Shimian County Research Articles

Primulalizipingensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China.

A new species, Primulalizipingensis W.B.Ju, L.Y.He & X.F.Gao, found in Shimian County, Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to P.rhodochroa and P.socialis, but can be distinguished from them in having shorter plants covering with white farinose, leaf margin sharply dentate above the middle, the leaf blade becomes papery after drying, scapes obsolete, the bract linear-lanceolate to subulate, solitary at the base of the pedicel, and the white hairs present inside the corolla tube.

A comprehensive evaluation method for the site selection of new healthcare facilities in geological hazard-prone areas

Healthcare facilities in geological hazard-prone areas not only are responsible for local basic medical services but also are the main provider of hazard emergency rescue work. The selection of their sites is further complicated by the need to consider both the equalization of regional medical services and resource allocation and the impact of geological hazards on site safety. Shimian County in Sichuan Province, a geological disaster-prone area, was chosen as the study area. First, suitability analysis of the construction land was used to determine the site alternatives for new healthcare facilities, and an evaluation index system of construction land suitability consisting of geological hazard susceptibility, slope and aspect was established. Then, the suitability was evaluated by the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the quantitative method of Regular Increasing Monotone (RIM) were used to calculate the criterion weights and order weights in the Ordered Weighted Averaging operator respectively. The suitability results were classified into five levels: high, moderate, average, barely suitable, and unsuitable. Twelve site alternatives were identified in the highly and moderately suitable areas. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation index system consisting of indices such as construction land suitability and medical service accessibility was established, the PROMETHEE II method was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the site alternatives, and ranked results for the 12 site alternatives were obtained. These ranked results were analyzed by subindexes and Graphical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA) to obtain a score for each alternative index and its similarity to the alternative, which could significantly help decision-making. This study achieves reasonable and scientific site selection for healthcare facilities in geological hazard-prone areas, and the results can provide references for relevant decision-makers.

Assessing and mapping human well-being for sustainable development amid drought and flood hazards: Dadu River Basin of China.

Drought and flood are two of the most destructive natural disasters with the most significant impact and greatest losses in the Dadu River basin (DRB). However, their impacts on people's life have not attracted enough attention from scholars. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) describing the drought/flood situation and the Composite Index of Human Well-being (CIHW) are calculated, and a framework is further constructed to assess the impacts of drought and flood disasters on human well-being in the DRB. The results show that the annual and seasonal SPI in the DRB generally exhibit an increasing trend in fluctuations during 2000-2009, indicating a wetting climate in this basin. Overall, the upper reaches of the DRB have experienced an evolution of flood-drought-flood state transition, where the variation amplitude of the SPI in the western sub-basin is greater than that in the eastern sub-basin. In addition, the lower reaches of the DRB have suffered more dramatic and periodic changes from the drought/flood disasters in terms of the SPI. For human well-being during 2000-2019, Maerkang City in the upper reaches, Kangding City in the middle reaches, and Shimian County in the lower reaches of the DRB are at a relatively higher level, with the CIHW decreasing from administrative centers to the around. Moreover, the CIHW over the whole basin increases gradually from 2000 to 2019. The SPI has significantly negative effects on different capitals, following a descending order of financial, social, physical, human and natural capitals. The counties of the basin are divided into four groups, namely the group with high disaster risks and high human well-being, the group with high disaster risks and low human well-being, the group with low disaster risks and high human well-being, and the group with low disaster risks and low human well-being. The panel regression results suggest that the construction of water conservancy facilities, the financial inputs in agriculture and meteorology, and the educational level have positive impacts on human well-being, but the impacts differ from different groups. The construction of water conservancy facilities has highly significant impacts on human well-being in all groups; the education level has no significant impact on the group with high disaster risk and high human well-being, which has not passed the significance test; while the financial inputs in agriculture and meteorology have relatively higher impacts on the whole basin and on the group with low disaster risk and low human well-being compared with other groups. Therefore, it is suggested that the negative impacts of drought and flood disasters can be mitigated through strengthening infrastructure construction, responding appropriately to climate change, avoiding disasters at the source of major projects and improving the disaster prevention and mitigation systems.

