Shift Parameters Research Articles

Symmetric Twin Column Parity Mixers and Their Applications

The circulant twin column parity mixer (TCPM) is a type of mixing layer for the round function of cryptographic permutations designed by Hirch et al. at CRYPTO 2023. It has a bitwise differential branch number of 12 and a bitwise linear branch number of 4, which makes it competitive in applications where differential security is required. Hirch et al. gave a concrete instantiation of a permutation using such a mixing layer, named Gaston, and showed the best 3-round differential and linear trails of Gaston have much higher weights than those of Ascon. In this paper, we first prove why the TCPM has linear branch number 4 and then show that Gaston’s linear behavior is worse than Ascon for more than 3 rounds. Motivated by these facts, we aim to enhance the linear security of the TCPM. We show that adding a specific set of row cyclic shifts to the TCPM can make its differential and linear branch numbers both 12. Notably, by setting a special relationship between the row shift parameters of the modified TCPM, we obtain a special kind of mixlayer called the symmetric circulant twin column parity mixer. The symmetric TCPM has a unique design property that its differential and linear branch histograms are the same, which makes the parameter selection process and the security analysis convenient. Using the symmetric TCPM, we present two new 320-bit cryptographic permutations, namely (1) Gaston-S where we replace the mixing layer in Gaston with the symmetric TCPM and (2) SBD which uses a low-latency degree-4 S-box as the non-linear layer and the symmetric TCPM as the mixing layer. We evaluate the security of these permutations considering differential, linear and algebraic analysis, and then provide the performance comparison with Gaston in both hardware and software. Our results indicate that Gaston-S and SBD are competitive with Gaston in both security and performance.

Application of CUSUM analysis in assessing learning curves in robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy performed by experienced gynecologist

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the learning curve of robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy by applying CUSUM analysis based on operation time, complication rate and conversion rate to open laparotomy.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted with 50 consecutive robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy surgeries performed from June 2018 and June 2023 by a single experienced gynecologist. Baseline patient demographics, intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes were collected. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) of robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy operation time was analyzed to determine breakpoints between learning phases using piecewise linear regression. This allowed the detection of subtle shifts in surgical parameters and ultimately surgeon proficiency and competency. Continuous variables, such as age, length of hospitalization and op time, were reported as mean (standard deviation). One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare continuous variables. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and analyzed using the chi-square test.ResultsThe regression identified breakpoints at case 8.47 (95% CI 8.0, 9.0) and case 34.41 (95% CI 32.7, 36.1), with an R2 value of 0.87, which agrees with that of the second-order polynomial equation. The breakpoints were rounded to the next whole number at case 9 and 35. The Learning, Proficiency, and Competency phases consisted of 9, 26, and 15 cases, respectively in this consecutive series. This suggests that the surgeon achieved proficiency after the first 9 cases and competency after 35 cases. There were no intraoperative nor short-term post-operative complications during the span of this study. Furthermore, there were no conversions to open laparotomy. CUSUM analysis based on complication and conversion rate, therefore, was not available.ConclusionAccording to CUSUM analysis, surgical proficiency of robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy was attained after the first 9 cases, and stabilization of operation time was achieved after 35 cases. This statistical tool has proven to be useful in objectively assessing learning curves for new surgical techniques, and the transition from laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy to robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy seems achievable. This, however, may vary with each surgeon’s manual dexterity and experience level. Further investigation with several surgeons and institutions is needed to define a more accurate and generalized learning curve of robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy.

