Shelf Life Of Bakery Products Research Articles

Characterization of Beeswax and Rice Bran Wax Oleogels Based on Different Types of Vegetable Oils and Their Impact on Wheat Flour Dough Technological Behavior during Bun Making.

Five varieties of vegetable oil underwent oleogelation with two types of wax as follows: beeswax (BW) and rice bran wax (RW). The oleogels were analyzed for their physicochemical, thermal, and textural characteristics. The oleogels were used in the bun dough recipe at a percentage level of 5%, and the textural and rheological properties of the oleogel doughs were analyzed using dynamic and empirical rheology devices such as the Haake rheometer, the Rheofermentometer, and Mixolab. The thermal properties of beeswax oleogels showed a melting peak at a lower temperature for all the oils used compared with that of the oleogels containing rice bran wax. Texturally, for both waxes, as the percentage of wax increased, the firmness of the oleogels increased proportionally, which indicates better technological characteristics for the food industry. The effect of the addition of oleogels on the viscoelastic properties of the dough was measured as a function of temperature. All dough samples showed higher values for G' (storage modulus) than those of G″ (loss modulus) in the temperature range of 20-90 °C, suggesting a solid, elastic-like behavior of all dough samples with the addition of oleogels. The influence of the beeswax and rice bran oleogels based on different types of vegetable oils on the thermo-mechanical properties of wheat flour dough indicated that the addition of oleogels in dough recipes generally led to higher dough stability and lower values for the dough development time and those related to the dough's starch characteristics. Therefore, the addition of oleogels in dough recipes inhibits the starch gelatinization process and increases the shelf life of bakery products.

Does sourdough bread provide clinically relevant health benefits?

During the last decade, scientific interest in and consumer attention to sourdough fermentation in bread making has increased. On the one hand, this technology may favorably impact product quality, including flavor and shelf-life of bakery products; on the other hand, some cereal components, especially in wheat and rye, which are known to cause adverse reactions in a small subset of the population, can be partially modified or degraded. The latter potentially reduces their harmful effects, but depends strongly on the composition of sourdough microbiota, processing conditions and the resulting acidification. Tolerability, nutritional composition, potential health effects and consumer acceptance of sourdough bread are often suggested to be superior compared to yeast-leavened bread. However, the advantages of sourdough fermentation claimed in many publications rely mostly on data from chemical and in vitro analyzes, which raises questions about the actual impact on human nutrition. This review focuses on grain components, which may cause adverse effects in humans and the effect of sourdough microbiota on their structure, quantity and biological properties. Furthermore, presumed benefits of secondary metabolites and reduction of contaminants are discussed. The benefits claimed deriving from in vitro and in vivo experiments will be evaluated across a broader spectrum in terms of clinically relevant effects on human health. Accordingly, this critical review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the extent to which sourdough bread may result in measurable health benefits in humans.

Prevention of mold spoilage and extend the shelf life of bakery products using modified mixed nano fermentate of Lactobacillus sp.

Fungal growth and mycotoxin production is the major economic importance in bakery products during manufacturing and storage. So, the present study aimed to prepare chitosan loaded mixed nano-fermentate of three Lactobacillus sp. [L. plantarum, L. helveticus and L. rhamnosus (PHR)] to be used as bio-preservatives in pan bread and cupcake. PHR-nanofermentate were applied in bread samples during mixing the ingredient, injected in bread loaves at the end of fermentation or added as coating materials after baking. Cupcake samples were treated by PHR-nanofermentate during mixing the ingredients or as coating materials after baking. Baking quality, color parameters, sensory properties and mold count of bread and cupcake samples were performed. Bread sample coated with PHR- nanofermentate after baking ranked the highest between the treated samples. Cake samples treated with PHR- nanofermentate during mixing step had higher scores for all sensory attributes compared to the coated cake, except the texture and appearance parameters. PHR-nanofermentate resulted in more effective disappeared mold counts at the end of shelf life for bread and cake. In conclusion, PHR-nanofermentate achieved the intended galas as antimicrobial agent and prolonged the shelf-life, regardless the addition method, in chemically leavened products. However, its addition method to bread and other baked products which utilize baker’s yeast as a leavening should be considered. Finally, this study demonstrates that "PHR" is a good product for the bio-preservation of food.