Heterogeneous Interseismic Coupling Along the Xianshuihe‐Xiaojiang Fault System, Eastern Tibet

AbstractWe use Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data to quantify the interseismic coupling along the Xianshuihe‐Xiaojiang fault system (XXFS). Our results confirm 7–11 mm/a of left‐lateral strike‐slip motion along the XXFS. South of the Shimian County, high interseismic coupling is found down to 20 km‐depth along the Anninghe‐Zemuhe fault. A second 130 km‐long section, highly coupled down to 10–15 km‐depth, is identified along the northern Xiaojiang fault. North of the Kangding County, the Xianshuihe fault appears to be predominantly creeping at depth. Previously identified long‐lasting surface creep following the 1973 M 7.6 Luhuo earthquake has now ended, possibly marking the initiation of a new period of stress accumulation and progressive relocking of the fault. Farther south along the fault, we identify a ∼30 km‐long section (∼30.2°–30.4°N) creeping at ∼7 mm/yr. Furthermore, creep accelerated by ∼2 mm/yr during the 2008–2014 period, possibly as a result of the static Coulomb failure stress increment induced by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, that occurred ∼200 km northeast of it. The 2014 Mw 5.9 Kangding earthquake occurred along the creeping section at the end of the period of accelerated creep. Finally, taking advantage of the long historical records of past large earthquakes available since 1327, we quantitatively compare the moment budget along the XXFS. Results highlight that along the Anninghe, Zemuhe, and Xiaojiang faults, moment deficit for Mw > 7 earthquakes has now accumulated.

The Direct and Spillover Effect of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on PM2.5 Concentrations: A Case Study from the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration in China.

The Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration (CUA) faces considerable air quality concerns, although the situation has improved in the past 15 years. The driving effects of population, land and economic urbanization on PM2.5 concentrations in the CUA have largely been overlooked in previous studies. The contributions of natural and socio-economic factors to PM2.5 concentrations have been ignored and the spillover effects of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM2.5 concentrations have been underestimated. This study explores the spatial dependence and trend evolution of PM2.5 concentrations in the CUA at the grid and county level, analyzing the direct and spillover effects of multi-dimensional urbanization on PM2.5 concentrations. The results show that the mean PM2.5 concentrations in CUA dropped to 48.05 μg/m3 at an average annual rate of 4.6% from 2000 to 2015; however, in 2015, there were still 91% of areas exposed to pollution risk (>35 μg/m3). The PM2.5 concentrations in 92.98% of the area have slowly decreased but are rising in some areas, such as Shimian County, Xuyong County and Gulin County. The PM2.5 concentrations in this region presented a spatial dependence pattern of “cold spots in the east and hot spots in the west”. Urbanization was not the only factor contributing to PM2.5 concentrations. Commercial trade, building development and atmospheric pressure were found to have significant contributions. The spillover effect of multi-dimensional urbanization was found to be generally stronger than the direct effects and the positive impact of land urbanization on PM2.5 concentrations was stronger than population and economic urbanization. The findings provide support for urban agglomerations such as CUA that are still being cultivated to carry out cross-city joint control strategies of PM2.5 concentrations, also proving that PM2.5 pollution control should not only focus on urban socio-economic development strategies but should be an integration of work optimization in various areas such as population agglomeration, land expansion, economic construction, natural adaptation and socio-economic adjustment.

