SHG Group Research Articles

Project Management Practices Effect on Self-help Group’s Project Performance, Hargeisa Somaliland

Most of the women found in urban-rural informal settlements of Hargeisa District are engaged in self-help group projects since most of them don’t qualify to access credit facilities from commercial banks and microfinance institutions. The main problem with development projects is they are managed poorly which affects their implementation effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of project risk management; monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder involvement, and effective project planning on the performance of SHG projects in the Hargeisa district. These are projects implemented by the NAFIS through its member organizations in particular SOWRAG. The study will solicit data from the NAFIS staff working with SHG groups in particular the MEAL and Project officers, SHG leadership, and members. A mixed method comprising quantitative and qualitative techniques was employed in the collection and analysis of data so that they allow the achievement of different objectives including offsetting the constraints that each technique has. This method was suitable for this study because first, it addresses the need to study women in complex socio-economic and political phenomena landscape. Therefore, this implies that most of the respondents were in agreement with the statements that project planning practices influence SHG Project performance in Hargeisa district, Somaliland. Average scores on the performance of the SHG project for the last 9-10 years in Hargeisa District, Somaliland show a mean score of 3.881 and a standard deviation of 0.775. This implied that the majority of respondents were in agreement with the statements that the project performance of the SHG project in Hargeisa district, Somaliland was successful. From research findings, it was concluded that the performance of the SHG Project in the Hargeisa district was influenced by monitoring and evaluation, risk management, stakeholders’ involvement, and project planning practices.

A Study on Loan Delinquency of the Self Help Group-Bank Linkage Programme in Rural Rajasthan

Abstract Research background Providing the microfinance to rural women is the prime concern of the government at central and state level in which the best microfinance programme is the Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme. However, the Delinquency rate of the SHGBLP loan is on the higher side. As, borrowers do not make their loan repayments on time. Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine which types of self-help groups make timely repayments of an old loan. Also, to find out the different aspects of the loan delinquency rate which affect them and to find out the impact of self-help group maturity on loan repayment. Research methodology For this a total of 300 members were selected from the Udaipur and Banswara district of Rajasthan. Further, Tobit Regression has been applied to find out the factors which affect the loan delinquency percentages in the Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme. Results The results highlighted that the maturity of the SHG group affects their repayment performance as old SHGs are functioning well in terms of repayment. The reason for the high delinquency rate is that the members had no surplus Income to repay back because of the failure of Business, natural calamities and medical issues. The members who are repaying the loan back on time are giving from their agriculture and enterprise profits. Novelty A lot of research has been carried out on the Impact of SHGBLP on many other factors but there is no research that has been done to find out why the programme has high loan delinquencies after being the best together with the impactful microfinance programme.

A Study on Convergent Action at the Grassroots during COVID-19 Pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic brought certain circumstances which were never witnessed at such a scale. The response to this Pandemic was with strategically choreographed convergent action across different levels of both the government sector and non-government sector. This paper examines and documents the experiences of field functionaries like Anganwadi Workers, ASHA workers and Field Functionaries of State Rural Livelihood Mission during this Pandemic. This paper is based on Qualitative Research conducted with the tool of Narrative Analysis where the experiences of respondents from Fatehabad District, Birbhum, and Uttar Dinajpur Districts in West Bengal were documented. The sampling process done to select specific respondents was done purposively (purposive sampling). Anganwadi Workers and ASHA Workers under usual circumstances do practice convergent action among themselves but during the process of institutional quarantine in rural settings, the inter-departmental convergence was evident because field functionaries of various in-line departments have proven to be a significant success. Moreover, the service-delivery component under different schemes has been modified relatively. SHG Groups which has been primarily viewed concerning micro-finance or credit has played a role in multiple domains with service delivery, market production. Convergence has been a contemporary highlighted concern in social work and development practice.

