Shifts In Social Relations Research Articles

Cosmopolitanism Represented in Ocean's Eleven Movie Script

Globalization has become a primary concern today, leading to significant shifts in social relations and making various global issues more visible. It is characterized by conditions where one can move easily from one place to another. Thus, it blurs the meaning of one's identity and citizenship. Hence, this research uses a structuralist approach and cosmopolitanism. The object of this research is Ocean's Eleven movie script which contains similar issues. The aim is to discover how cosmopolitanism is represented in Ocean's Eleven movie script and to find what kinds of cosmopolitanism are experienced by Ocean's Eleven characters. The researcher used the structuralism approach, Stuart Hall's concept of representation, cosmopolitan identity, and imaginative cosmopolitanism. Then by applying literary criticism, the researcher found that the representation of cosmopolitanism in Ocean's Eleven movie script is shown through character, dialogue, and narration. In addition, the cosmopolitanism shown by the characters of Ocean's Eleven is included in cultural cosmopolitanism. Based on the results, this research can be used as a model for further researchers in finding cosmopolitanism issues in literary works.

The process of developing distributed-efficacy and social practice in the context of ‘ending AIDS’

Introduction: this article reflects on data that emanated from a programme evaluation and focuses on a concept we label ‘distributed-efficacy’. We argue that the process of developing and sustaining ‘distributed-efficacy’ is complex and indeterminate, thus difficult to manage or predict. We situate the discussion within the context of UNAIDS’ recent strategy — Vision 95:95:95 — to ‘end AIDS’ by 2030 which the South African National Department of Health is currently rolling out across the country.Method: A qualitative method was applied. It included a Value Network Analysis, the Most Significant Change technique and a thematic content analysis of factors associated with a ‘competent community’ model. During the analysis it was noticed that there were unexpected references to a shift in social relations. This prompted a re-analysis of the narrative findings using a second thematic content analysis that focused on factors associated with complexity science, the environmental sciences and shifts is social relations.Findings: the efficacy associated with new social practices relating to HIV risk-reduction was distributed amongst networks that included mother—son networks and participant—facilitator networks and included a shift in social relations within these networks.Discussion: it is suggested that for new social practices to emerge requires the establishment of ‘distributed-efficacy’ which facilitates localised social sanctioning, sometimes including shifts in social relations, and this process is a ‘complex’, dialectical interplay between ‘agency’ and ‘structure’.Conclusion: the ambition of ‘ending AIDS’ by 2030 represents a compressed timeframe that will require the uptake of multiple new bio-social practises. This will involve many nonlinear, complex challenges and the process of developing ‘distributed-efficacy’ could play a role in this process. Further research into the factors we identified as being associated with ‘distributed-efficacy’ — relationships, modes of agency and shifts in social relations — could add value to achieving Vision 95:95:95.

Monitoring Shifts in Social Relations Among Chronically Ill Mexican Americans as a Culturally Sensitive Indicator of Depression

Chronically ill patients commonly suffer from comorbid depression that negatively influences disease trajectories, reduces patients' quality of life, and renders them less able to cope with the challenges of daily living. Among Hispanic primary care patients, depression is often not detected until severe. According to promotoras (de salud), who are female community health workers working with Mexican American patients with diabetes in Southern Arizona, depression is commonly undiagnosed in their communities.

Economic Economic Choices of a Nomadic and Isolated Work Force: Shifts in Social Relations

Previous research has shown that individuals’ social and life- shaping choices are socially determined. The purpose of this paper is to study whether these choices are associated with individuals’ work settings, particularly when the work settings are nomadic and isolated. The paper argues that nomadic and isolated work settings cause individuals to become socially detached from traditional and family-based relations, and thereby change their social and life-shaping choices. In particular, the paper investigates the location choice of a sample of former mariners (who represent the individuals exposed to the nomadic and isolated work force), and a matched sample of traditional workers. Empirically, the paper provides evidence suggesting that a nomadic and isolated work force relies to a lesser extent than other workers on traditional and family-based social relations when making choices. Furthermore, the paper indicates that workers coming from nomadic and isolated settings choose to locate close to their ...

Exploring Sociocultural Perspectives on Race, Culture, and Learning

This article explores the potential uses and extensions of sociocultural theoretical perspectives for integrating and further developing research on race, culture, and learning. Two bodies of literature are discussed and synthesized: (1) sociocultural theory and (2) studies on race, culture, and learning. The article proposes how a sociocultural lens might provide insight and suggests new lines of research on issues of race, culture, and learning. The authors argue for the extension of each of four lines of research in the sociocultural tradition: a concern with multiple levels of analysis, cultural practices as a unit of analysis, tools and artifacts as mediating action, and learning as shifts in social relations. In doing so, the authors raise critical questions for the field of education to consider.

The New American School: preparation for post‐industrial discipline

In this article we consider how broad shifts in social relations over the past 30 years have given rise to new social control regimes in US public schools. We argue that the contemporary mechanisms of control engendered by mass incarceration and post‐industrialization have re‐shaped school discipline. To illustrate contemporary discipline in the ‘New American School,’ we discuss the emergence of police officers and technological surveillance in schools. These two strategies of school social control facilitate the link between courts and schools, and expose students to both the salience of crime control in everyday life and to the demands of workers in a post‐industrial world. By incorporating police officers and technological surveillance into the school safety regime, schools shape the experiences of students in ways that reflect modern relationships of dependency, inequality, and instability vis‐à‐vis the contemporary power dynamics of the post‐industrialist labor market and the neoliberal state.

Rewriting the village: geographies of food and belonging in Clovelly, Australia

This essay focuses on intersecting meanings of food and femininity, place and time, as an excavation of their ‘secret geographies’. Drawing on women’s narratives of mundane rituals and practices associated with food shopping, cooking, eating and ‘eating out’, the article traces moments of looking backwards and of looking forwards towards remembered and imagined landscapes of consumption. In the process, the ‘village’ of Burnie Street, Clovelly (a beachside suburb in Sydney, Australia) becomes a spatial metaphor for examples of ‘local’ changes in domestic food cultures and their material structures since the mid-1940s. This image of the village also allows the argument to chart some intriguing shifts in social relations (particularly of gender, class and ethnicity). The article concludes that useful public narratives for tracing geographies of the urban are not necessarily to be found in attempts to rework the past or the present in mythic terms, as either bad times or good. Instead, subtle rewritings of the village vested in everyday belongings hint at more productive analytical directions.

The Anonymous Old English Legend of the Seven Sleepers , and: Ælfric's Prefaces (review)

Reviews 213 regional shifts. H e concludes that in Denmark regions specialised in different products, predominantly live steers and grain; that there was a division of labour between the nobles and the peasants in the production of these goods in which both profited even though the greatest benefit accrued to king and noble. In Bothnia, however, the terms of trade moved against the region in the sixteenth century which led to a return to self-sufficiency not reversed until from 1610 onwards renewed demand for pitch and tar led to widespread changes in the commercial structure and the establishment of towns. While other regions had somewhat different experiences, the two studied, in Dr Maarbjerg's view, represent the extremes within which the others fall. Dr Maarbjerg's study is based on a painstaking analysis of numerical data drawn from the central archives of Denmark, Sweden and Finland. He has been able to reconstruct the differing fortunes of the peasant, merchant and noble classes and to offer at least a partial explanation for the shifts in social relations. While the presentation is pedestrian, the argument is clear and well sustained. Sybil M . Jack Department of History University of Sydney Magennis, Hugh, ed., The Anonymous Old English Legend of the Seven Sleepers (Durham Medieval Texts 7), Durham, Durham Medieval Texts, Department of English Studies, University of Durham, 1994; paper; pp. iv, 128; R.R.P. £4.00. Wilcox, Jonathan, ed., /Elfric's Prefaces (Durham Medieval Texts, Number 9), Durham, Durham Medieval Texts, Department of English Studies, University of Durham, 1994; paper; pp. viii, 202; R.R.P. £7.00. These books are useful additions to the Durham Medieval Texts series, which has supplied accessible editions of texts in Old and Middle English and Old Norse since 1978. The series, which appears to beflourishing,with the publication of five new volumes between 1993 and 1995, is designed primarily to provide texts and apparatus for the use of students. Within this frame of reference, however, volumes may serve different levels and purposes, as a comparison of the books under review demonstrates. The legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, rooted in myth and folklore, may have originated in a Greek version close to the time of the events it describes as a Christianised adaptation of legendary material 214 Reviews carefully developed for doctrinal purpose: namely, to reinforce the dogma of the resurrection of the body. The legend isfirstattested in Syriac narratives of the late-fifth or early-sixth centuries, and became widely disseminated throughout the Near East and Europe. The anonymous Old English homily, like the independent short account by iElfric, derives from a Latin version (L), based on a Greek narrative, which is one of two major Latin sources for European versions; the other is Gregory of Tours' Passio Septem Dormientium. The anonymous homily is preserved in the principal manuscript of Mine's Lives of Saints, B L Cotton Julius E.vii (J), and fragmentarily in another £ilfrician collection, along with other non-jElfrician lives of saints, Cotton Otho B.x (O). In Skeat's edition (JElfric's Lives of Saints, Early English Text Society O.S. 76, 82, 94, 114. London, 1881-1900) the work is presented as jElfric's own. O n stylistic and linguistic grounds, however, it has been recognised as another writer's. Magennis's edition is the first published to treat the text in its ownright,though R. J. Alexander edited the text in his unpublished dissertation: 'A Critical Edition of the Old English Seven Sleepers Homily,' (University of Wisconsin, 1973). With its detailed introduction and apparatus Magennis's will no doubt prove to be the standard edition for some time to come. Magennis's Introduction begins with consideration of the origins and development of the legend of the Seven Sleepers, the manuscript context of the Old English version, and the source (L) identified by P. M . Huber (Die Wanderlegende von den Siebenschlafern: Eine Literargeschichtliche Untersuchung. Leipzig, 1910). Magennis further refines Huber's work by identifying manuscripts of L whose Latin most nearly mirrors the translator's source. In an appendix he prints the text of one of four such manuscripts (BL, Egerton 2797: an eleventh-century manuscript...