Flood risk assessment in Ya'an, Sichuan, China based on the emergy theory

Abstract The emergy theory provides a new approach for flood risk assessment from an ecological perspective. By employing the emergy method, we used five indicators (rainfall runoff, medical workers and students per 10,000 people, social fixed assets investment, unit land GDP, and land-use types) from three dimensions (natural environment, population, and social economy) and the GIS technique to assess the potential impact and risk of a flood disaster on different regions in Ya'an City. Our findings revealed regional differences in the distribution of flood risks in Ya'an City: Lushan County and Yucheng District face the highest risks, followed by Tianquan County and Mingshan District, and Shimian County has the lowest risk. The index method was employed to analyze the regional differences. By training a back-propagation neural network with data on flood disasters in the study area, we produced a flood risk distribution map. We found that Mingshan District, Lushan County and Yucheng District have higher risks than other regions. The results largely agree with what we obtained using the emergy method. Our study shows that flood risk assessment based on the emergy theory can provide a scientific basis for flood control and disaster relief initiatives.

Influence of critical acceleration model on assessments of potential earthquake–induced landslide hazards in Shimian County, Sichuan Province, China

Critical acceleration is an inherent property of a slope and determines the slope stability under seismic action. The critical acceleration model is a core element of regional seismic landslide hazard assessment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of different critical acceleration models on assessments of potential earthquake–induced landslide hazards. Traditionally, the Newmark critical acceleration model has commonly been used to evaluate the potential earthquake–induced landslide hazard. This method needs to assume the failure depth of the slope, which leads to an underestimation of the predicted displacement of the seismic landslide. Recently, the prediction equations of critical acceleration based on a parametric study of the limit equilibrium method overcomes the limitation of Newmark critical acceleration model and has been applied to assessments of co-seismic landslide hazards. In this study, we use Newmark critical acceleration model and prediction equations of critical acceleration to obtain the distribution maps of potential earthquake–induced landslide hazard in Shimian County, with peak ground acceleration of 10% and 2% exceeding the probability in 50 years. In addition, the nonlinear effect of site and topographic effects on peak ground acceleration were considered. The results show that Newmark critical acceleration model underestimates the area and value of the predicted displacement, while prediction equations of critical acceleration produces seismic landslides in a wider range of mountainous areas. This indicates that the critical acceleration model has a significant influence on assessments of potential earthquake–induced landslide hazards. In addition, the study not only provides valuable reference for assessment of potential earthquake–induced landslide hazard, emergency response of seismic landslides, and land planning in the study area, it also provides a useful demonstration for the selection of a critical acceleration model in seismic landslide hazard assessments for future researches.

Hazard assessment of a catastrophic mine waste debris flow of Hou Gully, Shimian, China

On July 4, 2013, a substantial disastrous debris flow occurred in the Hou Gully in Shimian County, China. The Hou gully belongs to mine waste debris flow, which seriously threatens a large number of traffic facilities, factories, farmland, and residents located in the accumulation area. This paper took the Hou gully as an example and aimed to describe a typical mine waste debris flow, analyze the formation conditions, calculate the static and dynamic parameters, simulate the movement process, and evaluate the hazard. Distribution characteristics of slag were interpreted using the method of remote sensing and field investigation. FLO-2D model was chosen to simulate the movement process of debris flow in Hou gully under different recurrence period. According to the maximum momentum and maximum accumulation depth obtained by numerical calculation, the classification standard of intensity was established for mine waste debris flow. The occurrence probability and intensity of mine waste debris flow as critical factors to classify the hazard of Hou gully. The study process of this paper are conducive to a better understanding of the formation condition, movement characteristic, and hazard scope of mine waste debris flows induced by intensive rainfall. The hazard assessment map of Hou gully can provide a scientific basis for reconstruction and mitigation projects in the future.

Effects of Different Concentrations of Methyl Jasmonate on Fruit Quality of Citrus Huangguogan

In this study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was sprayed on the fruits of Huangguogan in shimian county in two different ways (whole tree spraying and fruit spraying) to study the effect of MeJA on the postharvest quality of the fruits of Huangguogan. The consequence showed that, compared with check (CK), each treatment could improve the fruit quality, 10 μmol·L-1MeJAspayed on Huangguoganperformed best. It significantly increased the sugar content, Vc content, total soluble solid (TSS in short) content and the sugar acid ratio of the Huangguogan, meanwhile decreased the content of titratable acid. These consequences indicated that preharvest MeJA treatment could improve the fruit quality of Huangguogan.

