Livestock Sheep Research Articles

Program Ternak Domba Medal Saluyu sebagai Wujud Dukungan PLN Nusantara Power terhadap Pembangunan Energi Hijau

The Saluyu Medal Sheep Livestock Program shows significant progress and independence with the success of the livestock group in marketing products that are not only at the moment of qurbani but also able to develop a sustainable business model by processing sheep manure into fertilizer that is useful for agriculture in Karoya Village and for kaliandra trees in the PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata Energy Forest Program. Not only that, through the implementation of this program, the leaves of kaliandra trees that previously had the potential to become waste are now used as sheep feed, which can reduce the risk of forest fires and support the principles of circular economy. This innovation not only increases the productivity and sustainability of the Karoya Village livestock business, but also contributes to environmental issues that support the development of green energy by reducing waste and utilizing resources efficiently within the framework of a circular economy.

Implementation of Tsukamoto Fuzzy Logic to Determine Sheep Livestock Population Based on Gender and Age Category in Aceh Tamiang Regency

This study implements the Tsukamoto Fuzzy Logic method to determine the sheep livestock population based on gender and age categories in Aceh Tamiang Regency. The population data of male and female sheep are categorized into three age groups: young, adolescent, and adult. The processes of fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and defuzzification are used to model the data and produce more accurate population predictions. Fuzzy rules are applied to consider the combination of membership levels of each age category and gender. The analysis results indicate that the sheep livestock population in Aceh Tamiang Regency is 5553,69007. The Tsukamoto Fuzzy Logic method has proven effective in handling uncertainty and variability in livestock population data, providing flexibility in complex data-driven decision-making. This study makes a significant contribution to the utilization of fuzzy logic methods for planning and managing livestock populations and can serve as a reference for policymakers in the livestock sector.

Regional Analysis of Sheep Business in Banjarnegara Regency

Banjarnegara Regency is home to the local Batur sheep, known for their significant body weight. The community has been raising Batur sheep for generations, aiming to develop them into a regional economic driver. This study aims to analyze potential areas for sheep livestock development in Banjarnegara Regency. The data used came from the farm statistics of the Directorate-General for Farm and Animal Health in 2021. The location quotient (LQ), localization index (LI), and specialization index (SI) method were used to perform regional analysis of sheep business. The results of the survey showed that the base area of sheep farming in Banjarnegara district is distributed in the districts of Karangkobar, Pejawaran, Batur, and Wanayasa. The localization and specialization index showed that sheep farming is spread evenly throughout the district of Banjaregara, not concentrated in a particular region.

Biomolecular survey on the main infectious causes of abortion in sheep in the Italian regions of Latium and Tuscany.

Ruminants play an important role in economic sustenance in many developing countries. Abortion is one of the most important causes of economic losses in sheep livestock and, for this reason, it is very important to know, at an early stage, which pathogens caused abortion. The aim of the study is to obtain data about the distribution of abortifacient pathogens in the Italian regions of Latium and Tuscany, the awareness of the distribution of infectious agents causing abortion could allow the development of an appropriate vaccination and prophylaxis plan, to avoid major economic losses. 388 abortions were collected during the 2015-2018 period. Organs, tissues, and swabs were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed with commercial q-PCR kits for the detection of the most common abortion pathogens circulating in these geographical areas. The positivity in 148 abortions was 56% for Chlamydia abortus, 14% for Coxiella burnetii, 16% for Salmonella spp, 12% for Toxoplasma gondii, and 2% for Neospora caninum. Interesting results were obtained for cases of abortions with co-infection of abortion pathogens. Diagnosing the cause of abortion remains a multifaceted process that may also include non-infectious factors such as deficiencies and toxicities. Further research is needed also to assess the role of low pathogen concentrations and co-infections in the abortions of sheep.

Training on Increasing and Developing the Quantity of Sheep in Improving the Economic Welfare of Farmers in Jenggawah Village

Jenggawah Village has extensive agricultural land and plantations, especially rice, corn and coffee crops whose waste has not been utilized. The potential of Jenggawah Village, Jember Regency is very potential for development in the agricultural sector. Innovations for utilizing agricultural waste can be used to process agricultural waste as animal feed and livestock waste to be used as organic fertilizer, which is a superior environmentally friendly product that has great potential and can improve the economy of farmers from product sales. The objectives of this service activity are: 1) providing assistance from educational related agencies in optimizing the increase and development of the quantity of sheep livestock, 2) conducting training and management of sheep farming business development, 3) creating product innovations using rice straw biotechnology to improve the nutritional quality of sheep feed. The target of this service program is: together with the Jenggawah village government, we can empower farmers and breeders in fermented straw processing so that they can realize the independence and welfare of breeders in reducing feed production costs, so that they can reduce feed production costs and increase breeder profits by utilizing feed biotechnology innovations. ruminant livestock. The conclusion of this service activity is: increasing sheep production can be increased by utilizing biotechnological innovations in animal feed from rice straw waste fermentation, and can minimize feed costs, so that this opportunity can increase the income and welfare of farmers

