Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Research Articles

FACILITATING LEGAL ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING THROUGH SIOP MODEL (SHELTERED INSTRUCTION OBSERVATION PROTOCOL)

Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) is an instructional model for lesson planning and delivery for making content in English more comprehensible for non-native English speakers. If applied to teaching Legal English (LE), it might be useful for both teachers and students. The aim of this paper is to propose a model for teaching LE at university level, based on the SIOP principles. The specificity of legal terminology, the differences among legal systems in the countries, students’ lack of knowledge from the legal field and English teachers’ lack of professional knowledge have been pointed out in the literature as some of the main challenges in teaching LE. However, it seems that no systematic approach has been identified to overcome these challenges. With this study we intended to contribute to that gap. It utilized both quantitative and qualitative research methodology. Conclusions were made based on the findings from two instruments: a questionnaire with forty (40) students of LE at the South East European University (SEEU) in North Macedonia and their reflections. For the reflection activity, students were first delivered a LE lesson based on the SIOP principles and then they were asked to reflect on the experience and compare it to the regular language lessons. Findings revealed that students consider the SIOP lesson more comprehensible than the regular lesson with regard to the most challenging areas of the LE courses, identified from the literature review.

What is Wrong with the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model? An Analytical Study of the Model

The settlement of immigrants with different tongues in the United States urged the official authorities in the field of education to adopt the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model as a new salvation teaching method in such a way as to help them accelerate their integration in society and at school. The model, which proved its adequacy on the academic level, is an instructional framework that is designed to teach English learners language and content areas alongside with their classmates whose first language is English. However, the SIOP turned out to be a classical-like and a teacher-centered model that restricts the students’ learning, which is counterproductive. Our analysis of a SIOP lesson in terms of the learning components, which should be taken into consideration from the beginning of the learning until the end, unveiled some of its limitations which introduces us to an assumption that is based on the fact that says this is how learning should be handled. Such pitfalls witnessed among non-language teachers in terms of implementation, especially among beginners, sound too exhausting and challenging. Hence, what the SIOP provides turned out to be a set of some well-designed practices that are ready made for use, which questions the utility of the model in terms of its performance as far as the learners’ linguistic needs are concerned. The model provides weak feedback and less interaction among the learners in both content and language classes. Keywords: SIOP, linguistic needs, English language learners, learning components, best practices, the observation protocol scale. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-35-04 Publication date: December 31 st 2022

DESIGNING LITERACY E-COACHING MODEL FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN INDONESIA

This multi-year study which took place in 2019-2021 aims to design a literacy e-coaching model for EFL Junior High School teachers in Indonesia in support of the government-initiated school-based literacy movement program. The study involved 150 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers from 16 provinces in Indonesia in the need analysis part, 12 teachers in the module development part and 41 teachers in the implementation part. Two kinds of modules were developed during the study, namely: (1) a literacy enrichment module to reinforce the participants’ literacy content knowledge; and (2) a literacy learning module to enhance the participants’ competence in teaching literacy. Afterwards, two coaching cycles using the modules were implemented. The coaching cycles were designed by adapting the coaching models from Rogers and Rogers (2007) and Trinh et al. (2011), as well as adopting the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (2017) model. Data was collected from questionnaires, tests, observations, videos, expert judgment, and discussion groups and analyzed using model validation, descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that the literacy e-coaching model enhanced the participants’ competences in literacy teaching, as the results demonstrated the amalgamation of the models to be effective.

How to Incorporate Language Form, Function, and Structure in the SIOP Model Lessons

The paper looks at the current practice of CBI (Content-Based Instruction) and the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model as dominant methodological approaches of teaching a foreign or second language (FL/SL) and proposes some useful teaching strategies for the development of L2 skills not only in the public school system of the USA but for similar teaching environments in other countries where English is a medium of instruction of at least a few content subjects. The paper specifically addresses the difficulties many in-service and novice teachers experience during the SIOP lesson planning to come up with meaningful language teaching objectives in order to facilitate learning of both content and all four basic language skills such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking (Bautista & Castañeda, 2011, Bigelow & Ranney, 2005, among others). The main proposal of the paper on how to advance these skills is informed by the best practices of teaching and learning that follow English Language Development (ELD) standards of certain states and International TESOL standards. With these guiding documents and teaching principles drawn from a variety of reputable sources, the paper offers some hands-on strategies and teaching scenarios that could potentially enhance the focus on linguistic form, function, and structure during content lessons to facilitate L2 learning, and this focus includes word decomposition skills that are instrumental in vocabulary learning and complex syntactic structures such as passives during teaching Social Studies and Math lessons. The paper will be useful for both inservice teachers and teacher candidates who are preparing to deliver sheltered courses of various subjects in schools such as Math, Science, Social Studies, Language Arts, and so on. The paper also touches on the division of labor between content teachers and ELS professionals on how they need to collaborate to be able to better serve L2 learners at the various stages of L2 skill development.

CLIL and SIOP: an effective partnership?

ABSTRACT This case study examines the use of the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP®) Model as a framework in the design of an in-service training to answer CLIL teachers’ methodological needs to integrate content and language. The study also analyzes teachers’ receptiveness of the use of SIOP in a CLIL bilingual program to facilitate the integration of content and language. It follows case study methodology and draws on thematic analysis to examine data collected from teacher interviews, questionnaires and observations of the training workshop. Findings showed that one of teachers’ main difficulties was their lack of academic language awareness, and it is concluded that extensive professional development training drawing on some of the principles behind SIOP could assist CLIL teachers to integrate language in content classes. Teachers’ receptiveness of using the SIOP concludes its suitability as a PD training to help non-language specialist teachers systematically plan for language in their content classes. However, adaptations of the Model are suggested to adjust to CLIL contexts and teachers’ needs.

A Study of College Students’ Foreign Language Anxiety in English Learning Based on the Teaching Model of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol

Foreign language anxiety in English learning has always been a major focus of English teaching research. How to relieve English majors’ foreign language anxiety and improve their classroom participation becomes an imperative issue for English teachers. Based on the American teaching model of Sheltered Teaching and Observation Protocol (SIOP), this study explores whether the SIOP teaching model can help relieve English learning anxiety. The experiment on 60 freshmen majoring in business English shows that the SIOP model can relieve students’ foreign language learning anxiety and improve their classroom participation. The SIOP teaching model is worth popularizing in business English teaching.

Improving English language arts instruction in Indiana dual language bilingual education classrooms

This paper reports on a mixed methods systematic classroom observation study as part of a federally funded project to improve instruction for English language learners (ELLs) in Indiana Dual Language Bilingual Education (DLBE) classrooms. Participating DLBE teachers received professional development through online ELL licensure and DLBE certificate coursework along with on-site sociocultural instructional coaching. Participants include 15 teachers (7 treatment DLBE teachers; 8 comparison non-DLBE teachers). We observed and video recorded each teacher’s English language arts (ELA) block four times over 18 months to examine changes over time and determine the impact of the coursework and coaching on their instructional practices. Using the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP), we compare the scores of the two groups over time. We also provide analytic classroom vignettes for six of the eight SIOP components to illustrate how treatment teachers’ instruction improved over time. The findings generally demonstrate that the treatment led to improvements in the overall quality of sheltered ELA instruction of the DLBE teachers, but also reveal areas in need of more attention within DLBE teacher professional development. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2022.2032731.

Effect of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol [SIOP] Model on Eighth-Grade Students’ Academic Achievement in English

School education in Pakistan has allocated resources to upsurge English language learners (ELLs) academic achievement. But in spite of concerted efforts, students of English language specifically at elementary level continue to lag behind in their academic achievement. Additionally, English language teachers feel themselves unequipped to fulfill the linguistics and academic needs of these learners without relevant professional development training. The main objective of this quasi experimental pre-test post-test design study, therefore, was to analyze the effect of SIOP model on students’ achievement in English in comparison with students who were not taught using this model. All the students enrolled in grade 8th in elementary schools of district Lodhran served as study population. Two intact/pre-existing sections of grade 8th in two elementary schools were taken as study sample. One section with 32 students (experimental group) was taught using SIOP model while the other section with 40 students (control group) received instruction with conventional methods. The inferential analysis of pre-test post-test data exhibited statistically significant differences in experimental group students’ English achievement level who received instruction with SIOP. Findings of this study suggest that the use of SIOP model has positive effect on English language learners (ELLs) academic achievement as well as closing the English achievement gap. Finally, this study provides valuable implications for teachers, school administrators and policy makers to improve academic performance of English language learners.