Risk Assessment of Debris Flow in Ya’an City Based on BP Neural Network

Since the occurrence of debris flow hazards is related to many factors, this paper selects five evaluation indicators: rainfall, lithology level, slope gradient, undulation degree and distance from faultages based on the three scopes of geomorphology, meteorology and geology. In this paper, the data extracted from the occurrence point of historical debris flow disaster is used, and BP neural network is used for training, then the weights of evaluation indicators are obtained. Finally, the GIS software is used to superimpose and analyze these indicators, and the risk of debris flow in Ya’an city is divided into five levels, thus the danger distribution map of debris flow in Ya’an city is obtained. And the map is compared with historical debris flow disaster occurrence points, the results show that, three districts of Tiancheng County, Lushan County and Baoxing County have the highest overall risk; the overall risk of Yingjing County, Yucheng District and Shimian County is high; and the overall risk of Hanyuan County and Mingshan District is relatively low. The evaluation results reflect the actual situation of the spatial distribution of debris flow in Ya’an city, which can provide a scientific basis for the development of reasonable flood control and disaster against planning in Ya’an city.

Effects of Chelated Iron on Roots under Different Mulching Materials on Fruit Quality of Huangguogan

In this experiment, Huangguogan in Shimian County was selected as the experimental material, and the effects of different treatments on the fruit quality of Huangguogan were studied by mulching treatments with black film, straw, horticultural cloth and river sand. The results of this study showed that the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials could significantly improve the fruit quality, and the application of chelated iron to the roots under different mulching materials had different effects on fruit quality. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest single fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameters, while CK had the lowest one. The four mulching treatments all increased the contents of total soluble solids, soluble sugar and sucrose. The river sand mulching treatment had the highest contents, which were 13.96%, 13.09 and 6.93 g.100 mL-1, respectively. There were significant differences in the titratable acid, vitamins C and sugar-acid ratio between the different mulching treatments, and the river sand mulching treatment had the highest effect. In general, the river sand mulching treatment had the best effect on promoting fruit quality, and plastic film mulching treatment had the worst effect.