MARKETING STRATEGY BY MISSION SHAKTI OF ODISHA: A JOURNEY FROM SELF HELP GROUPS (SHGS) TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-ENTERPRISES (SMES)

Empowerment of women playing a significant role in society. When women will empower with financially at that time her family income level increase. Mission Shakti gives the power to increase his financial stability. In layman language we can say the women is Samarthy to run her family. Indian constitution provides the women equal freedom and opportunity, so they can empower by them self. Both literate and illiterate women have rights to empower by themselves. So Government of Odisha plays a significant role to empower women through Mission Shakti Department. This department has deep reach to women, nearly about 70 lakh women through 6 lakh groups. The groups are self empower by them self selves through the help of the Mission Shakti.This Paper is mainly focused how the group is converted SHGs to SMEs with the help of Mission Shakti. What types of Marketing Strategy they followed to reach her goal from SHGs to SMEs.Marketing tactics used by cluster members to sell the manufactured goods, as well as the intensity of empowerment among members of women, SHGs to SMEs in Sustainable Livelihood actions. Data were obtained from the districts of Angul and Khordha using a standardized questionnaire written in the local language. Around 180 members of various women SHGs were chosen for the study. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed using one-way Anova, multiple regression, and Pearson correlation. most crucial components such as Sustainable Livelihood, Women Entrepreneurship, and Women Empowerment, all of which have a significant impact on the performance of Marketing Strategies used by SHG members in rural Odisha. It was also bring into being that the number of SHG members and the time-span of years the SHG group has been founded had a substantial impact convert SHGs to SMEs.

Adaptive responses of geographically distinct strains of the benthic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae), to varying light intensity and photoperiod

The toxic Prorocentrum lima complex can potentially cause serious harm to the benthos and entire food chain. Studies have revealed physiological differences in strains from different regions related to local environment, while differences in the adaptive responses of P. lima complex should be urgently assessed. Hence, this study explored the adaptive responses to varying light intensities and photoperiods of two P. lima complex strains SHG101 and 3XS34, isolated from the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea, respectively. We found the highest cell density of 7.49 × 104 cells mL−1 recorded in the 3XS strain in the stationary phase with high light intensity exposure. No significant difference was observed in growth rate among SHG groups, however, significant differences were found among 3XS groups ranging from 0.176 to 0.311 d−1. Three key pigments Chl a, Peri, and Fuco accounted for up to 60% of the total pigments. Production and concentrations of pigments and Fv/Fm values exhibit a significant negative correlation with high light intensity and growth. Conversely, total diarrhetic shellfish toxin content and the proportion of diol esters increased to varying degrees after high intensity light exposure, with 3XS strain under high light intensity and a photoperiod of light and darkness (12L:12D) consistently exhibiting the highest levels, finally reaching a maximum (21.6 pg cell−1) at day 28. A shortened photoperiod of high light intensity (8L:16D) resulted in impaired recovery compared with 12L:12D. Furthermore, 3XS showed more delayed and intense adaptive responses, indicating a stronger tolerance compared to SHG. Collectively, these results directly characterized variation in the adaptive responses of geographically distinct strains of P. lima complex, highlighting the previously ignored potential risk diversity of this species.

Role of SHG Sanjeevini in Bajpe Rural Area in Economic and Social Development of the Poor – A Case Study

Purpose: The study’s purpose is to assess both the region’s economic development and the SHG's wide range of activities. The paper emphasizes on the appropriate use of fund for economic purpose leading to the growth of rural area. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on primary data gathered from the Sanjeevini SHG groups officials during the fieldwork and other related information from local public residing in that area and Bajpe Gram panchayat. Findings: The study helps us to know the involvement of people in the economic growth of the area. Achievement of groups enhances free flow of funds and challenges faced by groups in dealing with people and the area. Originality/Value: This study is an attempt to trace role of SHG groups in development of rural areas and factors responsible for the growth of the panchayat. Research Type: Case Study.