Analisis Kontribusi Usaha Ternak Domba Terhadap Pendapatan Peternak di Kecamatan Kertajati Kabupaten Majalengka

This research aims to determine the analysis of household income, the contribution of sheep farming to farmer income, and the factors that influence the size of the contribution of sheep farming. This research was carried out from June to August 2022. The analytical methods used were descriptive analysis, contribution analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Respondents were determined using a purposive sampling method of 85 respondents. The variables observed were the number of working hours, number of workers, and number of livestock. The research results show that the average income of sheep farming is IDR 2.289.513/year. Meanwhile, the average income from breeders' business is IDR 7.730.746 /year. The sheep farming business contributes 29.61% to the total income of farmers in Kertajati District, Majalengka Regency. The coefficient of determination (R2) was obtained at 0.039. which means that the number of livestock, the amount of working hours, and the number of workers influence the contribution of sheep livestock by 3.9%, so Y is influenced by 96.1% by other factors outside the independent variable.

Does Faeces Excreted by Moxidectin-Treated Sheep Impact Coprophagous Insects and the Activity of Soil Microbiota in Subtropical Pastures?

Moxidectin (MOX) is used to control helminth parasites in ruminant livestock. It is released through feces and remains in the environment for a long period. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of faeces excreted by moxidectin-treated sheep on soil biodiversity (coprophagous insects, soil microbial biomass, and activity) to establish environment-related guidelines regarding the use of MOX in sheep livestock. The study consisted of two experiments. In the first one, faeces from MOX-treated (subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg·kg-1 body weight) and nontreated rams were placed on an animal-free pasture field, protected or not against rain, for 88 days. Then, coprophagous insects were captured, identified, and counted, and faeces degradation was evaluated by measuring dry weight and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents over time. Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, and Coleoptera were equally encountered in faeces from MOX-treated and nontreated animals. Faecal boluses of MOX-treated animals (with higher N content) not protected against rain degraded faster than faecal boluses of nontreated animals (with lower N content). In the second experiment, faeces from nontreated animals were amended with increasing amounts of MOX (75 to 3,000 ng·kg-1 faeces), mixed with soil samples from animal-free pasture (1.9 to 75 ng·kg-1 soil), and incubated in a greenhouse for 28 days. Increasing concentrations of MOX did not prevent the growth of cultivable bacteria, actinobacteria, or fungi in culture media. However, even the lower MOX concentration (1.9 ng·kg-1 soil) abruptly decreased soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, and N mineralization. Thus, the results indicate that faeces excreted from sheep treated with MOX under the experimental conditions of this study are not harmful to the coprophagous insects. However, adding MOX to faeces from drug-free sheep had a negative impact on soil microbial activity and biomass.

Using the Gut Antigen HA86 as a Biomarker for Hyalomma Tick Bites, the Principal Vectors of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Hyalomma ticks are the principal vectors of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Antibody responses and the viral genome, are usually used for virus surveys. These markers cannot assess the role of ticks in the burden of CCHFV. It has been documented that tick bites induce a host immunological response, and numerous antigens have been described. To note, the gut protein Bm86 of Boophilus micropulus induces such an immune response, and several orthologues have been identified. Furthermore, a cross-immunological response against orthologues was reported. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the Bm86 of Hyalomma ticks could serve as a biomarker of exposure to Hyalomma tick bites. For this purpose, 2432 ticks, 435 human and 480 animal sera, collected in Agnam (Northern Senegal) between February 2021 and April 2022 for arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fever surveys were used. We found that the development of HA86 IgG in livestock sheep is influenced by exposure to Hyalomma ticks. Additionally, the anti-HA86 antibodies did not persist for more than 2 months, and no cross-HA86 response wasn’t detected between Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus species. These results suggest that HA86, could be used as a biomarker for Hyalomma tick bites.

Between valleys, plateaus, and mountains: unveiling livestock altitudinal mobility in the Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (3rd c. BC) through a multi-isotope approach