Euclid and KiDS-1000: Quantifying the impact of source-lens clustering on cosmic shear analyses

Cosmic shear is a powerful probe of cosmological models and the transition from current Stage-III surveys such as the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) to the increased area and redshift range of Stage IV surveys such as will significantly increase the precision of weak lensing analyses. However, with increasing precision, the accuracy of model assumptions needs to be evaluated. In this study, we quantify the impact of the correlated clustering of weak lensing source galaxies with the surrounding large-scale structure, known as source-lens clustering (SLC), which is commonly neglected. We include the impact of realistic scatter in photometric redshift estimates, which impacts the assignment of galaxies to tomographic bins and increases the SLC . For this, we use simulated cosmological datasets with realistically distributed galaxies and measure shear correlation functions for both clustered and uniformly distributed source galaxies. Cosmological analyses are performed for both scenarios to quantify the impact of SLC on parameter inference for a KiDS-like and a setting. We find for Stage III surveys such as KiDS, SLC has a minor impact when accounting for nuisance parameters for intrinsic alignments and shifts of tomographic bins, as these nuisance parameters absorb the effect of SLC, thus changing their original meaning. For KiDS ( the inferred intrinsic alignment amplitude $A_ IA $ changes from $0.11_ $) for data without SLC to $0.28_ $) with SLC. However, fixed nuisance parameters lead to shifts in $S_8$ and $ m $, emphasizing the need for including SLC in the modelling. For we find that $ m $, and $w_0$ are shifted by 0.19, 0.12, and 0.12 sigma , respectively when including free nuisance parameters and by 0.20, 0.16, and 0.32 sigma when fixing the nuisance parameters. Consequently, SLC on its own has only a small impact on the inferred parameter inference when using uninformative priors for nuisance parameters. However, SLC might conspire with the breakdown of other modelling assumptions, such as magnification bias or source obscuration, which could collectively exert a more pronounced effect on inferred parameters.

The influence of yoga exercises with voluntary pulmonary ventilation changes on intracranial arterial blood flow

Introduction. Yoga breathing exercises that involve voluntary changes in pulmonary ventilation parameters can potentially influence cerebral circulation due to changes in CO2 content in arterial blood. Objective. To assess the effect of yoga breathing exercises with changes in pulmonary ventilation levels on blood flow parameters in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Methods. The study included 21 participants, with an average age of 39.5±8.7 years, who were capable of performing yoga exercises at respiratory rates (RR) of 3–3.5/min and 1–1.5/min. For 5 minutes, participants underwent three stages: free breathing (stage 1), breathing with RR=3–3.5/min (stage 2), and breathing with RR=1–1.5/min (stage 3). During stages 2 and 3, the «full breathing» technique, which involves maximum deep inhalation and exhalation, was employed. Respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TI), minute ventilation (MV), end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PetCO2), and oxygen fraction in exhaled air (FeO2) were recorded using spiro-gas analysis. Transcranial duplex scanning was used to measure peak systolic blood flow velocity (Vps), end-diastolic blood flow velocity (Vd), time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity (TAMAX), and resistance index (RI) in the right MCA. The velocity variation index (VVI) was calculated for each stage. Results. Compared to stage 1 (free breathing), stage 2 (RR = 3–3.5/min) showed an increase in MV and FeO2, a decrease in PetCO2, and reductions in Vps, Vd, and TAMAX, with an increase in RI. VVI decreased statistically insignificantly. In stage 3 (RR = 1–1.5/min), compared to stage 1, there was an increase in PetCO2, a decrease in MV and FeO2, and increases in Vps, Vd, and TAMAX, with a decrease in RI. VVI increased significantly. Conclusions. Yoga breathing exercises at respiratory rates of 3–3.5/min and 1–1.5/min result in multidirectional shifts in ventilation and gas exchange parameters, leading to changes in arterial cerebral blood flow (a decrease and increase in blood flow velocity with an increase and decrease in MV, respectively). VVI, reflecting fluctuations in blood flow velocity, increases significantly with reduced MV, likely due to the vasodilatory effect of CO2.