DIGITALISATION AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN SELF-HELP GROUP OUTCOMES

Digitalisation encourages financial inclusion by delivering cost-saving financial services within a shorter period by using a digital platform to access banking and financial services. The present article is a critical review as well as a quantitative research design. It determines how digitalisation is playing a role of catalyst in enabling SHGs to perform better. A chi-square test has been used with a sample size of 209 respondents to determine the significance of digitalisation in the personality development and self-confidence of SHG members and SHG group leaders. The findings of the study revealed that with the help of digitisation, the SHGs have become more organised and the microfinance institutions are easily taking up the financial performance of SHG groups to reduce operational costs and non-performing assets as well. It has also been found that there is a significant difference in personality development and self-confidence between SHG members and SHG group leaders who are using the multiple SHG digital platforms for their groups respectively. The digital financial inclusion model is emerging around the globe with new financial players every day, an extensive empirical investigation is needed to study the risk and challenges associated with the digitisation of SHGs and its impact on poor marginalised people.

​Process of SHG, VO and MS Group Formation and their Norms in Warangal District of Andhra Pradesh

The objective of this paper is to see the process of SHG, VO (Village Organization) and MS (Mandal Samakhaya) formation and their norms which strongly promoting women’s empowerment in the Andhra Pradesh. For said purpose Information’s were collected through personally interaction with the members of SHG in Village Organization Meeting (VO Meeting) during five days exposer visit (25 Nov to 30 Nov, 2013) which was supervised by National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD), Hyderabad (A.P.) Staff members on the recommendation of Deendayal Upadhyaya State Institute of Rural Development, Lucknow (U.P.). Result can be concluded in terms of the SHG formation, VO and MS and their rules for the women empowerment in Warangal district is fully transparent and empowered the rural women at each stage.

SHG Groups and Empowerment Issues in Odisha - A Case Study of Women Federation ‘Aparajita’

SHG Groups and Empowerment Issues in Odisha - A Case Study of Women Federation ‘Aparajita’

Traditional Chinese medicine shenhuang granule in patients with severe/critical COVID-19: A randomized controlled multicenter trial

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a pandemic, with a high mortality rate in severe/critical cases. Therapies based on the Shenghuang Granule have proved helpful in viral infection and septic shock. Hypothesis/PurposeThe objective of the current study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the traditional Chinese medicine, Shenhuang Granule, with standard care in hospitalized patients with severe/critical COVID-19. Study Design and MethodsThis was an open-label, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial. At 4 medical centers, a total of 111 severe/critical patients were randomly assigned to receive Shenhuang Granule (SHG group) twice a day for 14 days, in addition to standard care, or to receive standard care alone (Control group). The maximal follow up time was 75 days. The clinical endpoint was clinical improvement and mortality. Results54 patients were assigned to the control group and 57 to the SHG group. The overall mortality was 75.9% (41/54) in the control group, and 38.6% (22/57) in the SHG group (p < 0.01 vs. control). The post hoc analysis showed that in the severe category, the mortality of the control group vs. the SHG group was 58.8% (10/17) vs. 5.3% (1/19) (p < 0.01); while in the critical category, it was 83.8% (31/37) vs. 55.3% (21/38) (p < 0.05). In the severe category, the mortality of patients who eventually received an invasive ventilator in the control vs. the SHG group was 58.8% (10/17) vs. 0 (0/19) (p < 0.01). Administration of SHG was associated with increased lymphocytes and decreased adverse events. ConclusionShenhuang Granule is a promising integrative therapy for severe and critical COVID-19.

