Sheikh Governorate Research Articles

Burden of HCV among Prevalent Haemodialysis Patients in Kafr Elsheikh after National Egyptian HCV Eradication Program

Abstract Background Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most commonly reported viral infections in both developing and developed countries, causing significant mortality and morbidity and costing billions of dollars annually. The prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients varies substantially among different geographical regions. Recent studies have shown that the HCV prevalence in hemodialysis patients varies from 1.4%–28.3% in developed countries and 4.7%–41.9% in developing countries Aim of the Work to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and to determine the seroconversion rate in prevelant hemodilaysis in Kafr Elsheikh governorate after the hepatitis C virus infection National eradication program in Egypt and to identify the demographics leading to then non-compliance to hepatitis C virus medications and missed follow up among the prevalent hemodialysis patients with HCV infection in Kafr EL sheikh governorate, Egypt. Patients and Methods All patients were assessed for eligibility criteria and were included in the study only when they had met the following inclusion criteria: age older than 18 years old, maintained on regular hemodialysis session for more than 3 months. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria encompassed patients with acute kidney injury or any conditions necessitating temporary dialysis or patient age is less than 18 years old. 1162 prevalent hemodialysis patients in kafr el sheikh governorate, Egypt have been enrolled at our cross sectional study (multi-centric study) applying the proposed standards of the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study design. Results Among these 1162 patients, 403 patients (34.68%) had history of positive PCR for HCV infection prior and during the national eradication campaign. Among those patients, 212 patients (52.61%) received HCV infection treatment in the form of oral and parenteral medications, while 191 patients (47.39%) didn't receive treatment. Among the patients who didn't receive the prescribed medications for HCV virus, 107 patients (56.02%) had concerns about drug complications, 22 patients didn't receive the prescribed medication due to lack of counselling while 20 patients (10.47%) did not receive treatment due to other causes as being mentally retarded, or having advanced medical comorbidities as advanced liver disease or decompensated heart failure while 42 patients (21.99%) refused to receive treatment without giving reasons. Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection among the studied prevalent hemodialysis patients in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate is 19.4% after the HCV national eradication protocol and can be considered a major health problem. A significant percentage of the prevalent hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus infection refused to apply to the prescribed antiviral medications or being non complaint on medication that was mostly due to fear of developed major side effects of the prescribed medications and lack of counselling.

An Economic Study of Recycling corn stover in Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate

An Economic Study of Recycling corn stover in Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate

An Economic Study of Recycling rice straw in Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate

An Economic Study of Recycling rice straw in Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate

Attitudes of Farmers towards Protecting the Rural Environment from pollution at Kafr El Sheikh Governorate

Attitudes of Farmers towards Protecting the Rural Environment from pollution at Kafr El Sheikh Governorate

Alterations in histopathology and stress-associated gene expression induced by infection with Prohemistomum vivax encysted metacercariae in Nile tilapia

Due to limited data on the pathogenicity of Prohemistomum vivax (P. vivax) and its impacts on fish health, this study aimed to determine the morphological, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity, and histopathological alterations in fish infected with P. vivax. Eight hundred (800) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from various farms in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate. The fish were examined for encysted metacercariae (EMC) in different organs. Tissue specimens were collected and underwent histopathological analysis, expression of stress-related genes, and genetic characterization by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). P. vivax metacercariae were oval to round in shape and were collected from various organs including the muscle, skin, eyes, intestine, liver, kidney, and gills of infected O. niloticus. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ITS2 region revealed a 507-bp fragment, confirming parasite identity and matching within the same clade as other P. vivax isolates. Infected fish displayed abdominal hydropsy, skin darkening, and emaciation. P. vivax encysted metacercariae were detected during the study period in 620/800 fish, with an overall prevalence of 77.5%. The seasonal prevalence was 95% in summer, 85% in spring, 55% in autumn, and 75% in winter. The intensity of infection was 1–40 cysts per microscopic field. Histopathological examination of muscles revealed parasitic cysts embedded within muscle fibers, causing severe degeneration and necrosis. Upregulation of cytochrome P450 (cpy1a1), heat shock protein 70 (hsp-70), and tumor suppressor p53 (p53) was recorded in both liver and muscle samples of infected tilapia compared to controls. This indicates activation of detoxification, cellular stress, and apoptotic pathways in response to P. vivax infection. There is limited data available on the pathogenicity of P. vivax and its impacts on fish health; thus, this study provides key insights into the morphology, pathogenicity, and histopathological impacts of P. vivax in Nile tilapia.