A Case Study of the Effectiveness of Online Graduate Teacher Education in TESOL

A cadre of school teachers took part in three semesters of online coursework to earn TESOL certification. They participated in a hybrid university math course and a face-to-face summer institute on effective teaching of math to English learners. Participants took pre and post-tests aligned to Common Core elementary mathematics content and the Praxis Test for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. They were observed teaching a math lesson in the beginning of the project to evaluate effectiveness in TESOL instructional strategies. A follow up observation was conducted the following semester. Both observations were scored using the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP Model). Assessment and observation results indicated statistically significant growth in content and pedagogical knowledge and application. A qualitative analysis suggests flexibility in the form of online and hybrid courses, financial support, and practical application of new concepts to current practice are key factors in successful professional development for practicing teachers.

Developing EFL Student Teachers' Professional Competence through the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model

Developing EFL Student Teachers' Professional Competence through the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model

Enhancing the sheltered instruction observation protocol ( SIOP) model with technology for developing secondary school EFL teachers' effective teaching skills and their students' English language achievement

The present research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of enhancing the SIOP model with technology for developing secondary school EFL teachers' effective teaching skills and language achievement of first year secondary school students. The research followed the quasi experimental design. It included two samples ; the first was (20) first year secondary school teachers which participated as an experimental group. The other sample was 80 first year secondary school students who were divided into two equivalent groups ;90 students participated in a control group, the other 90 students participated as an experimental group. Materials of the research consisted of the SiOP model enhanced with technology, a training program for teachers based on the SIOP model enhanced with technology. Instruments of the research consisted of effective teaching observation sheet and language achievement test. Results of the study revealed the highly degree of effectiveness of the modified SIOP model enhanced with technology on both secondary school EFL teachers' effective teaching skills and students' language achievement.

Utilizing SIOP lesson video demonstrations as a springboard for reflection: A collaborative self-study of EL teachers

This collaborative self-study explored three graduate students’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges of viewing, editing, and sharing lesson demonstrations based on Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP). The researchers also examined how university instructors could promote reflection through the lesson demonstration process. The study consisted of four qualitative forms of data collection. First, the researchers interviewed participants regarding their experiences viewing, editing, and sharing their videos. Then, they examined participants’ written reflections of their lesson demonstration, focusing on best practices for teaching English learners (ELs). Using the constant comparative method, they coded the interview transcripts, participant reflections, and instructor feedback. Researchers performed a document analysis of course materials (e.g., instructions, rubrics, lesson plan templates) to better understand and contextualize participants’ perceptions of the lesson demonstration process within the course. The findings indicated that participants benefited from the process in a variety of ways, while experiencing minimal or no challenges. In reviewing and editing the footage, participants expressed how they were able to view their teaching from a new vantage point and identify unique opportunities for future growth from other professional development strategies. Due to participants’ limited sharing of the video, this stage of the process was not fully explored.

THE SIOP MODEL AS AN EMPOWERING TEACHING METHOD FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS - A STUDY CASE

The increase in the needs of the English language learners (ELLs) and their endless demands in terms of achievement and proficiency in all the educational systems all over the world urged teachers and educators to call for new teaching strategies that sound more adequate and appropriate in the classroom. The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model emerged as one of the worldwide prominent teaching methods that guarantee the ELLs success, especially when it has to do with the understanding of the content and language learning meanwhile. With its diverse culture and prominent engagement in terms of education, Morocco represents a fertile field for the implementation of the SIOP Model that has proven in different contexts its adequacy in helping ELLs achieve proficiency. This study is about a quasi-experimental research that is implemented in an urban school known for its diversification in terms of mother tongue, socio-economic status, gender, and background. Given these different circumstances of the learners, the findings reported after the adoption of the SIOP Model as a teaching approach showed that it is a reliable and adequate teaching method in terms of content and language proficiency. The use of wh-questions as key indicators to measure the learners’ capacity of understanding and responding correctly throughout the experiment phase showed the superiority of the ELLs in the SIOP classes in contrast to the learners in the mainstream classes. This superiority is embodied, especially in terms of the high scores obtained in providing correct answers in a short duration of time. 
 