Development and Application of Edible Coatings with Malva sylvestris L. Extract to Extend Shelf-Life of Small Loaf

Edible coatings that have a recognized ecological effect are an alternative to retard the processes of moisture evaporation and mold growth in bakery products. The aim of the present research was to study the influence of Malva sylvestris L. (mallow) flowers' extract on the antimicrobial activity of edible coatings of three types of polysaccharides, pectin/P/, xanthan/X/ and carboxymethylcellulose/C/, as well as to analyze their effect on the freshness and microbiological status of coated small loaves during storage. It was found that the presence of a mallow extract had a positive effect on the fungicidal and yeasticidal activities of the X and C coatings. The loaves were evaluated for their physical (moisture, color), textural (firmness and crumb firming kinetics) and microbiological characteristics. The coatings (P, X and C) with mallow extract had the strongest moisture-retaining effect on the loaves' crumb. The coatings with X and with P (with/without mallow extract) significantly slowed down the crumb firming process, and the value of the rate constant for the crumb firming (k) is the lowest for the X coating-0.1815 day-1. The smallest changes in the crust color were reported when mallow-based coatings were used. They have also been proven to have the lowest microbial load when they are stored for up to three days. This study shows that polysaccharide edible coatings with an active mallow component have significant potential to extend the shelf life of bakery products.

Functional Polymer and Packaging Technology for Bakery Products.

Polymeric materials including plastic and paper are commonly used as packaging for bakery products. The incorporation of active substances produces functional polymers that can effectively retain the quality and safety of packaged products. Polymeric materials can be used to produce a variety of package forms such as film, tray, pouch, rigid container and multilayer film. This review summarizes recent findings and developments of functional polymeric packaging for bakery products. Functional polymerics are mainly produced by the incorporation of non-volatile and volatile active substances that effectively retain the quality of packaged bakery products. Antimicrobial agents (either synthetic or natural substances) have been intensively investigated, whereas advances in coating technology with functional materials either as edible coatings or non-edible coatings have also preserved the quality of packaged bakery products. Recent patents demonstrate novel structural packaging designs combined with active functions to extend the shelf life of bakery products. Other forms of active packaging technology for bakery products include oxygen absorbers and ethanol emitters. The latest research progress of functional polymeric packaging for bakery products, which provides important reference value for reducing the waste and improving the quality of packaged products, is demonstrated. Moreover, the review systematically analyzed the spoilage factors of baked products from physicochemical, chemical and microbiological perspectives. Functional packaging using polymeric materials can be used to preserve the quality of packaged bakery products.

Biological Activity of Pogostemon cablin Essential Oil and Its Potential Use for Food Preservation

This study aimed to analyze the biological activity of the essential oil Pogostemon cablin (PCEO) to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, insecticidal activity, and chemical composition of the essential oil. We analyzed the structure of biofilms on various surfaces using the MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper and evaluated the antimicrobial effect of the vapor phase of the essential oil in a food model. We determined the main volatile components of PCEO as patchouli alcohol 31.0%, α-bulnesene 21.3%, and α-guaiene 14.3%. The free radical scavenging activity was high and reached 71.4 ± 0.9%, corresponding to 732 ± 8.1 TEAC. The antimicrobial activity against bacteria was weak to moderate. We recorded strong activity against yeast. The antifungal activity was very weak in the contact application. Biofilm-producing bacteria were moderately inhibited by PCEO. The change in biofilm structure due to essential oil was demonstrated by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper analysis. Vapor phase application in a food model showed relatively strong effects against bacteria and significantly higher antifungal efficacy. The insecticidal activity was observed only at higher concentrations of essential oil. Based on the findings, PCEO can be used in the food industry as an antifungal substance in extending the shelf life of bakery products and as protection in the storage of root vegetables.

