then carried out, achieving high efficiency in flow production and high flexibility in production. By implementing a lean shipbuilding regime based on task package planning and its production system, the ship's production cycle is reduced, the number of workers is reduced, but the level of production balance is increased.

Nickel dust-induced occupational contact dermatitis by welding and grinding work in shipyard workers: a report of nine cases

BackgroundOccupational skin diseases are skin conditions that occur or worsen in relation to work and known to be the second most common type of occupational disease affecting individuals in the United States. In Korea, epidemiological reports related to occupational skin diseases are rare. But, no cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by welding and grinding work have been reported previously.Case presentationNine male workers working in the production department for liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships in Ulsan complained of erythematous papules/patches and itching in various areas of the body after welding and grinding work. The work environment monitoring report revealed that the amount of nickel dust exceeded the time weighted average (TWA) and poor local ventilation status. Based on the symptoms and the overall results of surveys, several tests, and work environment monitoring report, the 2 workers who had positive patch-test reactions to nickel were diagnosed with nickel dust-induced allergic contact dermatitis. The other 7 workers were diagnosed that there was a high probability that they had nickel dust-induced irritant contact dermatitis. The 2 workers who had nickel dust-induced allergic contact dermatitis were recommended to switch their jobs.ConclusionsNickel is one of the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. In this case, the dust was assumed to be created by welding work with a high nickel content new welding rod and subsequent grinding work, and the concentration of this dust exceeded the time weighted average. Thus, it is thought that the nickel dust may have caused contact dermatitis through continuous contact with the workers' exposed skin in a poorly ventilated space. Currently, several domestic shipbuilding companies are manufacturing LNG tankers using a new construction method. Consequently, it is highly likely that similar cases will occur in the future, which makes this case report meaningful.

An analysis on industrial internet of things in digital transformation of shipyard industry in Turkey

Shipyards often face unique challenges, as the construction of ships takes months or even years to complete. As in any sector, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) also affects the shipbuilding sector. With this digital transformation, it aims to meet the challenges of shipbuilding more personalized ships with shorter delivery times, greater flexibility, and higher quality. Therefore, this study aims to review IIoT technologies that will perform the digital transformation in the shipyard. In this study, an analysis of the digital transformation for the shipyard industry of Turkey in general was made and more specifically focused on how to implement IIoT for Sedef Shipbuilding Inc., which is one of the leading shipbuilding companies in Turkey. This study contributes to digital transformation technologies that can be applied in shipyards by providing analysis of existing reference frames for IIoT technologies in shipyard digital transformation. Keywords: ; IoT Ecosystem; IIoT Architecture;Industry 4.0; Industrial Internet of Things; Shipbuilding 4.0; Shipyard 4.0

인공지능 기술에 기반한 자율운항선박의 새로운 상황인식 시스템의 설계와 초기 결과

With recent advancements in artificial intelligence technologies, the academia and industry have heightened performance expectations when designing autonomous ships, and major ship building companies and governments have been conducting large-scale research projects around the world. This paper proposes a novel design concept, and presents the key features and preliminary results of a situational awareness system for autonomous ships, named the iSAS (Intelligent Situational Awareness System), and is being developed as part of the Korea Autonomous Surface Ships (KASS) project launched in April 2020. The iSAS comprises deep-learning algorithms for detecting marine objects using camera, radar, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a probabilistic-based data association and tracking algorithm and a new collision risk evaluation method. Because the iSAS estimates motions of all and each objects along with their semantic information, it could not be said as a simple replacement of what the captain does. By sequentially installing the iSAS on a small test ship and a demonstration ship during the project, we will simultaneously perform algorithm development and field verification to achieve reliability in the real environment. The iSAS can be used not only for autonomous ships but also for manned ships to enhance safety and reduce costs in the near future.

A systematic approach of lean supply chain management in shipbuilding

This paper presents a systematic approach for lean supply chain management in shipbuilding industry based on analysis of the unique characters and processes of shipbuilding. The approach constantly improves productivity and retains low costs. The system that covers seven sub-systems on three different levels is created based on the lean thinking and supply chain management theory. In the lean supply chain management procedure, the operational data of the shipyard and suppliers are timely collected, monitored, and analyzed, and weaknesses in the supply chain are identified through performance measurement to suggest improvements. With this approach the entire shipbuilding supply chain can be continuously optimized and controlled. This approach is concluded and proofed functional with actual operation in a leading shipyard in China, Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Company, guided by Shipbuilding Modeling 2.0 Program of China state shipbuilding corporation.

CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF ACHIEVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES BY SHIPBUILDING ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Topicality. Under the circumstances prevailing in international markets, exacerbated by the effects of anti-pandemic measures, there is a problem of survival and success of enterprises and organizations of national economies. The fact that the shipbuilding industry in Ukraine is in a state of very slow revival imposes additional obligations on decision-makers to find the most acceptable forms, methods and means of preserving and developing the industry. In this context, the study develops conceptual approaches to strengthening the competitive advantages of domestic shipbuilding companies.Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to form conceptual provisions for strengthening the competitiveness of shipbuilding enterprises in Ukraine, by analysing the state and dynamics of shipbuilding enterprises, organizations in the world and in Ukraine, analysing global trends, identifying factors strengthening the competitive position of domestic shipbuilding enterprises and identifying approaches to competitive advantage.Research results. Evaluation of the efficiency of any enterprise in market conditions on the indicators of the level of its competitiveness is the most informative for further management of the development of this enterprise. One of the defining trends in the development of the shipbuilding industry in the world, which is reflected in the activities of domestic shipbuilding companies and forms trends in this area in the coming years, are the restrictions imposed by the effects of the pandemic. Taking into account the current trends, it follows that the bulk of orders can be received by the world's leading shipbuilding centres (see above). There is a question of the level of competitiveness of domestic shipbuilding enterprises in international shipbuilding markets, effective use of their infrastructure, intellectual potential, formation and implementation of strategies to support and develop these areas, development of motivation models to maintain and build existing capacity. The analysis of only 10 of all enterprises and organizations of the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine currently demonstrates the dominant form of doing business, namely in the form of various types of joint stock companies - public, open, closed, which provides certain obligations and possible prospects for using a set of market tools, competitive advantages. Ensuring the required level of competitiveness can be conditioned by the implementation of two main approaches, first, analysis and evaluation of competitors' advantages, which will strengthen their own market position compared to their competitors, and second, analysis and evaluation of consumers, which will allow focusing to meet the needs of consumers and create a positive image of products among customers. The study develops a conceptual scheme of formation of competitive advantages by enterprises and organizations of the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine, formed in four areas - desirable advantages - appropriate strategies - expected results, and measures to effectively coordinate activities and development of shipbuilding through its project management system.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of world and domestic experience of shipbuilding enterprises and organizations, the dynamics of their development, the rationale for the need for certain competitive strategies of targeted action, revealed the mechanism and tools for their implementation, which will strengthen the competitive advantages of shipbuilding enterprises,

International Monetary Fund Riots or Nasserian Revolt? Thinking Fluid Memories: Egypt 1977

AbstractIn recorded memory, the 1977 uprising in Egypt appears as the end of a cycle. Yet, at an international level, it marks the beginning of a wave of protest against International Monetary Fund measures. In this article, I study how communist memories of the uprising, which are the only ones recorded, have built up a disregard for 1977's “immature” insurgents. The article investigates how these narratives can inform us about the history of the uprising and argues that the search for a Cartesian-type collective subject among insurgents limits our understanding of the insurrection. It refers extensively to the Alexandria Arsenal, a state-owned shipbuilding company where the uprising began, and the relationship between this “vanguard” and the rest of the insurgents. It deconstructs the theoretical presupposition of an analogy between insurgents and a Cartesian subject that permeates the sources, and also the concepts of “collective memory” and “moral economy”. This leads inevitably to the diagnosis of a defective subject. It favours the concept of “fluid memory” and highlights other “January 1977s”.

Hazard Identification of Portal Crane In-use & Research on Its Application In a Shipbuilding Company

Fatigue damage is always the main cause of the crane damage. The prediction method of fatigue life take far reaching impact on the design and service life of the crane. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the fatigue life prediction method of crane. In this paper, the existing fatigue life prediction methods are summarized systematically. And the fatigue life research was involved in metal material, mechanics, vibration mechanics, fatigue theory, fracture mechanics and so on, which made a difference between the predicted result and the actual life. The emergence and application of new technologies promote the development of the fatigue life evaluation methods, which could debase the risk of portal crane in use significantly.

The Steamers of the Merchant I.I. Bodalev: the Arguments for the Shipbuilding And His Shipping Company on the Izhevsk Pond

The Steamers of the Merchant I.I. Bodalev: the Arguments for the Shipbuilding And His Shipping Company on the Izhevsk Pond