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The Effectiveness of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model of Developing Mathematical Achievement in Preparatory Year Female Students at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University: فاعلية نموذج التدريس الوقائي (SIOP) في تنمية لدى طالبات السنة التحضيرية في جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model in teaching mathematics in English language for the preparatory year in improving the level of mathematical achievement. To achieve the aims of the research, the mixed design of the concurrent type was used, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously. The study was applied to a sample of (167) students in the preparatory year of Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University for the first applied track. They were divided into two experimental groups that were taught Mathematics using the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model and two control groups that were taught Mathematics using the usual standard method. The groups were subjected to an achievement test, and a sample was chosen according to the level of the achievement test for individual interviews. The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant difference at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the average score of the female students in the control groups who were taught according to the traditional method, and those in the experimental groups who were taught according to the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model in the achievement test, in favor of the experimental group. Additionally, the use of the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model also had a high impact on the size of the achievement test by more than 0.14 as measured by squared Eta effect size. The use of the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model was characterized by high effectiveness in developing mathematical achievement for students of the preparatory year in the experimental groups. The research also recommended the importance of training teachers on how to prepare and apply the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model, paying attention to activities that combine content and language

Implementation of the Sheltered Instructional Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model in the Saudi Classroom: EFL Teachers’ Perspectives

This study evaluates the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) model and its application in the Saudi classroom from the English language teachers’ perspective. The study used a descriptive study design, with a selected sample of 300 male and female English language teachers from elementary and middle schools. The research conducted a group-wide comparison using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings illustrate that educational qualification, career status, job experience and training courses substantially affect application of the SIOP model in the classroom. Results also show that technical, financial capabilities and teachers' qualifications enable the SIOP implementation in the Saudi classroom. The study suggests the implementation of the SIOP model for the sake of transitioning from the traditional English language education system to more advanced methods concerned with the systematic evaluation of English language teachers and classroom environment standards. The recommendation includes training teachers on the SIOP model and emphasizes providing other countries with the guidelines related to SIOP implementation in the English classroom.

Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model: An Effective Way of Promoting Teacher Candidates’ Self-Efficacy in Teaching English Language Learners

Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model: An Effective Way of Promoting Teacher Candidates’ Self-Efficacy in Teaching English Language Learners

Observed Effects of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Methods in Education of Students in Uganda [Kennesaw State University

Researchers have examined the effects of the SIOP, Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol, model on English Language Learners (ELLs) in the United States. With the SIOP model, teachers use research-based instruction that benefits all students including ELL students. However, there is a need to examine its effects for students in other countries. This study compares the performance and engagement of students in a rural setting in Uganda when they experience instruction that follows parts of the SIOP model. Many students in Uganda struggle in mathematics because of the lack of support due to class sizes of about 65-105 students. This study will highlight the use of researched methods for ELLs within the United States for students in other countries, such as Uganda, that will help students in Uganda’s educational system. Based on the observations of participation, engagement, and performance on the tests given by the researcher during this study, the data gathered from the researcher and the local teachers will show that the methods are working for the students at Ekitangaala. The analysis of this observational data has resulted in cross-cultural symbiotic pedagogical learning. The results show that the students are more engaged when they are learning in an environment that employs SIOP researched methods and better retain content for testing which allowed for better performance.

Developing Reading Comprehension Skills Using Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol ( SIOP) among EFL Students

T his study aimed at developing reading comprehension skills using Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) among second-year English majors at the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Translation, Misr University for Science and Technology. The English reading comprehension skills were identified through developing a checklist. In light of the skills identified, a pre-post reading comprehension test was constructed and validated by a panel of EFL jurors .The participants, totaling 68, were divided into two equal groups of 34 students in the experimental group and 34 students in the control. The experimental group students received English reading comprehension instruction using SIOP model, while the control group students received regular reading comprehension instruction. The findings of the study showed that the experimental group students outperformed the control group students in reading comprehension skills.

Are Principles of the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model Promoting ESL Teaching and Learning?

Are Principles of the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model Promoting ESL Teaching and Learning?

The Impact of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model on Student Teachers’ Teaching Skills and Self-efficacy

The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of sheltered instruction observation protocol on student teachers’ teaching skills and self-efficacy. Questions formulated to achieve the purpose of the study focused on. (1) Determining the teaching skills necessary for the EFL student teachers. (2) Finding out differences in both EFL student teachers’ teaching performance observation checklist experimental and control group. (3) Finding out differences in both EFL student teachers’ self-efficacy scale of experimental and control group. Twenty two EFL student teachers constituted the sample for this study and two instruments-designed by the researchers- were used for data collection. Results indicated that students of experimental group outperformed their counterparts of control group in EFL teaching performance. The effect of sheltered instruction observation protocol model on student teachers teaching skills and self-efficacy was profound and significant. Sheltered instruction observation protocol model was very motivating for student teachers and gave them opportunities to make decisions and be creative.