Combining pre- and post-recombination new physics to address cosmological tensions: Case study with varying electron mass and sign-switching cosmological constant

It has recently been argued that the Hubble tension may call for a combination of both pre- and post-recombination new physics. Motivated by these considerations, we provide one of the first concrete case studies aimed at constructing such a viable combination. We consider models that have individually worked best on either end of recombination so far: a spatially uniform time-varying electron mass leading to earlier recombination (also adding non-zero spatial curvature), and a sign-switching cosmological constant inducing an AdS-to-dS transition within the ΛsCDM model. When confronted against Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, and Type Ia Supernovae data, we show that no combination of these ingredients can successfully solve the Hubble tension. We find that the matter density parameter Ωm plays a critical role, driving important physical scales in opposite directions: the AdS-to-dS transition requires a larger Ωm to maintain the CMB acoustic scale fixed, whereas the varying electron mass requires a smaller Ωm to maintain the redshift of matter-radiation equality fixed. Despite the overall failure, we use our results to draw general model-building lessons, highlighting the importance of assessing tension-solving directions in the parameter space of new physics parameters and how these correlate with shifts in other standard parameters, while underscoring the crucial role of Ωm in this sense.

A Double-edged Sword: Evolutionary Novelty along Deep-time Diversity Oscillation in An Iconic Group of Predatory Insects (Neuroptera: Mantispoidea).

Evolutionary novelties are commonly identified as drivers of lineage diversification, with key innovations potentially triggering adaptive radiation. Nevertheless, testing hypotheses on the role of evolutionary novelties in promoting diversification through deep time has proven challenging. Here we unravel the role of the raptorial appendages, with evolutionary novelties for predation, in the macroevolution of a predatory insect lineage, the Superfamily Mantispoidea (mantidflies, beaded lacewings, thorny lacewings, and dipteromantispids), based on a new dated phylogeny and quantitative evolutionary analyses on modern and fossil species. We demonstrate a single origin of the raptorial foreleg and its associated novelties as key innovations triggering an early radiation of raptorial mantispoids from the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic. Subsequently, the evolution of the raptorial foreleg influenced the diversification in different modes among lineages. At times, it might have limited the morphological diversity of other body parts and lead to lineage constraint by intensifying competition and lowering environmental resilience, e.g., in thorny lacewings, whose extant diversity is meagre. Conversely, in mantidflies, reduced emphasis on foreleg novelties and increased plasticity in other body parts may lead to better adaptation to predator-prey interactions and environmental shifts, thus maintaining a stable or accelerated level of diversification. We also reveal how major environmental change and lineage interactions interplayed with raptorial novelties in shaping the significant oscillations of mantispoid diversification over deep time, especially the abrupt shift near the mid-Cretaceous. However, by excluding a substantial portion of samples from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, these shifts of some evolutionary parameters, such as morphological disparity, body size, and diversification rates, became inconspicuous and might be overestimated due to sampling bias. Our results uncover the intricate evolutionary patterns and profound significance of raptorial specializations, providing new insights into the role of novelties in forming evolutionary trajectories, both for the better and worse. [evolutionary novelty; macroevolution; diversification; raptorial foreleg; fossil; insect; Mantispoidea].

Eukaryotic Microalgae Communities from Tropical Karstic Freshwater Lagoons in an Anthropic Disturbance Gradient Microscopic and Metagenomic Analysis.

The Yucatan aquifer sustains the people living in the Mayan forest and its associated fauna. Human activities threaten water quality and the environmental services associated with it. To assess the eukaryotic microalgae community structure as a bioindicator of water quality, we employed a combined approach of microscopic and shotgun metagenomics to identify specific genera associated with shifts in physicochemical parameters in three permanent lagoons located in Campeche, Mexico. We could identify highly complex and diverse communities independent of human activity intensity, harboring an average of 362 genera at each lagoon. Of those, 85 were affected by alkalinity, carbonates, water hardness, and cyanuric acid levels. Some genera, like Nannochloropsis and Thraustotheca, showed significant negative correlations with lead concentration. The functional annotation of genes revealed these communities' highly diverse metabolic capabilities and the pending work for extensive genomic characterization of rare clades.

Mixed single, double, and triple poles solutions for the space-time shifted nonlocal DNLS equation with nonzero boundary conditions via Riemann–Hilbert approach

In this paper, we investigate the space-time shifted nonlocal derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation under nonzero boundary conditions using the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach for the first time. To begin with, in the direct scattering problem, we analyze the analyticity, symmetries, and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost eigenfunctions and scattering matrix functions. Subsequently, we examine the coexistence of N-single, N-double, and N-triple poles in the inverse scattering problem. The corresponding residue conditions, trace formulae, θ condition, and symmetry relations of the norming constants are obtained. Moreover, we derive the exact expression for the mixed single, double, and triple poles solutions with the reflectionless potentials by solving the relevant RH problem associated with the space-time shifted nonlocal DNLS equation. Furthermore, to further explore the remarkable characteristics of soliton solutions, we graphically illustrate the dynamic behaviors of several representative solutions, such as three-soliton, two-breather, and soliton-breather solutions. Finally, we analyze the effects of shift parameters through graphical simulations.

Morphological and Optical Profiling of Melanocytes and SK-MEL-28 Melanoma Cells Via Digital Holographic Microscopy and Quantitative Phase Imaging.

Melanoma, which originates from pigment-producing melanocytes, is an aggressive and deadly skin cancer. Despite extensive research, its mechanisms of progression and metastasis remain unclear. This study uses quantitative phase imaging via digital holographic microscopy, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to identify the morphological, optical, and behavioral differences between normal melanocytes and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Our findings reveal significant differences in cell shape, size, and internal organization, with SK-MEL-28 cells displaying greater size variability, more polygonal shapes, and higher optical thickness. Phase shift parameters and surface roughness analyses underscore melanoma cells' uniform and predictable textures. Violin plots highlight the dynamic and varied migration of SK-MEL-28 cells, contrasting with the localized movement of melanocytes. Hierarchical clustering of correlation matrices provides further insights into complex morphological and optical relationships. Integrating label-free imaging with robust analytical methods enhances understanding of melanoma's aggressive behavior, supporting targeted therapies and highlighting potential biomarkers for precise melanoma diagnostics and treatment.

Whistleblowing intensity and distributor compliance in marketing channel networks

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how channel whistleblowing intensity affects a distributor’s compliance to the manufacturer’s request and how that impact is influenced by institutional environments.Design/methodology/approachBased on paired survey data, which was collected from an automobile manufacturer in China and its 211 distributors, combined with secondary data, this study used hierarchical regression analyses to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe study finds that channel whistleblowing intensity has an inverted U-shaped effect on distributor compliance. In addition, this curvilinear effect is stronger in regions with more effective legal systems and higher social trust, but the authors do not find perceived vertical control moderating the effect of whistleblowing intensity on distributor compliance.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this study enriches the marketing literature by highlighting the significance of whistleblowing and especially its downside in marketing channel management. Second, moving beyond prior marketing studies’ focus on bilateral controls, it recognizes channel whistleblowing as a peer-enforced control mechanism. Third, it identifies environmental factors as shift parameters that alter the impact of channel whistleblowing, attesting to the importance of “discriminating alignment.”Practical implicationsThe findings caution channel managers against the double-edged effects of whistleblowing and inform the conditions that amplify this impact.Originality/valueThis work highlights the bright and dark sides of channel whistleblowing and uncovers situations in which it works or fails to promote distributor compliance.

Parameter instabilities and monetary policy in a small open economy: Evidence from an estimated model for the UK

This paper reconsiders whether monetary policy in small open economies responds to exchange rates by studying possible parameter instabilities in a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. The main focus of the paper is to revisit preceding evidence on the response to exchange rate movements by the Bank of England and determine if its reaction function has remained constant throughout the sample. To this end, I estimate a small open economy general equilibrium model using Bayesian econometric techniques over rolling windows. I find overwhelming evidence of shifts in several parameters, including those related to the policy rule. Furthermore, posterior odds tests reveal a time-varying response to exchange-rate fluctuations by the monetary authorities. The results favor the model with the nominal exchange rate embedded in the policy rule for the initial subsamples. However, the evidence steadily evolves across windows and ultimately changes to prefer the model specification with no exchange rate. The paper also documents evident variations in the model dynamics derived from the instability of parameters via rolling-window impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis.