Date Components as Promising Plant-Based Materials to Be Incorporated into Baked Goods—A Review

Date (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae) fruits and their by-products are rich in nutrients. The health benefits of dates and their incorporation into value-added products have been widely studied. The date-processing industry faces a significant sustainability challenge as more than 10% (w/w) of the production is discarded as waste or by-products. Currently, food scientists are focusing on bakery product fortification with functional food ingredients due to the high demand for nutritious food with more convenience. Utilizing date components in value-added bakery products is a trending research area with increasing attention. Studies where the researchers tried to improve the quality of bakery goods by incorporating date components have shown positive results, with several drawbacks that need attention and further research. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the utilization of date components in bakery products and to identify gaps in the current knowledge. This review will help focus further research in the area of valorization of date by-products and thereby contribute to the generation of novel functional bakery products that meet consumer expectations and industry standards, thus generating income for the relevant industry and considerable alleviation of the environmental burden this waste and by-products contribute to. Only a few studies have been focused on utilizing date by-products and their extracts for baked goods, while a research area still remaining under-explored is the effect of incorporation of date components on the shelf life of bakery products.

Microbiological Assessment and Shelf-Life Determination of Wheat Muffins Enriched with Domesticated African Emperor Moth (<i>Gonimbrasia zambesina</i> Walker) Caterpillar Flour

African emperor moth (Gonimbrasia zambesina) caterpillars are considered healthy food as they are rich in protein and unsaturated fats. In Kenya, G. zambesina caterpillars are predominantly found along the coastal region, where they emerge in during the short and the long rains. The caterpillars forage in the wild on mango (Mangifera indica) leaves and Euclea natalensis (Ericales: Ebenaceae) leaves. The caterpillars are consumed whole or may be transformed into fine flour. The caterpillars’ flour can be utilized in the bakery industry for the enrichment of bakery products since wheat (the major component of bakery products) is low in protein. However, consumers are concerned about the microbiological quality of bakery products enriched with insect flour. There are also concerns about the effect of these insects’ flour on the shelf life of bakery products since they have unsaturated fats. Therefore, this study evaluated the microbial quality and shelf life of wheat muffins enriched with G. zambesina caterpillar flour at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. For all the samples analyzed, total viable count (TVC) was Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected. The colonies for yeast and moulds were an increase in the substitution level. The PVs of enriched wheat muffins increased with an increase in storage time and temperature. The shelf-life of the wheat muffins decreased with an increase in the substitution level of wheat flour with G. zambesina caterpillar flour. The predicted shelf life of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% wheat muffins was 120.0 days, 111.0 days, 103.0 days, 102.0 days and 90.0 days, respectively. Therefore, wheat muffins enriched with G. zambesina caterpillar flour have good microbiological quality and shelf life.

Application of palladium-based oxygen scavenger to extend the mould free shelf life of bakery products

An oxygen scavenging film based on a catalytic system with palladium (CSP) was combined with modified atmosphere (MA) packaging to extend the mould free shelf life (MFSL) of bakery products. Par-baked buns, toast bread and gluten-free bread inoculated with Aspergillus niger spores were packed in normal atmosphere (NA) and under MA (with 2 vol.-% of O2) with or without CSP. Mould growth was detected after 2–3 days on all products packed under NA as well as under MA without CO2 and CSP. Use of CO2 in MA extended the MFSL by 8–10 days, 16–18 days and 3–4 days for par-baked buns, toast and gluten-free bread, respectively. Use of CSP with MA reduced the oxygen concentration in headspace from 2 vol.-% to < 0.01 vol.-% within 105–190 min with all bakery products. This led to a further increase in MFSL of bakery products by 3–9 days.

Cocoa Nanoparticles to Improve the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films to Extend the Shelf Life of Muffins.