Evaluation of circuit lifetime in continuous renal replacement therapy using two types of polysulfone membranes

BackgroundFor continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) to achieve an adequate therapeutic effect, prolonged stable administration and a long circuit lifetime are needed. The effects of hemofilters produced using various kinds of materials on circuit lifetime in CVVH have been examined, but no studies have investigated the effects of the length, diameter, or surface coating of hollow fibers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the circuit lifetime in CVVH retrospectively using two types of polysulfone (PS) membranes.MethodsThe participants were patients with acute kidney injury who underwent CVVH from January to July 2017 at a university hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on the PS membrane used: an SHG group using Hemofeel® SHG (Toray Medical) and an AEF group using Excelflo® AEF (Asahi Kasei Medical). The SHG hemofilter has a longer and thinner hollow fiber than the AEF hemofilter. The target CVVH duration was 48 h. Circuit lifetime was defined as the time until a CVVH malfunction was identified. A CVVH malfunction was defined as a problem in extracorporeal circulation or either a 100-mmHg increase in the inlet chamber pressure or a 50-mmHg decrease in the filtration chamber pressure from baseline. During CVVH, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) change rate from baseline (at 0.5 h after initiation) was monitored.ResultsThe SHG and AEF groups comprised eight and nine patients and underwent 10 and 14 sessions, respectively. No significant differences were seen between groups in patient characteristics or blood or filtration flow rate during CVVH. Although circuit lifetime tended to be longer in the SHG group, no significant differences in circuit lifetime were found between the two groups. The TMP change rate at 12 h after CVVH and thereafter was significantly higher in the AEF than that in the SHG group.ConclusionIn spite of using the same material, differences in the shape of the hollow fibers and surface treatment of the membrane affected the TMP change rate during CVVH in critically ill patients. To maximize circuit lifetimes, hemofilters should be chosen based on not only their materials but also their shape and membrane surface treatment.Trial registrationThe patients in this study were registered retrospectively. Registered 12 July 2018 (302-54).

Kelompok Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa Di Desa Bongkot

Integrated service posts (posyandu) and families have a very important role in the healing rate of patients with mental disorders. In the Bongkot Village Office, posyandu mental has been established because of the high number of cases of mental disorders in the area. Many patients with ODGJ were found in their families because they were considered dangerous, the patients were not cared for, were ostracized by their families, the family considered that the patients could not be cured anymore and the family was embarrassed when they were found to have family members who had mental disorders. The method given is to conduct training for partners in order to be able to therapeutic group activities, to do psychoeducation for the community, especially ODGJ family groups, to conduct counseling related to mental health service systems, to form SHG groups in families, provide training in making skills and farming. The outputs of the proposed PKM program are publications that will be published in accredited national journals, national seminar proceedings, publications on mass media, product quality and quantity improvement, textbooks, community understanding and skills improvement, health improvement in ODGJ patients, system improvement.&#x0D;

Effect of severe hyperemesis gravidarum on maternal vascular endothelial health: evaluation of soluble adhesion molecules

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the effect of severe hyperemesis gravidarum (sHG) on maternal vascular endothelial health with evaluation of soluble adhesion molecules.Method: The study population consisted of two groups of pregnant participants between 18 and 35 years of age who were between 5 and 13 weeks of gestation: sHG group and a healthy control group. A group of 26 participants whose pregnancies were complicated by sHG was compared with 26 healthy participants regarding serum levels of the soluble adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule one (sVCAM-1), as well as other biochemical markers. The two groups had similar baseline characteristics.Results: Maternal baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Serum levels of E-selectin (p < .001), sICAM-1 (p < .001), and sVCAM-1 (p < .001) were higher in the sHG group compared with the control group. Higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and sodium levels, serum osmolarity, and urine density (p < .001, < .001, .006, .041, and .001, respectively) were also observed in the sHG group compared with the control group.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that sHG could impact endothelial cell function and these changes represented hypovolemia and dehydration caused by severe vomiting. Large-scale studies are required to understand the clinical importance of this finding regarding the long-term consequences and underlying mechanisms of elevated sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin synthesis.