Prevalence and types of anemia in infancy, Egypt: cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Infant anemia has a significant impact on physical and cognitive development, not only in infancy but also throughout their life. Objective The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, types, and risk factors of anemia in infancy. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 498 infants aged 6-23 months who attended five primary healthcare centers in Kafr-el Sheikh governorate, Egypt, for vaccination and follow-up. Results The prevalence of anemia among the study infants was 44%, with the highest in those aged 6-12 months. Maternal anemia in pregnancy, low birth weight infant, and lack of adherence to iron supplementation were the significant risk factors for anemia. Conclusion Infant anemia in Egypt resembles a complicated multifactorial severe health issue with a long-run burden. Health policy interventions such as early screening at 6 months old, more adherence to iron supplements for infants, maternal nutrition education, family planning, and birth spacing between siblings should be accessed to overcome and manage this health problem.

Rehabilitation needs of critically Ill patient’s at General Hospital -Kafr- ELsheikh Governorate

Background Assessing rehabilitation needs is an essential part of the care provided to critically ill patients and is used to identify areas of need to develop an individualized care plan for each patient. Aim To explore rehabilitation needs of critically ill patients during the acute stage of illness. Research question What are the different rehabilitation needs of critically ill patients at a general hospital- Kafr- El sheikh Governorate over a period of 6 months? Design descriptive exploratory research design was used. Sample Purposive sample consist of 100 conscious adult male and female patients, aged from 18- 60 years within period of 6 months was included. Setting Four intensive care units affiliated to General Hospital- Kafr Elsheikh Governorate. Tools Two tools were utilized (A) Rehabilitation needs of critically ill patient assessment tool, (B) Patient Categorization Assessment Tool (PCAT). Result More than half (52%) of patients were the age group 51-60 years old, more than half (54%) of them were females. More than half (55%) of patients stayed 4-6 days at the hospital, all of them were fully conscious. More than one quarters (37%) of the studied patients had a cardiac disease. There were statistical significant difference (χ 2=25.28, P=0.00) with deterioration in chest sound 42% of patient (n=100)had abnormal chest sound in first day elevated to 70% of them(n=10) at the last day of their hospitalization. there were significant statistical differences (p≤0.05) in daily living activity between the hospitalization days among critically ill patients. there were significant statistical differences (p≤0.05) in mobility between the hospitalization days among critically ill patients. the cognitive aspect needs were the same at the hospitalization days. There were statistical significant difference (χ 2=94.5, P=0.03) with deterioration in psychological stressors presence 71% of them had psychological stressors in first day increased to all of them at the last day of their hospitalization. Conclusion Critically ill patients have variable rehabilitation needs that change throughout acute stage of their illness. Recommendation Putting into practice the rehabilitation needs assessment for critically ill patients, which is regarded as the initial stage in creating rehabilitation programs. Replication of this study on a larger probability sample from different geographical locations in Egypt is recommended.

Tilapia aquaculture systems in Egypt: Characteristics, sustainability outcomes and entry points for sustainable aquatic food systems

The future demand for fish and other aquatic foods requires the sustainable intensification of related production systems. However, policy and investment decisions for the sustainable intensification of aquaculture systems are usually hindered by the lack of benchmarking data about their actual sustainability performance, often resulting in poorly developed and implemented interventions that ignore potential sustainability trade-offs. This is a reality in many of the leading aquaculture producers in the developing world like Egypt. In this study we analyzed farm-level data from 402 aquaculture producers in the Kafr El Sheikh governorate in Egypt, to characterize and benchmark the performance of tilapia production systems against key sustainability outcomes. For the analysis we used a combination of statistical tools such as ordinary least square regressions, simultaneous quantile regressions and propensity score matching. We focussed on how the production characteristics and practices of different tilapia production systems intersect with economic, food security, and environmental outcomes that cover multiple dimensions of sustainability. We found that differences in these production characteristics and practices were significantly associated with the sustainability performance of tilapia production systems. In particular, our results show that yields in monocultural systems (10,460.5 ton/ha) were significantly higher than in polyculture systems (8404.7 ton/ha). Furthermore, despite the generally positive economic, food security, and environmental outcomes of several of the studied systems, some trade-offs emerge both between and within these sustainability dimensions.