A novel nanocomposite whey protein-based film with nanoemulsified cocoa liquor (CL) was prepared using one-stage microfluidization to evaluate the emulsion properties and the effect of CL on the film properties by response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the number of cycles by microfluidization had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the particle size and polydispersity of the nanoemulsion, with a polyphenol retention of approximately 83%. CL decreased the solubility (<21.87%) and water vapor permeability (WVP) (<1.57 g mm h−1 m−2 kPa−1) of the film. FTIR analysis indicated that CL modified the secondary protein structure of the whey protein and decreased the mechanical properties of the film. These results demonstrate that applying the film as a coating is feasible and effective to improve the shelf life of bakery products with a high moisture content. This nanocomposite film is easy to produce and has potential applications in the food industry.

Technological, functional and safety properties of lactobacilli isolates from soft wheat sourdough and their potential use as antimould cultures

Bakery products are a common medium for fungal growth due to their high-water activity and nutrients availability. The application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from wheat bran or other cereals has shown great potential in controlling the growth of spoilage fungi, guarantee quality and prolong the shelf life of bakery products. This study outlines the antifungal, technological, functional and safety properties of autochthonous LAB microbiota isolated from type 0 soft wheat sourdough fermentation. Antifungal activity of 77 LAB belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus casei species isolated from spontaneous sourdough fermentation was tested in vitro against 16 spoilage fungi. Our findings demonstrated that the antifungal activity, enzymatic and safety properties of LAB isolates vary strain-dependently. Four LAB isolates (Lp. plantarum A16, A25, B11, and B15) showed the best traits, in particular strong antifungal activity and good capabilities to produce exopolysaccharides from different carbon sources in vitro. Care should be taken when using Lp. plantarum A310 and B18 and Lc. casei A23, as starter cultures, since these isolates exhibited a multiple antibiotic-resistance. Here we showed the promising potential of different LAB isolates as bio-preservative agents and to provide new insights regarding their prospective use as starter cultures to guarantee safety and palatability.Graphic abstract

A novel natural rubber pressure sensitive adhesive patch amended with cinnamon oil for preserving bakery product

Novel pressure sensitive adhesive natural rubber (NR-PSA) patch incorporated with cinnamon oil (CO) and xyloglucan (XG) was prepared to study the effects on mechanical properties, antimicrobial activity, thermal stability, release rate, and shelf life extension of banana cake. The mechanical property test revealed that the contents of CO (8, 10, 15, 20, and 40 μL/patch) did not significantly affect both T-peel and shear strength of NR-PSA/cinnamon oil (NR-PSA/CO) patch. However, CO enhanced the T-peel by 50 % compared to the control patch (without CO). The antimicrobial efficacy was verified against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger. At 40 μL of incorporated CO, the patch prolonged the storage life of banana cake for 4 days at ambient temperature relative to the control sample. The release of CO from the patch was studied at 75 % relative humidity (RH). The highest release rate was observed at the first 10 days, and slightly increased up to 45 % after 40 days of the test. These findings indicated a potential of using NR-PSA/CO patch to extend the shelf life of bakery products.

Free and encapsulated orange essential oil into a β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex and zein to delay fungal spoilage in cakes

This study investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of orange essential oil (OEO) against Aspergillus spp. and evaluated the activity of free and encapsulated OEO to delay fungal spoilage in cakes. The OEO was encapsulated into a zein and β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex at three concentrations (2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% w/v) by anti‐solvent precipitation method and dried by electrospraying. The OEO inhibited the growth of all Aspergillus species tested. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of OEO were between 45.24 and 90.47 mg/ml and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranged from 45.24 to >180.95 mg/ml. Aspergillus terreus (MV 3529) was the most sensitive to OEO, followed by Aspergillus niger (MV 3531 M 1354), and Aspergillus fumigatus was the most resistant to OEO (MFC of ≥180.95 mg/ml). The OEO delayed the microbiological spoilage of cakes from 30 to 150 days, suggesting its use as a natural antifungal in bakery products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fungal contamination in bakery products generates economic losses to the baking industry and consumers’ dissatisfaction. The addition of chemical preservatives to the process can retard fungal deterioration and prevent this problem. However, consumers have been looking for friendlier and ecologically sustainable preservation techniques as alternatives to chemical additives. These alternatives include the utilization of essential oils (EOs), such as orange essential oil (OEO). Despite several studies stating the antifungal effect of EOs, very few reports the actual application in bakery products. These can be added to cake formulations in the free form or encapsulated into a zein and β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex. In this study, the OEO delayed the microbiological spoilage of cakes from 30 to 150 days, showing that the OEO could be used as an alternative to chemical preservatives, aiming to extend the shelf life of bakery products.

Шляхи подовження тривалості зберігання хліба

The article discusses the problems of bread grain, which are of great social and economic importance. The bread grain is caused by its drying and aging of high polymers ─ starch and protein. As a result of these processes, the hydrophilicity of bread colloids decreases, and the ability of the crumb to swell and absorb water decreases. Factors that influence the grain are the recipe composition, the parameters of the technological bread production regime, the structure of porosity of bread, storage conditions. Many scientists are working to extend the shelf life of bakery products. It is a well-known practice of the shelf life of bakery products extention using enzyme preparations, surfactants, and complex quality improvers. Improvers with bi-amylase, the activity of which depends on the origin, are most widely used in the bread production. The results of their use are scattered. A comparative assessment of the influence of new generation improvers on the process of bread hardening was not carried out. Using complex improvers Majimix Freshness with a white label, Majimix Effect with a yellow label (made in France), and Novamil enzyme preparation (made in Denmark), which affect the process of bakery products grain, a comparative assessment is carried out to study the technological properties of improvers, and their influence on the process of solidification and quality of bread; the establishment of the most optimal dosage of improvers and ranges that provide a slowdown of the grain process; study of the effect of improvers on biochemical and microbiological processes in the test, as well as on its structural and mechanical properties. The quality of semi-finished products is assessed by indicators: humidity, titrated and active acidity, gas formation during the full period of fermentation, spattering of a dough ball, increase in the specific volume of dough during fermentation. Key words: hydrophilicity, enzymatic preparations, b-amylase, surfactants, deformation characteristics, microbiological processes.

Prediction of Microbial Spoilage and Shelf-Life of Bakery Products Through Hyperspectral Imaging

The shelf life of bakery products highly depends on the environment and it may get spoiled earlier than its expiry which results in food-borne diseases and may affect human health or may get wasted beforehand. The traditional spoilage detection methods are time-consuming and destructive in nature due to the time taken to get microbiological results. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this work presents a novel method to automatically predict the microbial spoilage and detect its spatial location in baked items using Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) range from $395-1000\,\,nm$ . A spectral preserve fusion technique has been proposed to spatially enhance the HSI images while preserving the spectral information. Furthermore, to automatically detect the spoilage, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by K-means and SVM has been used. The proposed approach can detect the spoilage almost 24 hours before it started appearing or visible to a naked eye with 98.13% accuracy on test data. Furthermore, the trained model has been validated through external dataset and detected the spoilage almost a day before it started appearing visually.

Non-linear rheological (LAOS) behavior of sourdough-based dough

During processing, wheat dough is known to undergo large deformation led by mixing and fermentation processes. This deformation is much more pronounced when sourdough is used in the recipe of wheat dough whose gluten is considerably hydrolyzed during sourdough fermentation. This causes deeper effects on rheological properties and shelf life of bakery products. Traditional small amplitude oscillatory tests do not enable us to comprehend the viscoelasticity under large deformations. In this respect, large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) tests are useful for accurate characterization of the non-linear mechanical response. This study, therefore, is undertaken to investigate the non-linear mechanical response of dough prepared with different amounts of sourdough (0, 10, 20 30 and 40%) in a strain values ranging from 0.005 to 200% (frequency at 10 rad/s). As a result, sourdough was determined to have considerable effects on the non-linear viscoelastic response of dough. Strain-stiffening and shear-thinning behaviors were considerably influenced by sourdough incorporation and the dough started to show strain-softening and lowered shear-thinning behavior after giving a peak around at 100% strain due to the onset of the breakdown of the gluten network and suspension of starch matrix as consequence of the metabolic activity of the starter culture (Lactobacillus brevis E25) used in the preparation of sourdough. The physicochemical (pH and TTA), microbiological properties (LAB count) and extensographic properties were also shown to support the LAOS results. LAOS tests could be effectively and clearly used to reveal the effect of processing conditions (sourdough content and deformation by large strain amplitude) on the non-linear mechanical response of wheat dough.

Effect of cryogenic freezing on the textural and sensoric properties of donuts

Cryogenic freezing is a mild freezing technology due to the formation of small ice crystals. This preservation technology is well applicable for increasing the shelf life of bakery products. In our experiment, we made donut samples of matured dough, traditional dough with pork fat, and dough with increased fibre content made by adding flaxseed flour. They were fried in palm oil and also in high oleic sunflower oil. Donuts were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 60 seconds and they underwent a storage of 7 days at -18°C. Thawing at room temperature and thawing in oven were tested. We investigated how freezing, frozen storage and different thawing processes affect sample texture by penetration. The effect of freezing on water activity and sensory properties were also investigated. In our experiment we found that cryogenic freezing influenced the texture of prepared donuts, but sensory evaluation have shown that this does not lead to a decrease in popularity. In addition, a slight decrease in water activity was observed after freezing and thawing. Heating in oven proved to be the better method for the thawing process of donuts based on sensory properties of products. In addition, consumers preferred the increased fibre content of doughs.

Evaluation of different hurdles on Penicillium crustosum growth in sponge cakes by means of a specific real time PCR.

Limited shelf life of bakery products, caused by microbial deterioration, is a concern for industries due to economic losses. Fungal spoilage of sponge cakes industrially produced in Montevideo was caused mainly by Penicillium species, in particular by Penicillium crustosum. The combination of different hurdles was studied to inhibit P. crustosum growth in sponge cakes. A full factorial design was performed to study the effect of the concentration of potassium sorbate, pH, packaging atmosphere and storage time. The results showed that packaging atmosphere and storage time were the significant factors in the ranges tested. No growth was detected in cakes stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (N2:CO2 50:50) at room temperature (25°C) for 15days. The effect of MAP on P. crustosum growth in cakes at room temperature was compared with the effect of air-packaging and storage at low temperature (4°C) for 30days. P. crustosum growth was not detected in cakes packaged in MAP, whereas it was detected after 20days in cakes packaged in air and stored at 4°C. This growth was quantified by a specific real time PCR developed in this work. Specific primers were designed using the sequence of β-tubulin gene of P. crustosum as a target and PCR conditions were adjusted to ensure specificity. PCR efficiency was 107%, with a detection limit of 0.0014ng of DNA. The qPCR method presented here, resulted specific and sensitive enough to detect the growth of P. crustosum even before biodeterioration signs were visible.

Substantiation of the mechanism of interaction between biopolymers of rye­and­wheat flour and the nanoparticles of the magnetofооd food additive in order to improve moisture­retaining capacity of dough

The mechanism of influence of the Magnetofood additive on the moisture retaining in rye-and-wheat dough of various acidities was established. In a neutral medium, solvated Magnetofood nanoparticles are formed from polarized Magnetofood nanoparticles. Their surface acquires hydrophily and ability to interact with ionogenic groups of biopolymers and water dipoles. Interaction of solvated Magnetofood nanoparticles with water molecules results in solvate complexes. In an acidic medium, the protonated Magnetofood nanoparticles interacting with water form solvated Magnetofood nanoparticles. Interaction of the latter through hydrogen bonds with water dipoles results in formation of solvate complexes. In an alkaline medium, hydroxylated Magnetofood nanoparticles interact with dipoles of water by an ion-dipole mechanism forming solvated Magnetofood nanoparticles which interact with water dipoles through hydrogen bonds with formation of solvate complexes. In an alkaline medium, hydroxylated Magnetofood nanoparticles interact with dipoles of water by an ion-dipole mechanism forming solvated Magnetofood nanoparticles. Their interaction with water dipoles through hydrogen bonds leads to formation of solvate complexes. The mechanism of interaction of the Magnetofood nanoparticles with ionogenic groups of biopolymers of dough systems was shown. The Magnetofood nanoparticles enter ionic, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole and coordination interactions. Solvated Magnetofood nanoparticles form hydrogen bonds with water dipoles and with molecules of biopolymers. A cluster-loop-chain model of the moisture-retaining power of gluten and flour enriched with the Magnetofood additive was proposed. The Magnetofood nanoparticles contribute to the emergence of structural formations such as clusters, clathrates, cavitates and loops in which both intermicellar and intramicellar water is retained. It has been experimentally established that the Magnetofood polyfunctional food additive has a beneficial effect on the body and has a complex sorption, complexing, moisture- and fat-retaining and bacteriostatic action. This results in yield increase, quality improvement, preservation of freshness and extension of shelf life of bakery products. From this point of view, the study results are of interest not only for Ukraine but also for the international scientific community.

