Shift Of Economic Activity Research Articles

Changing Britain through the frame of snooker

This paper considers snooker’s rise to popularity, and its relative decline, through the frame of recent British social history. The paper situates an ostensible decline in snooker spectatorship and a demonstrable decline in participation across the UK, against a backdrop of shifts in economic activity, class structure, cultures of masculinity and urban space. Drawing on theories of gender, class, subculture, media and critical urbanism, the paper argues that a sociological frame lends a lot to understanding snooker in the UK. At the same time, it argues that the frame of snooker might also lend a lot to a sociological understanding of industrial, and later, post-industrial Britain.

Transition from Trading to Mining: Representation of the Borneo Environmental History in Conrad's Malay Archipelago

The Indonesian government’s development of Nusantara as the next national capital (IKN) has drawn significant attention to the extensive extractive activities along the East Coast of Kalimantan in East Kalimantan Province. There have been fourty-two fatalities in the past twelve years due to communities living in close proximity with numerous abandoned coal mining pits in the area. This study investigates the emergence of an economy focused on extracting natural resources on the East Coast of Kalimantan during the 19th century, as documented by Joseph Conrad, an English author from the Victorian era. Data analysis utilises an environmental history methodology. More precisely, researchers employ the New Historicist approach to juxtapose data extracted from literary texts with historical documents, thus yielding a thorough comprehension of the alterations in the environment during the latter part of the 19th century. The findings of this study indicate that the shifts in economic activity that occurred in the stipulated time period were primarily driven by the transition from trading forest products to mining for coal and gold. The shift in economic activity resulting from global market demand has had a significant impact on environmental changes in this region, especially along the East Coast of Kalimantan and this impact continues to the present day.

Unraveling the environmental consequences of trade openness in South Africa: a novel approach using ARDL modeling

Abstract Free trade and environmental sustainability are currently top economic and environmental research priorities. While numerous theories connect trade openness with environmental quality, empirical evidence often fails to support these claims. Using data spanning from 1980 to 2020, our study examines the effect of trade openness on CO2 emissions in South Africa. By employing a novel ARDL modeling framework, our analysis confirms the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in South Africa. Our findings reveal that while GDP square enhances environmental quality, trade openness and economic growth have a degrading effect over time. Additionally, the study identifies that energy consumption, FDI, and value-added activities all contribute to environmental degradation. Findings also highlights the influence of institutional quality on the environment, demonstrating that political stability and control of corruption lead to increased CO2 emissions, while the rule of law reduces CO2 emissions. The research suggested that the potential of green economies should be leveraged in developing renewable energy, sustainable development, the recycling industry, and green financing sectors. A shift in economic activity in this direction will thus foster long-term economic growth and sustainable development.

Urbanization and its Consequences to the Settlement Carrying Capacity in Ambarawa Urban Area, Semarang Regency

Urbanization has become prominent discourse around the world in the last decade. Rapid urbanization will encourage economic growth, but on the other hand, it can be detrimental if it affects the carrying capacity of the environment in supporting settlements. Therefore, development must also ensure the protection of our environment. The Ambarawa is an example of an urban area that continues to experience development and requires land to support its settlements. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the extend of urbanization phenomenon and settlement carrying capacity in Ambarawa. Narrative and spatial analysis in a time series are used to explain the urbanization process in the Ambarawa and how it related to the carrying capacity of the area. The result shows that the urbanization that occurred in Ambarawa can be seen from the development of settlements, shifts in economic activity, and also affecting the carrying capacity of settlements. It is predicted that Ambarawa still can accommodate more residential areas, but several sub-districts/villages need more attention because they have exceeded the carrying capacity of their settlements, namely in Bejalen and Pasekan. It is expected that this paper could become a recommendation for future spatial and population planning in the Ambarawa and Semarang Regency.

Firm migrations in the United States: magnitude and trends

Population statistical programs such as the American Community Survey and Current Population Survey provide statistics on internal migration and geographic mobility within the United States. Although these statistics are a useful proxy for internal shifts in economic activity, they leave unanswered questions on business migrations: What types of businesses move? Where are they going? And where did they come from? This article is an initial attempt to fill these data gaps by using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics longitudinal Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program. We measure the magnitude of business migration across regions and highlight the characteristics of those businesses. We will show how business migration has trended over time, in what specific industries and regions migrant businesses are concentrated, and how their employment and wages compare with the rest of the economy.

THE PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF LOGISTICS FLOWS IN THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY

It is known that the reformatting of logistics has become a key challenge for Ukrainian enterprises. It is outlined the main logistical problems during wars, which include refusal to accumulate, change in storage conditions, difficulties with purchase of goods, complication of logistics operations. It is considered the logistical activities of the private enterprise “Husiatyn furniture factory “Elegant” (Ternopil region, Chortkivskyi district), in particular, a change of logistics chain supplying of the main raw material, upholstery fabric for furniture, since February 24, 2022. The efficiency of replenishment is characterized of the company’s car fleet in connection with the purchase of a cargo vehicle of a DAF car for the delivery of own products, primarily to the eastern and southern regions. The sales activity of the furniture factory “Elegant” was monitored in the section of three zones: West, Center and South. It is determined the sales share of each region in the total volume of sales of the furniture enterprise for the period from 2016 to 2021. It was established that the leading positions from the implemented sales belong to the Western region (46%) due to geographic location of the furniture factory. It was found that during the analyzed period, all the IV quarter of the year is the most effective in the regions. Such dynamics are inherent not only furniture companies. New Year and Christmas are the most favourite holidays for Ukrainians, but they are “hottest” time for shopping in Ukraine. Furniture products are not an exception. Just to prepare for the celebration of the New Year and Christmas consumers spend a significant part of the funds. It is analyzed the work of the Husiatyn furniture factory on a monthly basis since the beginning of the Russian invasion on the territory of our state. It is determined the critical periods and positive shifts in economic activity of a furniture company. After comparing the volume indicators sale of furniture products in physical and value terms according to similar months in January – September 2021 and 2022, we draw the conclusions about a real picture of the work of the furniture enterprise today

Decomposing the Decline of Unions: Revisiting Sectoral and Regional Shifts

This study uses newly disaggregated National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) election data to revisit the theory that sectoral and regional shifts in economic activity contributed substantially to private-sector union decline in the United States. Unlike most studies, which focus on differential employment growth among union and non-union establishments, this article focuses on how such shifts may have affected organizational rates themselves. Improved data permit a shift-share decomposition that indicates that approximately 40% of the decline in union elections is in response to sectoral shifts, the majority attributable to changes within each sector. Moreover, in an update to Dickens and Leonard’s 1985 study, the author shows that declining organization rates since 1980 are responsible for a decline in union density of 5.4 percentage points.

Implications of COVID-19 for future travel behaviour in the rural periphery

BackgroundThe design, management and operation of transport systems is a complex activity and this has only been exacerbated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Concern has been raised over the likelihood of the public transport sector surviving in some locations given the significant drops in patronage; this is especially so in rural environments where the existing provision was already limited. Furthermore, within the growing literature on the impact of COVID-19 on travel behaviour most of the focus is on urban areas with little documented experience of how rural travel behaviour has been impacted.PurposeThis paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 on the transport sector and travel behaviour in the rural periphery.MethodsDrawing on the work of the International Transport Forum (ITF) Working Group on Innovative Mobility for the Periphery, augmented by additional evidence and findings from the literature, this paper addresses three specific questions: Firstly, how COVID-19 has affected rural mobility. Secondly, how we can plan for sustainable rural transport solutions in the post-COVID world. Thirdly, the longer-term impacts of COVID-19 with implications for mobility.ResultsThere will be substantial impacts from COVID-19 on rural societies and while the short-term impacts have been negative, in the longer-term there may be opportunity for changed mobility behaviours (including in response to modified work and activity patterns). Evidence suggests that it would seem likely that there are opportunities to foster new rural mobility solutions to support sustainable mobility (including Mobility-as-a-Service) and counter the traditionally fragmented transport base; this will be important as we learn to live with COVID-19.ConclusionsWhile recognising the impact of changing funding priorities and the possible shift in economic activity as a result of the pandemic we conclude with suggestions for future rural transport policy.

The Arndale Property Company and the Transformation of Urban Britain, 1950–2000

AbstractThis article tracks the remarkable role played by a commercial property developer, the Arndale Property Company, in the transformation of urban Britain across the second half of the twentieth century. This was an era of great change in cities, as urban environments were remodeled and urban centers had to adapt to deindustrialization and the rise of a consumer-driven and service-dominated economy. Arndale was at the forefront of these changes, installing dozens of shopping centers in British towns and cities from the 1950s to the 1990s. The company imported American-inspired commercial architectures, furnishing cities with new landscapes of consumption and mass leisure through which the affluent society was encountered and made concrete. Arndale was also a driving force in the growing financialization of urban property development that began in Britain as early as the 1950s and gathered pace as the century wore on. The company's history thus illuminates important shifts in economic activity and cultural life that had far-reaching impacts on British cities and society. It also highlights Arndale's role at the heart of the postwar urban renewal order, showing how far the company's success depended on its status as a favored partner to public planning authorities pursuing town center redevelopment. The centrality of such public-private developmental partnerships, often overlooked, particularly within adjacent urban disciplines, reveals much about the precise contours and political economy of the British postwar settlement.

Active mobility in historical centres: towards an accessible and competitive city

The state of abandonment which historical districts have experienced from the second post-war period is rooted in the inadequacy of urban services, the lower level of accessibility, the lack of green urban areas and the shift of economic activities in the suburbs. Urban regeneration, since the mid-1990s, has been promoted to enhance and improve these areas by considering their vocations and opportunities. It has the aim to protect and renew existing heritage, as well as intervene in multiple dimensions of urban systems. Given this multidimensional nature, we considered walkability as a driver of the quality and attractiveness of urban areas. Throughout the redevelopment of pedestrian paths, it is possible to enhance the connectivity among houses, services, public facilities and green spaces, valuing built heritage and promoting active and sustainable mobility, synonymous with wellbeing and social inclusion. Numerous studies demonstrated how active mobility measures improve health conditions, citizens’ and city users’ opportunities, and even safety perception and attractiveness of historic city centers. This study aims to deepen the role of active mobility measures in the definition of accessibility and the redevelopment of historical districts characterized by economic and social marginality, furthermore analyzing the competitive spill-over. To this end, we identified and classified in a matrix active mobility measures, resulting from the study and comparison of the latest strategies and best practices, related to physical, economic, social and functional features of historic districts. Finally, the study proposes the application to a material case, Pizzofalcone, a significant area of the city of Naples, due to the lack of integration with the rest of the historic city center, despite its centrality, and the economic and social marginality despite the historical and architectural value of urban fabric, landscape and cultural heritage.

ANALISIS PERGESERAN KEGIATAN EKONOMI JAWA TIMUR MELALUI PENGUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL

The purpose of this study is to analyze economic performance by sector through analysis of the basic and non-basic sectors, as well as to see the shifts in economic activities that have occurred in the East Java region. The research method is carried out with a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data types, obtained on the information of a second party as a competent data provider. The analysis technique used is location quetiont (lq) analysis and descriptive qualitative approach as a method in determining the basis and non-base sectors as well as shifting economic activities by taking the location of East Java. The change in the structure of the economy can also be seen from the change in the contribution of each sector to GDP / GRDP. The results of the study are that there is a shift in economic activity with a jump in the economic phase from the primary economy to services with the acceleration of industrialism, the industrial and service sectors have become the movers in the last 3 years, industry. processing has become a new trend in economic acceleration, the service and warehousing sectors have become pockets in the economy characterized by strengthening local wisdom by strengthening competitiveness so as to be able to provide economic resources for the domestic and be able to provide for foreign domestic needs for excess production with a basic sector concept based on real local wisdom

Evaluating the Economic Cost of Coastal Flooding

Sea level rise will cause spatial shifts in economic activity over the next 200 years. Using a spatially disaggregated, dynamic model of the world economy, this paper estimates the consequences of probabilistic projections of local sea level changes. Under an intermediate scenario of greenhouse gas emissions, permanent flooding is projected to reduce global real GDP by 0.19 percent in present value terms. By the year 2200, a projected 1.46 percent of the population will be displaced. Losses in coastal localities are much larger. When ignoring the dynamic response of investment and migration, the loss in real GDP in 2200 increases from 0.11 percent to 4.5 percent. (JEL E23, F01, Q54, Q56)

Long-term development of Kenya’s growth potential

ABSTRACT This analysis of balance-of-payments-constrained growth according to Thirlwall’s law shows that Kenya’s growth has been balance-of-payments-constrained in the long term. The basic version of the law does not fit the data since actual growth was above the rate suggested by a balanced trade account. However, the extended version is confirmed because of a partial improvement of Kenya’s terms of trade and capital inflows resulting in the accumulation of foreign debt allowed for a higher growth rate. By endogenously identifying structural breaks in Kenya’s growth history and testing Thirlwall’s law for the respective subperiods, an increase of the growth potential since the 1980s is observed. However, this development went along with a shift in economic activity from agriculture and manufacturing to services and construction while the informal sector multiplied in size. The results thus suggest that the external constraint was not relaxed by the development of productive capacity but by stagnating or even falling incomes and precarization in the labor market, which restricted imports. Therefore, the surge in growth since the beginning of the 21st century has involved an increasing trade deficit and growing external debt.

When Does Work-from-Home Work?

We derive sector-level scores of vulnerability to the COVID-19 induced lockdown in India and estimate its effects on post-lockdown shifts in economic activity. We use payments received at the state-sector level from one of India's largest payment gateways and find that a one standard deviation decrease in vulnerability arrests decline in payments by one-third. Additionally, we find that the vulnerability of downstream sectors affects a sector's payments, demonstrating network propagation of vulnerability. We find a similar shift in tweeting activity of more vulnerable NIFTY-500 firms, which tweet less, express less positive sentiment, and tweet different content from the pre-lockdown period.

Значення стратегічного управління людськими ресурсами для підприємств морського транспорту

The article emphasizes that many maritime accidents have been reported over the last few decades, due to the lack of skills of naval officers to control both resources and crisis. Consideration of human resources management is gradually seen as a core part of the human error management approach. The International Maritime Organization has raised the issue of the need to develop human resource management skills on board ships, but the standards of competence and criteria for their assessment have not been fully established. The article shows that most organizations recognize that their human resources are a source of competitive advantage. This recognition, coupled with increased environmental uncertainty, increased cost control and increased government regulation, have enhanced the strategic role of human resource management. It is emphasized that where human resources are a source of competitive advantage of the organization, their management plays a crucial role in providing "best practices" to the strategic planning process at the corporate level. Personnel planning provides another important link to organizational strategy, making critical work accessible and adding time to addressing staff shortages or redundancies. Another strategic value of the human resources function includes environmental scanning and competitive analysis to prove the role and importance of strategic human resource management for enterprise competitiveness. It has been proven that enterprise human resources are a source of competitive advantage and are proposed at the level of strategy development, aligning staff practices, policies and programs with organizational strategy so that desirable employee roles and behaviors support different strategies (eg innovation, quality improvement, cost reduction). The importance of human resources management in the formation of the organizational strategy of the company is established and the practice of strategic management of human resources of advanced enterprises is analyzed. The practical significance of the results obtained is to prove the role of human resources for strategic management. As a result, the involvement of human resources management in strategy formation has increased. It is recommended to use the appropriate components of the human resources planning procedure to address human resource shortages. The article underlines that another important aspect of strategy formulation is the international human resources strategy, which addresses the human resources issue of transferring them to the state as a result of international alliances. Consideration of the practice of applying international alliances has revealed the relationship between international company strategies and human resource planning, as there may be major differences in approaches to human resource management. Factors affecting the level of integration, which include industry differences, shifts in economic activity, technology change, and changing demographics, are considered. Finally, human resources managers must develop the personal skills necessary to participate in formulating a strategy.

The multi-scalar organization of aging-related services in US rural places

Many rural communities in the United States are experiencing significant population aging, and these changes in age structure are often associated with shifts in economic activity. The demands for certain goods and services are expected to vary across age groups, and public- and private-sector service providers may make decisions based on their interpretation of demographic trends. The extent to which these perceived changes in the demand for services align with their provision has significant implications for the well-being of the older residents of aging communities. In this article, we draw on case studies of four aging communities across the rural United States to examine the provision of, and access to, aging-related services. We analyze how service provision is organized both within and between communities, how this organization is associated with the kinds of services available, the ways that older residents gain access to services, and the set of barriers to access they face. Our research suggests that aging-related service provision in rural communities is facilitated by partnerships among local community institutions and between them and external organizations. While in many cases population aging is associated with economic decline, the impact of demographic change is not mechanistic nor automatic. Our research shows that aging rural communities can be resilient, and that cooperative, multi-scalar relationships are a key to maintaining quality of life among older residents of communities with aging populations.

How significant is energy efficiency to mitigate CO2 emissions? Evidence from OECD countries

This paper develops a two-step approach to investigate the effect of energy efficiency improvements on CO2 emissions at the macro level. We use the index decomposition analysis to derive the true energy efficiency by separating out the impact of structural shifts in economic activity on energy intensity. We then employ both STSM and LSDVC models to examine and quantify the impact of the energy efficiency on CO2 emissions accounting for non-economic factors such as consumers' lifestyle, attitudes and environmental awareness. The application for 30 OECD countries shows that at the group level, the decline in energy intensity predominately occurred due to improvements in energy efficiency while at the country level, there are mixed contributions from improvement in energy efficiency and structural shift to the decline in energy intensity. The econometric results show that income has the most significant positive impact on CO2 emissions but improving energy efficiency makes the biggest contribution to driving down CO2 emissions. The method further enables the separate assessment of non-economic behavioural effects, which are found to exert a non-trivial influence on CO2 emissions in parallel with changes in energy efficiency. We conclude that energy efficiency remains a key option but that there is also a need for additional policies aiming for behavioural and other non-economic changes.