Planning An Extension Program to Develop The Knowledge of Cattle Breeders for Comprehensive Care to Neonate Calves In Desouqe District Kafr El Sheikh Governorate.

Planning An Extension Program to Develop The Knowledge of Cattle Breeders for Comprehensive Care to Neonate Calves In Desouqe District Kafr El Sheikh Governorate.

Correlation between Anxiety and Musculoskeletal Health in Female Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt

Correlation between Anxiety and Musculoskeletal Health in Female Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt

A Follow- up Study of Some Fishing Community Problems around Burullus Lake, Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate, Egypt

The study aimed to follow up some fishing community problems around Burullus Lake by identifying the most important problems facing fishermen at the present time and arranging these problems according to their severity over time. The study was conducted in Kafr El- sheikh Governorate; where three villages were selected randomly from the largest fishing district (Al- Burullus). The three selected villages were overlooking the sea and the lake; they were Al- Burj, Al- Aqoula, and Bar Bahri, on a total sample size of 150 Fishermen. Data was collected using a personal interview questionnaire from each fisherman during November 2021, and 100% of the sample has been targeted. Frequencies, percentages, and average degrees were used in data analysis. The most important results showed that some problems have increased in severity over time. These problems were the presence of reeds, throwing waste in the lake, the presence of Bashnin in the lake, the lack of fishing in light, fishing near bogs, and the difficulty of extracting a carnet for children under 12 years the lack of modern fishing boats, the increase of motors prices in association, the absence of fish canning factories, and the long- distance between markets and the lake. On the other hand, some problems have decreased in severity over time; for example, fry fishing, taking over places in the lake, the absence of an ambulance in the lake, and throwing sewage in the lake, favoritism for some, production smuggling, discrimination in punishment, the difficulty of obtaining boat licenses, yarn price hike, the dispute over fishing places, migration of fishermen to cities and other countries, the lack of snow inside the lake, and underestimating the price by traders.

In vitro investigation of the antiviral activity of propolis and chitosan nanoparticles against the genotype VII Newcastle disease virus.

The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is considered a serious threat to global poultry production. Despite the availability of vaccines, it remains a major devastating epidemic responsible for great economic losses. The development of novel virus-controlling strategies is therefore an urgent need. The present study investigated for the first time the antiviral efficacy of propolis and chitosan nanoparticles against two NDV isolates, MW881875 and MW881876, recovered from vaccinated commercial broiler farms in KafrEl Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The polygenetic analysis focused on the F and M genes, with one isolate having a 97% identity with the genotype VII NDV Israeli strain. On the other hand, the identified isolates showed high genetic variation and only 76% identity with the LaSota vaccine (genotype II). More interestingly, the cell cytotoxic concentrations of chitosan, propolis, and a propolis–chitosan mixture against Vero cells were 327.41 ± 12.63, 109.48 ± 8.36, and 231.78 ± 11.46 μg/ml, respectively. The median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay demonstrated that the nanoparticles have antiviral effects after NDV exposure resulting in significant decrease in viral titer (TCID50) by 2, 2.66, and 2.5 log10 at 62 μg/ml of chitosan, 13 μg/ml of propolis, and 30 μg/ml of the propolis–chitosan mixture, respectively, compared with the control TCID50 value of 4 log10. Taken together, the results provide novel insights into the potentially promising roles of propolis and chitosan as novel, safe, and effective antiviral agents against NDV.

Extension Needs for Date Palms Farmers in some Villages at Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate

Extension Needs for Date Palms Farmers in some Villages at Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate

WATER SAVING OF RICE CROP USING INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR SOIL MANAGEMENT, SWMR

The trial was conducted in, 2019 and 2020 Kafr-El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, Rice (Sakha 104) was cultivated under two methods, traditional method (WTF3) and modified innovative method in furrow bottoms, soil and water management for rice cultivation (SWMR). The cross section of furrows is such as a zigzag shape using a soil management and soil bed preparation (soil surface shape) using innovative machine to soil bed preparation to harvest irrigation water. Without any reduction of rice intensity, and rice transplants at 40 ×40 cm in both of two cultivation methods. Besides, three treatments of nutrients (50, 75 and 100% of recommended doses and called WMF1, WMF2 and WMF3 respectively), irrigation system are traditional system for the first method and furrow irrigation systems for the modified innovative method, applied water amount and nutrients was measured, productivity parameters, economic and energy analysis. The results show that applied water in 2019 are 13104 and 6897 m3/ ha while in 2020 are 12510 and 6724 m3/ha, for the traditional and modified cultivation methods, Respectively. Rice yield in 2019 is 7589, 8282, 8987 and 8580 in 2020 is 7392, 8366, 8770 and 8376 kg/ha. For both of WMF1, WMF2, WMF3 and WTF3, respectively, finally, every parameters engaged with irrigation water is influenced according to the water foot print of rice is cut to half. SWMR technique can save about 20% of irrigation water will be saved in world.

Interrelationship of milk acute-phase proteins and casein percentage in cows and buffaloes subclinical mastitis.

A total number of 62 clinically healthy dairy animals of three farms located in Kafr El Sheikh governorate, Egypt, were subjected to field screening surveys of subclinical mastitis (SCM) using California mastitis test (CMT). The obtained results revealed that 38.80% of quarter milk samples were positive to CMT. The most frequently major causative agents isolated from the positive CMT samples were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and environmental streptococcus spp. Acute-phase proteins (APPs), as immunological biomarkers for SCM, including milk serum amyloid A (mSAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) were measured using ELISA. A significant positive correlation was found between the severity of the mammary infection of cow's quarter milk samples represented in somatic cell count (SCC) and each of APPs and pH values. The correlation coefficient (R) between SCC and mSAA, Hp and pH were 0.54, 0.38 and 0.73, respectively. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between casein percentage in milk of SCM cases, and each of APPs, pH and the presence of bacterial pathogens in the milk samples. The obtained results threw light on the inter-relationship between SCC, mSAA, pH value and casein percentage in milk of cows and buffalo suffered from SCM. The percentage of casein in milk is considered a significant accurate tool for diagnosis of SCM and this finding offers the farmers a cheap and fast selection for diagnosis of such disease. These results presented a specific structured view on the efficacy of different diagnostic tools of SCM in dairy herds.

Expression of immune-related genes in parasite-infected Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) from Egypt and molecular characterization of the parasites

Aquaculture is one of the world's most rapidly developing animal production sectors. Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most popular fish known for quality and price. In the present study sixty fish samples of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) of about 16-22cm length were collected from Tilapia breeding farms and twenty Nile tilapia fish samples were collected for tissue sampling rom each farm. Fish samples were thoroughly investigated for external parasites by visual inspection microscopically through fixed wet smears from the gills and skin. The DNA was extracted from the fish and 17 different parasite species were amplified for partial 18S rDNA and entire ITS1 regions using three sets of commonly recommended primers. The amplicons were confirmed through sequencing. The results exhibited that Trichodina sp. and Gyrodactylus hildae in gills, Cichlidogyrus aegypticus on skin while Acanthosentis sp. was found in the intestine of infected tilapia within Fuwa City, Kafr El sheikh Governorate. The parasites found in Mataria City, Dakahlia Governorate were Cichidogyrus halli on the gills, Zschokkella candia on muscles, and Clinostomum tilapiae in the intestine. The parasites Dactylogyrus sp. and Myxobolus fomenai were recovered from the skin and muscles, respectively, of infected Tilapia from King Mariout, Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria Governorate. Moreover, the expression level of IL-1β gene was up-regulated in muscle, skin, gills and intestine tissues of fish infected with parasites such as Z. candia, C. halli, C. tilapiae, Dactylogyrus sp., M. fomenai, C. aegypticus, Trichodina sp., G. hildae, and Acanthocentis. The similar up-regulation tissues expression trends of TNF-α and IFN-γ genes were found in fish infested with these parasites. The present study exlored molecular characterization of different parasites isolated in different locations of Egypt in Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) and up-regulation of the inflammatory response genes such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ is an indicator of the sever inflammation due to these parasitic infestation in fish.