Ties That Bind?Kinship and Female Enterprise Creation in Rural India

In LMICs, a large number of female run enterprises are small businesses, mostly with one employee, the female owner, which are often home based and operate outside existing regulatory systems. Within the South-Asian context, particularly, there is evidence to suggest that there are real and significant structures of constrain which act as barriers restricting women’s ability to partake in the labour force. However, this literature is focused on the individual female and her ability to independently pursue employment opportunities. Rarely have the interdependent dynamics of the household context in which female entrepreneurs are embedded and the influence on the household- business nexus been considered. In this paper we focus on this dynamics, specifically on husband’s education, occupation, income and family wealth. We investigate this through unique data collected from over 9800 women belonging to Self Help Groups in the district of Kolar, Karnataka, India. Our main results reveal that husband’s secure occupation and the SHG groups’ husband’s average income support female enterprise creation. In-laws living in the household, when husbands are securely employed, are barriers to female enterprise creation. However, when husbands are securely employed and women have higher agency & decision making ability, it adds to female enterprise creation.

Women Empowerment Index:Construction of a Tool to Measure Rural Women Empowerment Level in India

Poverty ignites the societal gap between men and women, while economic development narrows it down through its gender promotional activities. There is bidirectional relationship between economic development and empowerment of women. Women empowerment, being dependent on complex sociological and economic issues, needs to be measured in terms of specific parameters like ‘access to resources’, ‘decision making capability’ and ‘ability to take a stand’. This particular study develops an Index based on few sector-specific parameters to measure empowerment level of women engaged in Self Help Groups. Both ‘individual empowerment index’ and ‘group empowerment indices’ have been constructed, where‘financial liberty’, ‘ability to take decisions’, ‘heath condition of the women and ‘ability to stand up against the evils of the society’ have been considered as her empowerment parameters. The index was applied on 300 SHG Group members of rural West Bengal, which provided us an idea about the existing level of rural women empowerment in West Bengal.

Impact of Microfinance Programme on Employment Status of the Participants

Microfinance has emerged as a ray of hope among the various measure to wipe out poverty. In India, failure of formal finance to the poor has led to the growth of microfinance. Numerous traditional and informal system of credit was already in existence before microfinance came into vogue. NABARD a regulatory body defined microfinance as “the provision of thrift, saving, credit and financial services and products of very small amount to the poor in rural, semi-urban and urban areas for enabling them to raise their income levels and improve their standard of living”(Sen,2008). The paper also provide the progress of microfinance programme in Uttarakhand on the basis of secondary data. The present paper examines the impact of microfinance programme on employment status of the respondents in the State of Uttarakhand on the basis of primary data collected from the field. As the programme has increased the engagement of SHG group members i.e; participants of the programme economic activities which result in the increase level of employment. Microfinance play an important role in the development of the state as the programme increased the employment status which result beneficiaries to come out of poverty and the standard of living also raised by accessing the basic requirements.

Women Empowerment Index: Construction of a Tool to Measure Rural Women Empowerment Level in India

Poverty ignites the societal gap between men and women, while economic development narrows it down through its gender promotional activities. There is bidirectional relationship between economic development and empowerment of women. Women empowerment, being dependent on complex sociological and economic issues, needs to be measured in terms of specific parameters like ‘access to resources’, ‘decision making capability’ and ‘ability to take a stand’. This particular study develops an Index based on few sector-specific parameters to measure empowerment level of women engaged in Self Help Groups. Both ‘individual empowerment index’ and ‘group empowerment indices’ have been constructed, where ‘financial liberty’, ‘ability to take decisions’, ‘heath condition of the women' and ‘ability to stand up against the evils of the society’ have been considered as her empowerment parameters. The index was applied on 300 SHG Group members of rural West Bengal, which provided us an idea about the existing level of rural women empowerment in West Bengal.

The difficult assessment of the financial inclusion policies in India

Evidence of the importance of financial inclusion for economic growth and development are now well established and documented but little is known about the role institutions and policies can play and how institutional frameworks can support inclusive financial development. This paper is a case study on India, aiming to highlight the successes and difficulties encountered in the country financial development path. The results presented are based on an in-depth literature review and analysis of public secondary data. In the first section we discuss Indian initiatives for financial inclusion which started a decade ago, while in the second section we focus on more recent initiatives centered on digitization. Most of the oldest initiatives, through several changes and evolutions, have played a key role in expending financial inclusion in India, for instance the National Pension System or SHG groups. Public authorities are aware of the value of these schemes and have constantly tried to improve their features, expand their positive results and tackle identified issues. However they had too limited effects to allow the country to reach its goal towards financial inclusion. Moreover new technologies have appeared, opening new scope for financial inclusion, through innovative tools and schemes recently put in place by the public authorities. While we are lacking perspective to evaluate their effects, their preliminary results are encouraging and new schemes and regulations are being set up in this path.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 31-37

Development of Microenterprise Lays on Trade-Off between SHG-Business and Poor Familiess Wage-Job

This paper studies the perplexity of scope for poor families in the establishment of microenterprises through SHG businesses. It is a buzz word in the SHG businesses that a matured SHG group has the capacity to establish microenterprises to support their families with income and employment to enhance their poverty level. The growth hierarchical system of SHGs under the programme seems very easy and it tells that promotion of SHG-business means eradication of poverty and income generation for the masses. But the practical field says something else which may not be suitable to listen because the trade-off between the SHG-business and wage-job is stood as an impediment for internal self motivation of members to the growth and development of microenterprises. This paper tries to analyse in the purview of income earning capacity of members of a group and the situation of trade-off between SHG-business and wage-job. The means of main income sources to run SHG-members’ family is basically the wage-job on which most of them are dependent. In this case the motivational factors of programmes fail to work on the members of SHGs to lure them solely for the business of SHGs. Besides, in practical, income from SHG businesses is not sufficient to manage the household expenditure as well as the cost of capital investment in the businesses of SHGs. Hence, the members from poor families arrive at a decision where have to go for the sustainability of their household. Is it to go for SHG business which cannot supplement their main source of income for their families? Or should they go for wage job that old practice which may give at least some daily support than new one. The wage-job at least can give a way to survive somehow without any risk of failure and without incurring loss for the investment. The resulted explanations in the paper have tried to show some intervening present scenario of micro credit programmes and status of members of group businesses in Meghalaya.

Safety and Efficacy of Sodium Hyaluronate Gel and Chitosan in Preventing Postoperative Peristomal Adhesions After Defunctioning Enterostomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials.

Peristomal adhesions complicate closure of defunctioning enterostomy. The efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate gel and chitosan in preventing postoperative adhesion have not been extensively studied. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sodium hyaluronate gel and chitosan in the prevention of postoperative peristomal adhesions.This was a prospective randomized controlled study. One hundred and fourteen patients undergoing defunctioning enterostomy were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive sodium hyaluronate gel (SHG group) or chitosan (CH group) or no antiadhesion treatment (CON group) during defunctioning enterostomy. The safety outcomes included toxicities, stoma-related complications, and short-term and long-term postoperative complications. Eighty-seven (76.3%) of the 114 patients received closure of enterostomy, during which occurrence and severity of intra-abdominal adhesions were visually assessed by a blinded assessor.Incidence of adhesion appears to be lower in patients received sodium hyaluronate gel or chitosan but differences did not reach a significant level (SHG group vs CH group vs CON group: 62.1% vs 62.1% vs 82.8%, P = 0.15). Compared with the CON group, severity of postoperative adhesion was significantly decreased in the SHG and CH group (SHG group vs CH group vs CON group: 31.0% vs 27.6% vs 62.1%; P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative complications and other safety outcomes among the 3 groups.Sodium hyaluronate gel or chitosan smeared around the limbs of a defunctioning enterostomy was safe and effective in the prevention of postoperative peristomal adhesions.