Influence of the polyfunctional food supplement “Magnetofооd” on the quality of the wheat-rye bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” in the storage process

The issues of preserving the quality of wheat-rye bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok”, enriched with the polyfunctional food supplement “Magnetofood”, in the process of storage are considered. The organoleptic analysis was carried out, physico-chemical, microbiological and structural-mechanical indices of the experimental samples of bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” were compared with the control, which in complex most fully characterize the preservation of bread freshness during storage and the accompanying processes. Organoleptic analysis has revealed that the introduction of the food supplement “Magnetofood” slows down the processes of staling of wheat-rye bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok”. The difference in the degree of freshness of the samples – 2 points was noted after 12 hours. With the help of physico-chemical methods, a change in the quality indices in the process of staling of the experimental samples of bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok”, enriched with the food supplement “Magnetofood” was investigated. It was found that the most intense loss of moisture occurs in the first 24 hours of storage of bread: 12.5 % – in the control and 6.25 % – in the bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” (2 times less). The swelling of the crumbs of bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok”, enriched with the food supplement “Magnetofood”, is, on average, 1.5 times higher than in the control; and crumbliness – on average 2.0 times lower. The structural-mechanical indices of the experimental samples of bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” in the process of its storage were determined. It has been experimentally shown that in the process of storage, the compressibility and elasticity of the crumb of wheat-rye bread is reduced for all the samples, and for bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” up to the end of storage by 6.5% (elasticity) and 2.5 times (compressibility) is lower than for the control. It is found that in comparison with the control, the specific volume in bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” is higher by 27.0 %; and dimensional stability – by 30.5 %. It has been experimentally proved that the porosity of wheat-rye bread decreases with time: after 24 hours after baking – by 1.0 % and 0.5 %; after 72 hours – by 5.0 % and 2.75 % (for the control and bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok”, respectively). The microbiological parameters of the experimental samples of bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” in comparison with the control are determined: after 72 hours QMAFAnM in bread “Kharkiv Rodnichok” is 4 times smaller in comparison with the control, and the number of Вас. subtilis spores after 10 days is 1.5 times lower. The information analysis showed that all known food nanoadditives have a narrow effect and do not show a complex effect on the quality of wheat-rye bread. In addition, synthetic nanoadditives often have a toxic effect on the human body. It has been experimentally found that “Magnetofood” can be used as a polyfunctional food supplement, which has a complex action: it has a beneficial biological effect on the human body; possesses sorption, complexing, emulsifying, moisture and fat-retaining properties; due to bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, it exhibits antimicrobial activity, which leads to improved quality, preservation of freshness and prolongation of the shelf life of bakery products. In addition, the food supplement Magnetofood” at the expense of Fe 2+ can be recommended as an antioxidant and a source of easily digestible iron and antianemic agent. Thus, the introduction of the polyfunctional food supplement “Magnetofood” in wheat-rye bread increases its quality and shelf life. From this point of view, the results of the research are of interest not only for Ukraine, but also for the scientific world of other countries