Disturbances of the process of synaptic elimination and its reflection in the wave N170 of auditory evoked potential (AEP) in first psychotic episode of paranoid schizophrenia

The reaction of cortical structures of different significance (associated with delusions and hallucination and neutral ones) was studied. The work was conducted in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and normal control (24 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 15 controls). In patients in frontal areas paradox effect (PE) in AEPs with the increase of both parameters of N170 component was revealed. In central and temporal areas PEs were found in N170 component with the decrease of both parameters of this component. These results point to the “conflict” between the processes of excitation and inhibition in schizophrenia. In schizophrenia patients Pes were revealed in auditory and visual modalities (EVPs and VEPs) on the N170 wave with the unidirectional shifts (increase and decrease) of both parameters in the same cortical areas in AEPs and VEPs. It is supposed that ERP disturbances revealed in patients with schizophrenia are due to the pathology of the synaptic pruning causing the imbalance of excitation-inhibition and leading to the psychosis onset.

Validation and Comparison of Non-stationary Cognitive Models: A Diffusion Model Application

AbstractCognitive processes undergo various fluctuations and transient states across different temporal scales. Superstatistics are emerging as a flexible framework for incorporating such non-stationary dynamics into existing cognitive model classes. In this work, we provide the first experimental validation of superstatistics and formal comparison of four non-stationary diffusion decision models in a specifically designed perceptual decision-making task. Task difficulty and speed-accuracy trade-off were systematically manipulated to induce expected changes in model parameters. To validate our models, we assess whether the inferred parameter trajectories align with the patterns and sequences of the experimental manipulations. To address computational challenges, we present novel deep learning techniques for amortized Bayesian estimation and comparison of models with time-varying parameters. Our findings indicate that transition models incorporating both gradual and abrupt parameter shifts provide the best fit to the empirical data. Moreover, we find that the inferred parameter trajectories closely mirror the sequence of experimental manipulations. Posterior re-simulations further underscore the ability of the models to faithfully reproduce critical data patterns. Accordingly, our results suggest that the inferred non-stationary dynamics may reflect actual changes in the targeted psychological constructs. We argue that our initial experimental validation paves the way for the widespread application of superstatistics in cognitive modeling and beyond.

Assessing the biochemical and genotoxic effects of low intensity 2.45GHz microwave exposure on Arabidopsis thaliana plants

ABSTRACT The electromagnetic waves of 2.45 GHz microwave frequency have become abundant in environments worldwide. This study assessed the short-term impact of low-intensity 2.45 GHz exposure on young Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The plants underwent a 48-hour exposure to continuous wave 2.45 GHz microwaves at a power density of 1.0 ± 0.1 W m−2. Experiments were conducted inside anechoic chambers. After the microwave exposure samples were subjected to morphological, genotoxicity, pigmentation, and physiochemical analysis. Microwave exposure elevated the levels of photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress, guaiacol peroxidase activity, and ascorbic peroxidase activity in plants. Conversely, catalase activity decreased. Photosystem efficiency remained unchanged, while non-photochemical quenching increased. Leaf morphological parameters exhibited no significant alterations during this brief exposure period. Notably, despite shifts in physiological parameters and pigmentations, genomic template stability remained unaffected. The findings suggest that the non-thermal effects of microwave exposure influence the photosystem and plant physiology. Research confirmed the existence of non-thermal effects of microwave exposure; however, these effects are within tolerable limits for Arabidopsis thaliana plants.