Coastal Erosion Assessment of the Nile Delta Coast using Remote Sensing, GIS, and Modified Coastal Vulnerability Index

The coastal zones are very much dynamic and are changing very fast, so it is completely important to study them in a temporal domain, for which remote sensing and GIS are the best tools. The coastal zone along the Governorates of Kafr El Sheikh, Dakahlia, and Damietta in north Egypt are reported to be facing serious environmental challenges. This study evaluates the coastline erosion and accretion and coastal vulnerability index (CVI) along these three Governorates, with a total length of 153Km over the past 34 years are analyzed using satellite images of TM 1984, ETM+ 2001, and ASTER 2018. The results showed that the study area was exposed to remarkable and non-expected changes over the study periods. Erosion and accretion were found variable over time and place, ranging from 0.14 ha/year in Dakahlia governorate during 1984-2001 to 66.12 ha/year in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate during 2001-2018 for erosion, and from 3.15 ha/year in Dakahlia Governorate at 2001-2018 to 42.45 ha/year in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate at 1984-2001 for accretion. Total land loss due to erosion as high as about 2034.68 ha of shoreline, and land gain as high as about 1459.71 ha of coastline was estimated in the study area with a net of lost lands of about 574.97 ha. In general, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate was more affected by erosion. According to Modified CVI, about 9.66%, 11.03%, 33.10%, and 46.21% of the length of the coastline is classified as very high, high, moderate, and low vulnerability, respectively.

The farmers' knowledge of the guiding recommendations for citrus production in the Mutoubes district in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

This research aimed mainly at getting acquainted with the knowledge of the farmers researched with the technical recommendations related to the production of citrus crops in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, and the Moutobas Center was chosen from among the ten governorate centers where it has the largest cultivated area of the citrus crop in the governorate, amounting to about 56.3% of the total fruit area at the level of The governorate, followed by randomly testing two villages from among the villages of the center, so the randomized test resulted from each of the villages of Minya Al-Murshid, and the villages of Abyanah. Selecting a sample of them is random, then a regular random sample was chosen from them, according to the Karjisi and Morgan equation, so it consisted of 210 farmers. The most important results were that 90%, approximately 99%, approximately 99%, approximately 92%, 89%, about 93%, and about 90% About 93% of the respondents were low and medium knowledge of the technical recommendations related to citrus production, citrus cultivation, citrus wild, citrus fertilization, pruning, weed control, pest control, and optimum circulation of citrus fruits, respectively, and about 16% of the respondents had no knowledge With technical recommendations for disease control, approximately 97% of respondents who have had with A shelf related to these recommendations were low or medium knowledge.

Occurrence, virulence, carbapenem resistance, susceptibility to disinfectants and public health hazard of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from animals, humans and environment in intensive farms

This work aimed to determine the occurrence, virulence, antibiogram, carbapenem resistance genes and susceptibility to disinfectants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from animals, environment and workers in intensive farms. A total of 610samples from intensive beef cattle and sheep farms in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt were screened for the presence of P. aeruginosa using bacteriological assays. The isolates were characterized by PCR and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics using disk diffusion method and disinfectants by quantitative suspension test. In all, 60 P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered in this study and all isolates harboured at least one of the virulence genes tested. Human P. aeruginosa isolates were highly resistant to cephalosporins, fluroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems and penicillins+β-lactamase inhibitors than non-human isolates. Colistin resistance was higher in non-human than human P. aeruginosa isolates, whereas low resistance to aztreonam was observed in non-human and human isolates. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) strains were recovered from workers (56.5%), sheep (8.3%) and cattle (8.3%). All CRPA harboured at least one of the carbapenem resistance genes tested and most of them showed multidrug resistance (MDR) or extensive drug resistance (XDR) phenotypes. Glutaraldehyde 1% and hydrogen peroxide 3% eliminated P. aeruginosa completely in the absence and presence of organic matter within short contact time compared with other disinfectants. This study reported the occurrence of CRPA in animals and workers in intensive farms. Glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide were the most effective disinfectants against P. aeruginosa. The occurrence of CRPA in intensive livestock farms is a serious challenge that threatens animal and human health and increases the risk of P. aeruginosa infection in the community. Therefore, it is vital to control the spread of CRPA by banning or restricting the use of antibiotics and applying proper cleaning and disinfection protocols in livestock farms.

Determining Factors of the Quality Standards of Basic Education Organizations in Desouk District of Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate

Determining Factors of the Quality Standards of Basic Education Organizations in Desouk District of Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate