Shelled Moringa Oleifera Research Articles

Domestic Water Filter for Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Water

The feasibility and efficacy of continuous up flow filter packed with Shelled Moringa Oleifera Seed (SMOS) powder for the evacuation of As(V) from polluted water was explored by varying SMOS dose, initial As(V) intensity, and adsorbate flow rate. The finding from fixed column operations depicted that highest As(V) uptake, breakthrough, and saturation time improved with rise in SMOS dosage and with decline in volumetric flow rate. The highest As (V) uptake attained was 55.41 μg g-1 at 100 μg L-1 As(V) intensity, 6 g of SMOS, and flow rate of 2 mL min-1. The breakthrough curves of As(V) removal were modeled by Thomas model and results depicted that the Thomas model delivers excellent similarity with experimental data. From practical and economic view, the filter packed with SMOS might be exceptionally employed as a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for the evacuation of As(V) in polluted water for rural household applications.

Adsorption behavior of dyes from aqueous solution using agricultural waste: modeling approach

The development of efficient and ecofriendly biosorbent for the removal of dyes is a priority in regions where human health is directly affected by elevated dye concentrations. Biosorption of dyes on shelled Moringa oleifera seed powder (SMOS) was investigated for the removal of methylene blue and Congo red from aqueous solution. Sorption studies led to the standardization of the optimum conditions: dye concentration (25 mg/l), contact time (40 min), particle size (105 μM), and volume (200 ml) at pH 6.5 and 2.5 for the removal of methylene blue (90.27 %) and Congo red (98.52 %). A single layer artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to simulate the process and predict the removal efficiency of SMOS for the removal of dyes. Different ANN architectures were tested by varying network topology, resulting into an excellent agreement between the experimental data and the predicted values. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was found best of BP algorithms with a minimum mean squared error for training and cross validation as 1.89951E−09 and 0.145001313, respectively.

Effect of storage of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds from reaping time on turbidity removal

Moringa oleifera is an indigenous plant to Malaysia whose seeds are used for water purification. Many studies on Moringa oleifera have shown that it is highly effective as a natural coagulant for turbidity removal. In this study, two different methods for extraction of Moringa's active ingredient were investigated. Results of sodium chloride (NaCl) and distilled water extraction of Moringa oleifera seeds showed that salt solution extraction was more efficient than distilled water in extracting Moringa's active coagulant ingredient. The optimum dosage of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds extracted by the NaCl solution was comparable with that of the conventional chemical coagulant alum. Moreover, the turbidity removal efficiency was investigated for shelled Moringa oleifera seeds before drying in the oven under different storage conditions (i.e. open and closed containers at room temperature, 27 °C) and durations (fresh, and storage for 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks from the time the seeds were picked from the trees). Our results indicate that there are no significant differences in coagulation efficiencies and, accordingly, turbidity removals between the examined storage conditions and periods.

Neural Network Modeling for Ni(II) Removal from Aqueous System Using Shelled Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder as an Agricultural Waste

A single-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using shelled Moringa Oleifera seed (SMOS) powder. Batch experiments resulted into standardization of optimum conditions: biomass dosage (4.0 g), Ni(II) concentration (25 mg/L) volume (200 mL) at pH 6.5. A time of forty minutes was found sufficient to achieve the equilibrium. The ANN model was designed to predict sorption efficiency of SMOS for target metal ion by combining back propagation (BP) with principle component analysis. A sigmoid axon was used as transfer function for input and output layers. The Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) was applied, giving a minimum mean squared error (MSE) for training and cross validation at the ninth place of decimal.

Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Sorption of Cadmium from Aqueous System by Shelled Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder as an Agricultural Waste

A two-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using shelled Moringa Oleifera seed (SMOS) powder. Batch experiments re-sulted into standardization of optimum conditions: biomass dosage (4.0 g), Cd(II) concentration (25 mg/L) volume (200 mL) at pH 6.5. A time of forty minutes was found sufficient to achieve the equilibrium. The ANN model was designed to predict sorption efficiency of SMOS for target metal ion by combining back propagation (BP) with principle component analysis. A sigmoid axon was used as transfer function for input and output layer. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was applied, giving a minimum mean squared error (MSE) for training and cross validation at the ninth place of decimal.

Removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) from aqueous environment using Moringa Oleifera seeds as biosorbent: A low cost and ecofriendly technique for water purification

Ever-growing list of chemical contaminants released into the environment through excessive industrialization on a large scale includes numerous chemical pollutants more prominently heavy metals. The discharge of heavy metals in aqueous system and their removal have been a challenging task for environmentalists for last one decade. Keeping these views in mind, the present study highlights the efficacy of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) in decontaminating Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous environment both present as single metal and as binary metal solution. The extent of adsorption capacity for Cd (II) and Pb (II) on Moringa oleifera seeds for binary metal ions [76.59% and 81.10%] was found to be low as compared to single metal ions [85.10% and 96.10%]. Morphological changes observed in Scanning Electron Micrographs of native and treated SMOS indicates the existence of biosorption phenomenon. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry of the exhausted seed biomass highlights amino acids-metal interaction responsible for sorption phenomenon. The sorption capacity of regenerated biomass remained almost constant after three cycle of sorption suggesting that the lifetime cycle was sufficient for continuous application.

Biosorption of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from aqueous systems using shelled Moringa oleifera seeds

The present study explores the sorption properties of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) for removal of two environmentally important oxidation states of chromium (trivalent and hexavalent) from an aqueous system on the laboratory scale. Sorption studies reveal the optimum conditions for the removal of 81.02%; Cr (III) and 88.15% Cr (VI) as follows: biomass dosage (4.0 g), metal concentration [25mg/L for Cr (III); 50mg/L for Cr (VI)], contact time (40 minutes) at pH 6.5 and 2.5 respectively. The adsorption data were found to fit well both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Characterization of the seed powder by FTIR showed the clear presence of amino acid moieties having both positively charged amino and negatively charged carboxylic groups and confirmed that biosorption involves amino acid-chromium interactions. SEM studies of native and exhausted [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)] treated SMOS revealed large spherical clusters having a pore area of 8.66 µm2 in the case of native SMOS while dense agglomerated etched dendrite type morphology have a pore area of 0.80 µm2 in Cr (III) and 0.78 µm2 in Cr (VI) treated SMOS The spent biosorbent was regenerated and found to be effectively reusable for four cycles.

Ternary biosorption studies of Cd(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) on shelled Moringa oleifera seeds

Competitive biosorption of Cd(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) on unmodified shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) present in ternary mixture were compared with the single metal solution. The extent of adsorption capacity of the ternary metal ions tested on unmodified SMOS was low (10–20%) as compared to single metal ions. SMOS removed the target metal ions in the selectivity order of Cd(II) > Cr(III) > Ni(II). Sorption equilibria, calculated from adsorption data, explained favorable performance of biosorption system. Regeneration of exhausted biomass was also attempted for several cycles with a view to restore the sorbent to its original state.

Biosorption studies on shelled Moringa oleifera Lamarck seed powder: Removal and recovery of arsenic from aqueous system

The present study explores the unexploited sorption property of the shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) for decontamination of arsenic from water bodies. Sorption studies (batch experiments) result into the standardization of optimum conditions for removal of 60.21% As(III) and 85.60% As(V) as follows: biomass dosage (2.0 g), metal concentration (25 mg/L), contact time (60 min) and volume of the test solution (200 ml) at pH 7.5 and 2.5, respectively. The adsorption data are fitted with Langmuir isotherm. Surface area has been measured using BET surface area analyzer. Morphological changes observed in scanning electron micrograph of native and treated SMOS indicates the existence of biosorption process. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of exhausted seed biomass highlights protein/amino acid–arsenic interactions responsible for sorption phenomenon. Regeneration has also been attempted for several cycles with a view to restore the sorbent to its original state. The sorption capacity of the regenerated biomass remained almost constant after three cycles of sorption process, suggesting that the lifetime cycle was sufficient for continuous application. The findings open up new avenues in the decontamination of arsenic using SMOS from arsenic contaminated water, as domestic and environment-friendly safe technology.

Removal of cadmium from aqueous system by shelled Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder

The present study explores the unexploited sorption properties of the plant Moringa oleifera Lam. for decontamination of Cd at laboratory scale. Sorption studies using standard practices were carried out in batch experiments as functions of biomass dosage, contact time, metal concentrations, particle size and pH. Percentage sorption in each case was computed on the basis of Cd estimation using a planar NaI (TI) detector coupled to a 4 K MCA (Canberra Accuspec Card with PC-AT 386). The adsorption data accurately in a Freundlich isotherm. Sorption studies resulted in the standardization of optimum conditions for removal of Cd (85.10%) as follows: biomass dosage (4.0 g), metal concentration (25 μg/ml), contact time (40 min) and volume of the test solution (200 ml) at pH 6.5. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry highlighted amino acid–Cd interactions responsible for sorption phenomenon. The findings open up new avenues in the removal of toxic metals by shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) from water bodies as low cost, domestic and environmentally friendly safe technology.

Moringa oleifera seeds as a flocculant in waste sludge treatment

In this study the results of a laboratory based investigation to determine the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seeds as a flocculant for activated sludge treatment are presented. Waste sludge samples are activated sludge from Taman Dr. Tun. Ismail Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment plant, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Moringa oleifera seed was applied as dry powder (shelled blended), solution (shelled blended), and solution (shelled blended oil extracted). Results of vacuum filtration studies showed that residual sludge volume of up to 11%, 20% and 45% for shelled blended oil extracted, shelled blended, and control (no Moringa applied), respectively, was achievable. Sludge volume reduction of up to 67% was achievable using gravity settling for shelled blended solution and 48% for shelled blended oil extracted respectively compared to the control. The shelled blended category applied in powder form performed the same as the solution of shelled blended but performed better than the shelled blended oil extracted category in gravity settling. The specific cake resistance of sludge treated with shelled blended Moringa oleifera averaged 2.5 x 1012m/kg at 4000mg/l dosage. Vegetable oil from the shelled Moringa oleifera of up to 30% was obtained as a by product.

Active agents and mechanism of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera is a tropical plant whose seeds contain an edible oil and water soluble substance which has excellent coagulation properties for treating water and wastewater. The efficiency and properties of Moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant in water treatment were studied and compared with alum, which is presently the most widely used industrial coagulant. It is show that the active agents in aqueous Moringa extracts are dimeric cationic proteins, having molecular weight of 13 kDa and isoelectric points between 10 and 11. The mechanism of coagulation with Moringa oleifera appears to consist of adsorption and neutralization of the colloidal charges. Compared to alum, the optimal dosage of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds was almost the same (50 mg/l). In case of the non-shelled seeds, the dosage is greater (500 mg/l) for low initial turbidity waters. The purified proteins are more effective coagulants than alum. As a coagulant, Moringa is non-toxic and biodegradable. It is environmentally friendly, and unlike alum, does not significantly affect the pH and conductivity of the water after the treatment. Sludge produced by coagulation with Moringa is not only innocuous but also four to five times less in volume than the chemical sludge produced by alum coagulation. So, as a coagulant, Moringa oleifera may be a potentially viable substitute to alum.