Heterogeneous Transfer Learning of Electrohydrodynamic Printing Under Zero-Gravity Toward In-Space Manufacturing

Abstract As we continue to commercialize space and mature in-space manufacturing (ISM) processes, there is a strong need to transfer the knowledge we learn from experiments on the ground to zero-gravity environments. Physics-motivated manufacturing processes, like additive manufacturing, experience a shift in fabrication parameters due to the absence of gravity and the change of environments. Thus, we found traditional machine learning methods are not capable of addressing this domain shift and present a transfer learning scheme as a solution in this paper. We tested a kernel ridge regression model built for heterogeneous transfer learning (KRR-HeITL) on data from the electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing (EHD printing) process. EHD printing is a process that uses electrical force to control material flows, thus achieving the fabrication of electronics without requiring gravity. Our team has successfully conducted three rounds of parabolic flights to validate this technology for ISM. We trained on multiple datasets built from on-ground experiments and tested using zero-gravity printing data obtained from parabolic flight tests. Measurements of the Taylor cone both on-ground and in zero-gravity were taken and exploited as a part of the training data. We found that our method obtains good interpolation accuracy (MAPE 3.85%) compared to traditional machine learning methods (MAPE 16.84%) for predicting the printed line width. We concluded that the KRR-HeITL method is well suited for zero-gravity domain shifts of EHD printing parameters. This study paves the way for future predictions of ISM parameters when there are only on-ground experiments or very limited zero-gravity datasets for a given process.

Assessment of the age and conditions of metamorphism of high-pressure blastolites of the Gonzhinsky block of the Argun superterrane of the eastern part of the Central Asian folded belt

As a result of petrographic and thermobaric studies, 4 mineral associations were identified in the blastolite: relict, main, association corresponding to biotitisation and association of retrograde changes. The relict association probably represented eclogites The main mineral association corresponds to apoeclogite zoisite amphibolites. Determination of the P-T parameters of the formation of this association showed an interval of P = 13.0–15.0 kbar and T = 580-670 °C. At the same time, if we take the most ferruginous outer rim of amphibole-1 for calculations, then the P-T parameters shift to a higher temperature region of P = 13.0–17.0 kbar and T = 660-780 °C. The association corresponding to the imposed biotitisation is well structurally expressed. The lines of monomineral equilibria of the biotite association constructed from various combinations of garnet, biotite and plagioclase compositions showed good convergence in the local region corresponding to the interval P = 12.5-13.2 kbar and T = 810-830 °C. The last association of retrograde changes includes low-alumina amphibole-2.The association corresponding to the imposed biotitisation.ше is well structurally expressed. The last association of retrograde changes includes low-alumina amphibole-2. Based on the obtained isotopic data, a mineral Sm-Nd isochron was constructed for the rock, garnet and two amphiboles. The age of the isochron is 171 ± 3 million years, the latter is interpreted as the time of formation of the main mineral association and corresponds to its crystallization at the peak of metamorphism.

No νs is Good News

The baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) analysis from the first year of data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), when combined with data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), has placed an upper-limit on the sum of neutrino masses, ∑mν< 70 meV (95%). In addition to excluding the minimum sum associated with the inverted hierarchy, the posterior is peaked at ∑mν = 0 and is close to excluding even the minumum sum, 58 meV at 2σ. In this paper, we explore the implications of this data for cosmology and particle physics. The sum of neutrino mass is determined in cosmology from the suppression of clustering in the late universe. Allowing the clustering to be enhanced, we extended the DESI analysis to ∑mν< 0 and find ∑mν =160±90 meV (68%), and that the suppression of power from the minimum sum of neutrino masses is excluded at 99% confidence. We show this preference for negative masses makes it challenging to explain the result by a shift of cosmic parameters, such as the optical depth or matter density. We then show how a result of ∑mν = 0 could arise from new physics in the neutrino sector, including decay, cooling, and/or time-dependent masses. These models are consistent with current observations but imply new physics that is accessible in a wide range of experiments. In addition, we discuss how an apparent signal with ∑mν< 0 can arise from new long range forces in the dark sector or from a primordial trispectrum that resembles the signal of CMB lensing.