Economic and Ecological Evaluation of Land Use Change: Evidence from Karelia

Land use change and a shift in economic activity often bring to unpredictable consequences for local ecosystems. There is a necessity of making preliminary evaluation and analysis of comparing the different types of economic and ecological transformation, including cost and benefit analysis, not only for business and local population, but for the whole environment. We give an example of a particular animal husbandry farm in Karelia and show how potential change in economic specialization can be effective on a 10 years horizon. Among other land use types, we chose peat mining and wetland conservation. Each type of activities was complexly evaluated with different types of costs and benefits. In the paper, we use a method of land use change evaluation including the value of ecosystem services. The monetary values of ecosystem services are given with the respect to foreign analogues and taking into account local realities and prices. Our results have shown that the most beneficial for the society and the environment is wetland conservation, due to their berries picking service, which are highly appreciated on the market, and due to low costs for the third parties, since wetlands contain regulative and refinery services for local ecosystems. As a contrary peat mining is a profitable business, but pollutes the environment because of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. The current specialization for animal husbandry is neither an optimal solution because of low profitability of the chosen farm. The results of the research can be used for optimization in regional politics in the sphere of agriculture and environment economics in order to protect the ecological balance between human activities and nature.

Changes in Energy Intensity in Canada

Canada is one of the top energy users and CO2 emitters among the OECD countries. However, energy intensity has been declining, on average, by about 1.4 percent since 1980. In this paper, we use the Fisher Ideal Index to determine the contribution of changes in the composition of economic activities and efficiency to a decline in energy intensity in Canada at national, provincial, and industry levels. We also apply panel data estimation methods to further investigate the factors driving energy intensity, efficiency and activity indexes for the period 1981-2008. We test for endogeneity as well as cross-section dependency in the provincial data and control for factors such as climate, policy, and energy endowment. The national and provincial decomposition results suggest that most of the reduction in energy intensity has occurred mainly due to improvements in energy efficiency rather than shifts in economic activities. Within the industry, while energy intensity has declined significantly in manufacturing, it has remained stable in transportation, utilities, and construction, and increased significantly in oil extraction and mining industries. The provincial panel regression results indicate that energy intensity is higher in provinces with higher average incomes, faster population growth, colder climate, and a higher capital-labour ratio, and lower in provinces with higher energy prices and higher investment. The industry panel regression results show that investment has contributed to energy efficiency in utilities and mining and to a shift away from energy-intensive activities in manufacturing and transportation industries. Technological advances have been most effective in increasing energy efficiency in construction and utilities and in decreasing energy-intensive activities in manufacturing industries. The results indicate that although efficiency contributes to a reduction in energy intensity in Canada, increasing activity in energy-intensive industries, such as oil and mining, partially offsets the efficiency gains in other industries.

Understanding the Weakness in Global Trade - What is the New Normal?

Global trade has been exceptionally weak over the past four years. While global trade grew at approximately twice the rate of GDP prior to the Great Recession, the ratio of global trade to GDP growth has declined to about unity since 2012. This paper assesses to what extent the change in the relationship between global trade and global economic activity is a temporary phenomenon or constitutes a lasting change. It finds that global trade growth has been primarily dampened by two factors. First, compositional factors, including geographical shifts in economic activity and changes in the composition of aggregate demand, have weighed on the sensitivity of trade to economic activity. Second, structural developments, such as waning growth in global value chains, a rise in non-tariff protectionist measures and a declining marginal impact of financial deepening, are dampening the support from factors that boosted global trade in the past. Notwithstanding the particularly pronounced weakness in 2015 that is assessed to be mostly a temporary phenomenon owing to a number of country-specific adverse shocks, the upside potential for trade over the medium term appears to be limited. The “new normal” for global trade can therefore be expected to look broadly similar to the weakness observed over recent years on average. In this sense, buoyant trade dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s may have been what was exceptional, rather than the slowdown over recent years. JEL Classification: F10, F13, F14, F15