基于地理探测器的岷江中下游地区植被NPP时空格局演变及其驱动力研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于地理探测器的岷江中下游地区植被NPP时空格局演变及其驱动力研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201809131971 作者: 作者单位: 四川师范大学西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室,四川师范大学西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室,四川师范大学西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41371125）；教育部规划基金项目（18XJA630005）；四川省社科项目（SC18B095） The spatial and temporal pattern evolution of vegetation NPP and its driving forces in middle-lower areas of the Min river based on geographical detector analyses Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Normal University,Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Normal University,Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:植被净初级生产力作为反映植被生态系统对气候变化响应的重要指标，是长期以来备受世界各国关注的焦点问题。论文以岷江中下游地区为研究区域，基于2000-2015年MODIS NPP数据，结合同年期海拔、气温、降水、土地利用类型等，运用地理探测器等模型方法，诊断植被NPP分布的主要驱动力，并揭示了不同时段的驱动力决定力的变化。结果表明：（1）2000-2015年岷江中下游植被NPP平均值为513.93gC/m2；植被年均NPP最大值出现在2000年石棉县北部硗碛藏族乡的林地分布区，为1876gC/m2，最小值出现在2005年五通桥区中部竹根镇的平原旱地分布区，最小值为26.98gC/m2；植被NPP具有较强的时空分异性，NPP总量变化除了受NPP强度影响外，植被覆盖总面积是其另外主要的影响因素。（2）影响植被NPP分布的主导因素包括气温、海拔、土地利用等，各因素对NPP分布的决定力存在明显差异。（3）不同时间植被NPP空间分布的驱动力存在明显差异，主要表现在其变化受人类扰动的影响越来越强烈。刻画岷江中下游植被NPP时空演变，并揭示其主要驱动力，可为研究区生态安全预警和生态补偿提供数据支撑和辅助决策。 Abstract:Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is considered a key factor of ecological responses to climate change, so it has long aroused attention from countries around the world. Using the middle-lower Area of the Min river as the study area, the Geodetector model was applied based on MODIS NPP products from 2000 to 2015, as well as annual altitude, temperature, precipitation, and land use date in the same period to diagnose the dominant factors of spatial distribution of vegetation NPP change and reveal the different time changes of driving forces determining vegetation NPP differentiation. The results showed that 1) The average annual NPP for the middle-lower Area of the Min river was 513.93 gC/m2 from 2000 to 2015. The maximum and minimum values (1876 gC/m2 and 26.98 gC/m) observed in 2000 in the Qiaoqi Tibetan township north of Shimian county and 2005 in the plain dryland distribution area of Zhugen Town in the middle of Wutongqiao showed a strong spatiotemporal variability in the middle-lower Area of the Min river. In addition to the NPP intensity, the total area covered by vegetation was the other major influencing factor. 2) The dominant factors affecting vegetation NPP spatial distribution included temperature, altitude, and land use, and their power determinant value to NPP incidence differentiation. 3) These factors affect the changes in vegetation NPP from different perspectives and their driving forces differ over the years. The changes in vegetation NPP mainly presented more and more concerned by human disturbances. On the contrary, it is weakened by natural factors. Spatiotemporal changes of NPP and its driving forces were revealed. The findings provided the data and assistant decision-making for the government to formulate policies regarding ecological security alarm and ecological compensation. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Dahonggou Creek virus, a divergent lineage of hantavirus harbored by the long-tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus).

Novel hantaviruses, recently detected in moles (order Eulipotyphla, family Talpidae) from Europe, Asia, and North America would predict a broader host range and wider ecological diversity. Employing RT-PCR, archival frozen tissues from the Chinese shrew mole (Uropsilus soricipes), broad-footed mole (Scapanus latimanus), coast mole (Scapanus orarius), Townsend’s mole (Scapanus townsendii), and long-tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus) were analyzed for hantavirus RNA. Following multiple attempts, a previously unrecognized hantavirus, designated Dahonggou Creek virus (DHCV), was detected in a long-tailed mole, captured in Shimian County, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, in August 1989. Analyses of a 1058-nucleotide region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-encoding L segment indicated that DHCV was genetically distinct from other rodent-, shrew-, mole-, and bat-borne hantaviruses. Phylogenetic trees, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that DHCV represented a divergent lineage comprising crocidurine and myosoricine shrew-borne hantaviruses. Although efforts to obtain the S- and M-genomic segments failed, the L-segment sequence analysis, reported here, expands the genetic database of non-rodent-borne hantaviruses. Also, by further mining natural history collections of archival specimens, the genetic diversity of hantaviruses will elucidate their evolutionary origins.

Characteristics and Causes of Disastrous Debris Flows on July 4, 2013, in Shimian County, Sichuan, China

Debris flow is an abrupt phenomenon of earth surface movement and typical disaster in mountainous areas with steep terrace, quantity of loose soil and abundant surface runoff. Intense rainfall and rainstorm easily triggered debris flows and generated huge losses. The disastrous debris flows, on July 4, 2013 at the gullies of Hou, Heilinzi and Xiongjia in Shimian County, Sichuan Province, resulted in 18 casualties and endangering Shimian city with a population of 50,000. These debris flows were characterized by low viscosity with only 0.9% - 1.4% clay soil of less than 0.05mm, density of 1.77 - 1.84 t/m3, velocity of 4.4 - 13.5m/s and discharge of 827 - 1248 m3/s, respectively, and also delivered sediment of 16.8 × 104m3, 12.7 - 13.5 × 104 m3, 20.5 × 104m3 out of the outlet, respectively. These three events all generated a hazard chain, which involved in flash flood, channelized debris flow, dammed lake and outburst flood. The threshold conditions of debris flow blocking Nanya River and forming this hazard chain are that the unit width peak discharge and the deposition volume in river channel are more than 37.0 m3/s and 4500 m3, respectively. These debris flows were initiated by intense rainfall with the antecedent rainfall of over 52 mm and triggering rainstorm of over 36 mm/h. And, the property losses and casualties mainly originated from impacting and scouring, burying and blocking, highway destructing and river channel rising. The irrational location of constructions and the destruction of under-standard prevention constructions were responsible for loss worsening. It was strongly recommended for mitigating that hazards reassessment, integrated control, emergency plan and integrated risk management were made at mountainous urban areas, especially in high-hazard areas.

Social vulnerability assessment of geological hazards based on entropy method in Lushan earthquake-stricken area

The geological disasters that occurred frequently following the Lushan earthquake affected the resilience of people living in the affected areas. This study selected 21 counties (county-level cities and districts) in Lushan earthquake-stricken area as the research object. Eight indices extracted from remote sensing image data, statistical data, and field investigations are used as analysis indicators. The eight indices are population density, building coverage, road density, number of hospitals per 10,000 persons, number of welfare institutes per 10,000 persons, number of villager committees per 10,000 persons, mobile users’ proportion at year’s end, and number of schools per 10,000 persons. Using Excel and ArcGIS software, the assessment based on entropy value method comprehensively evaluates the social vulnerability to geological hazards of 21 counties. The social vulnerability of study area is divided into five stages (from lowest to highest): areas with the lowest social vulnerability, namely Shimian County and Kangding County; areas with the low social vulnerability, namely Ebian Yi Autonomous County, Tianquan County, Jinkouhe District, Yingjing County, Luding County, and Baoxing County; areas with medium social vulnerability, which are Hongya County, Hanyuan County, Ganluo County, and Lushan County; areas with high social vulnerability, namely Dayi County, Yucheng District, and Emeishan City; and areas with the highest social vulnerability which are Pujiang County, Mingshan County, Qionglai City, Dongpo District, Danling County, and Jiajiang County. The classification of the results can serve as a guide to disaster resilience planning and reconstruction in relation to geological hazards.

Impatiens shimianensissp. nov. (Balsaminaceae) from Sichuan, China

Impatiens shimianensis Q. Luo (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Shimian county in southwestern Sichuan province, China, is reported and its morphological characteristics are described and illustrated. Pollen grain morphology and seeds under SEM are also described. The new species is somewhat similar to I. bahanensis, I. brachycentra, I. laxiflora, I. parviflora and I. racemosa, but differs mainly by having leaf blades with white short stiff adpressed hairs; basal lobes of lateral united petals triangular, distal lobes lanceolate; and lower sepal salver-shaped. The distinguishing characters for these six Impatiens species are given in a table.

Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 4 July 2013 rainfall in Shimian, SW China: formation mechanism, disaster characteristics and the lessons learned

On 4 July 2013, three catastrophic debris flows occurred in the Hougou, Majingzi, and Xiongjia gullies in Shimian county and produced debris dams and river blockages, resulting in serious casualties and huge economic loss. Though debris flows have been identified prior to the catastrophic events, their magnitudes and destructive power were far beyond early recognition and hazard assessment. Our primary objective for this study was to explore the formation mechanism and typical characteristics and to summarize the lessons learned from these disastrous events in order to avoid the repeat of such disasters in the future. Based on field investigation and imagery interpretation of remote sensing carried out following the catastrophic events, four conclusions were drawn: (1) The catastrophic debris flows were initiated from surface-water runoff, and the triggering factor was attributed to the local intensive rainfall with an hourly intensity of more than 46.7 mm. (2) Entrainment was the most important sediment-supplying method for the debris flow occurrence, and the source materials transported by debris flows from the three gullies were estimated to be about 97 × 104 m3 in volume altogether. (3) As surface-water runoff eroded and entrained hillslope and channel materials persistently, debris flows were characterized by intensive incision at upper or middle reaches and significant magnification effect in flow discharge and volume downstream. Corresponding peak discharge surveyed at the outlets of the Hougou, Majingzi, and Xiongjia gullies was estimated up to 751.0 m3/s, 870.1 m3/s, and 758.7 m3/s, respectively. (4) Debris flows that occurred from the three gullies all belonged to viscous ones and the bulk densities were calculated more than 1.80 g/cm3, indicating a huge carrying capacity and destructive impacting power. In addition, the lessons learned from the catastrophic events were summarized, including recognition and assessment on debris flow hazard and utilization of deposition fan. In this paper, prevention suggestions on debris flow prone valleys with high-vegetation coverage and low occurrence frequency were also put forward. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding on the initiation mechanism, dynamic characteristics, and disaster mitigation of debris flows initiated from intense rainfall and surface-water runoff in mountainous areas.

A viewpoint of environment concerned therapy through exploring the body constitute distribution of Shimian county

Objective To investigate the difference of TCM body constitution betweenpeople of the Shimian county and Chengdu city. Methods 200 sub-health patients in clinic of Shimian TCM Hospital were selected randomly. Another 200 sub-health patients in clinic of the Second Sichuan Province Hospital of TCM wererandomly selected. The two groups were identified with TCM body constitution based on the clinical symptoms, tongue, pulse condition, etc. Comparisons on body constitution were made between the two groups. Results In Chengdu, patients withbalance constitution and Qi deficiency constitution （respectively have the proportion of 33.0% and 20.0%）were significantly higher than thoseof Shimian County（the proportion of the two wererespectively 4.0% and 6.0%）;while Shimian County have a significantly higher ratio of phlegm dampness and blood stasis constitution（43.5% and 13.0%）than those in Chengdu city（the proportion of the two wererespectively 8.0%and 4.0%）, P〈0.01. Conclusion Because of different regions, the population constitution ratio wasdifferent, so the disease tendency wasalso somewhat different. Therefore, physicians should give full consideration to the regional factors in diagnosing and treating patients. Key words: TCM constitution; Environment concerned therapy; Phlegm dampness constitution

Impatiens menghuochengensis sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae) from Sichuan, China

Impatiens menghuochengensis Q Luo. (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Shimian county in southwestern Sichuan province, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to I. tortisepala J. D. Hooker, but differs in having stem unbranched in lower portion; lateral sepals transparent, obliquely ovate; dorsal petal with central columnar cristate swelling; lateral united petals with distal lobes oblong‐dolabriform, apically retuse; lower sepal saccate with purple–red veins, abruptly narrowed at belly into an incurved spur 20–25 mm. The morphological characteristics and surface patterning of the seeds and pollen of the new species are examined under SEM and compared with those of I. tortisepala.

Study on the path of comprehensive reform and development of the People's Hospital of Shimian County.

The People's Hospital of Shimian County is located in the underdeveloped agricultural county of western China with a population of 120,000. In light of the region's geographic location and cultural characteristics, the hospital has laid out a development strategy of becoming a regional healthcare service center-in Shimian and extends services to surrounding regions. Its reform process would start with the overhaul of the personnel system to rejuvenate the hospital's internal operation, and then move towards more comprehensive reforms on corporate governance structure and trans-regional integration of medical resources. On the basis of constructing a digital hospital, we would build an information platform to explore the 'Shimian model' of information-based healthcare reform through regional medical coordination and whole-sector oversight. An appropriate strategy and development roadmap, comprehensively internal and external reforms and persistent culture building, as well as the use of information technology will help put the hospital onto a track of fast and healthy development and in the right direction of healthcare reform that accords with our national circumstances. This article makes a review, summary and analysis of the process and further discusses about how to overhaul the healthcare system through reform and development.