A new model reduction method based PBC control for grid-connected inverter with LCL-filter

Passivity-based control (PBC) exhibits robustness against parameters shift, providing a substantial level of stability. However, for the LCL-filtered grid-connected inverter (GCI), the conventional PBC (called C-PBC) controller has a narrow control bandwidth due to the control time delay, resulting in poor dynamic performance, especially in the weak grid state. This paper proposes a new PBC (called P-PBC) method to increase the closed-loop bandwidth of the system by setting an appropriate feedback proportional coefficient between the grid-side current and the inverter-side current. By extending the closed-loop bandwidth of the system, the proposed P-PBC method offers improved dynamic performance, particularly in challenging grid conditions. In addition, a state observer is also employed to reduce sensors, which saves costs and enhances the system's reliability. A 110 V/50 Hz/3 kW/3-phase experimental setup has been developed using the dSPACE DS1202 platform to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Experimental validation and analysis of hybrid adaptive iterative learning sliding mode control for PMSM seeker coordinator

High-order nonlinearity, strong coupling, and external disturbances constrain the high-precision servo tracking control of the missile seeker coordinator, which compromises the guidance accuracy of guided weapons. The individual differences in the seekers cause model parameter perturbations, leading to uncertainty and time-varying disturbances, which reduces the tracking performance of the seeker servo system. To cope with these uncertainties various traditional Iterative learning control (ILC) strategies have been designed to suppress high-order nonlinear disturbances. However, these are very sensitive to system uncertainties, external disturbances and model parametric perturbations. In response to this challenge, this paper proposes a hybrid adaptive iterative learning sliding mode control (AILS) methodology. The iterative learning sliding mode control (ILSMC) strategy is used to reduce the impact of periodic disturbances in the system, ensuring a rapid system response. The enhanced adaptive learning law (EAL) strategy offers an estimation of the lumped disturbances of the system, encapsulating both parameter shifts and residual disturbances. Through this appropriate adaptive control, both disturbances compensation and the chattering effect due to sliding mode control are simultaneously minimized. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with the traditional open-loop iterative learning control, the learning convergence speed and convergence accuracy of the proposed hybrid AILS are highly significant. Experimental results also show that the control algorithm designed in this paper can also perform adaptively, has fast learning capability and ensures convergence while guaranteeing the tracking accuracy of the seeker coordinator servo system.

Trauma Centre admission criteria for elderly patients

Introduction:Injuries are among three most common causes of sudden death in Poland, and patient particularly at risk of fatal outcome of trauma are elderly. Geriatric age is associated with pathological changes that determine worse response to trauma. In order to improve treatment outcomes of elderly trauma patients it is essential for them to have access to specialized healthcare units i.e. Trauma Centers (TC).In Poland, admission criteria for TC are determined in the Regulation of the Ministry of Health published in 2010. Those criteria do not include age. According to recent research, such admission criteria lead to undertriage i.e., underestimation of injuries of elderly trauma patients and referred to a healthcare unit of lower reference level.Aim: Analyze the current national admission criteria of elderly trauma patients admitted to TCs.Materials and methods:TC admission criteria were subject to analysis in referral to available scientific publications in the field of medical segregation of elderly trauma patients, available in: PubMed, Medline-EBSCO.Results:TS admission criteria in current form are fulfilled only by elderly patients with minimal survival chance. As a result, majority of elderly trauma patients are referred to healthcare units of lower reference level. Those patients are deprived of professional trauma care in TC. Such discrepancies in medical segregation often stem from lack of anatomical changes or shifts in physiological parameters typically observed in trauma patients.ConclusionsIt is essential to develop national research to find the optimal system of triage for elderly trauma patient and an adequate tool for appropriate admitted them to TC.