Seasonal altitudinal mobility has been a key practice among pastoral societies in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula to cope with the unpredictable Mediterranean climate. The existence of a massive and regulated mobile herding system in this area dates back to the 12th century. Nevertheless, early herd connections between the lowlands and the Pyrenees during the Roman period have been documented. The available information regarding the potential adoption of sheep's mobile pastoralism by Iberian societies prior to the Romans' arrival is limited. This study aims to provide fundamental new insights into livestock altitudinal mobility during this period through a biogeochemical approach. Sequential analysis of carbon and oxygen isotope values is combined with strontium isotope ratios from sheep second and third lower molars from four Catalan sites (Mas Castellar de Pontós, Tossal de Baltarga, Sant Esteve d'Olius, Turó de la Rovira). The results reveal evidence of migrations across different altitudinal and geological areas, unveiling the great adaptability of mobile livestock strategies by Iberian populations. The first evidence of descending herds' mobility from the Pyrenees to the lowlands prior to the Roman conquest is also attested. Finally, the effectiveness of multi-isotope analysis (δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr) in detecting seasonal livestock movements is demonstrated. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complexity of sheep livestock management of the north-eastern Iberian societies during the Middle/Late Iron Age. Moreover, the research points to a more integrated and connected Ibero-Pyrenean world with contemporary lowland communities than so far suggested. However, animal mobility was not widely practised and was possibly determined by the environmental conditions, economic needs, and political decisions of each settlement.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Peningkatan Keterampilan dan Produktivitas Usaha Peternakan Domba Berbasis IPTEK

Kertosono Village is a village located in Sidayu District, Gresik Regency, Community Empowerment Through Improving Skills and Productivity of Science and Technology-Based Sheep Livestock Business is an effort to increase community skills and productivity in managing livestock business through fermentation technology. Most of the people's livelihood is farming and animal husbandry. The average population there owns livestock which are kept either in cage groups or kept around their homes. The main problem currently being faced is the limited productivity of the livestock business. Farmers still work individually and traditionally with limited knowledge and skills, and view livestock business as a side job. This is due to the lack of awareness, knowledge, and skills to utilize technology as a means of supporting improving skills and productivity of livestock business. The purpose of this empowerment is to improve the skills and productivity of the community in the manufacture of fermented feed technology, increase the types of livestock products and the quality of livestock products and modern marketing.

Goat-Sheep Livestock Business Development Strategy in Bekasi City

The social assistance program for raising goats in Bekasi City is an alternative to post-Covid-19 economic recovery which has been given to 100 business groups but after one year there were only 73 active breeders, so it is interesting to study with the aim of knowing internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (strengths and threats) in formulating a strategy for developing a goat-sheep business in Bekasi City. A sample of 40 respondents was taken through a purposive sampling approach and data analysis was carried out qualitatively (descriptive business activities and determining alternative strategies), as well as quantitatively through instrument testing, IFE/EFE analysis, SWOT Matrix and QSPM Matrix. The results of the study show that the goat livestock business in Bekasi City is in a weak condition with strategic priorities, namely (1) revitalizing the revolving program by benchmarking to regions that carry out best practices, (2) maximizing the promotion of the revolving grant model with good management by policy makers, (3) strengthening the readiness of beneficiaries in raising goats, and (4) increasing the number of beneficiaries of sheep livestock assistance.

Combining beef cattle and sheep in an organic system. I. Co-benefits for promoting the production of grass-fed meat and strengthening self-sufficiency.

Numerous advantages of combining cattle and sheep have been demonstrated at the grazing-season level, but the effects of this practice on system self-sufficiency require system-level and longer-term studies. We established three grassland-based organic systems as separate farmlets: one mixed system combining beef cattle and sheep (MIX) and two specialised systems, beef cattle (CAT) and sheep (SH), to serve as reference points. These farmlets were managed for 4years, to assess the benefits of combining beef cattle and sheep in promoting the production of grass-fed meat and strengthening system self-sufficiency. The ratio of cattle to sheep livestock units in MIX was 60:40. The surface area and stocking rate were similar across all systems. Calving and lambing were adjusted to grass growth to optimise grazing. Calves were pasture-fed from 3months old on average until weaning in October, fattened indoors with haylage and slaughtered at 12-15months. Lambs were pasture-fed from 1month old on average until slaughter; if lambs were not ready for slaughter when the ewes mated, they were stall-finished with concentrates. The decision to supplement adult females with concentrate was based on the achievement of a target body condition score (BCS) at key periods. The decision to treat animals with anthelmintics was based on mean faecal egg excretion remaining below a certain threshold. A higher proportion of lambs were pasture-finished in MIX vs SH (P<0.001) due to a higher growth rate (P<0.001) which led to a lower age at slaughter (166 vs 188days, P<0.001). Ewe prolificacy and productivity were higher in MIX vs SH (P<0.02 and P<0.065, respectively). The levels of concentrate consumption and number of anthelmintic treatments in sheep were lower in MIX vs SH (P<0.01 and P<0.08). Cow productivity, calf performance, carcass characteristics and the level of external inputs used did not differ between systems. However, cow BW gain during the grazing season was higher in MIX vs CAT (P<0.05). These outcomes validated our hypothesis that the association of beef cattle and sheep promoted the self-sufficient production of grass-fed meat in the sheep enterprise. It also promoted better ewe and cow BCS and BW at key stages of the reproduction cycle and better development of the females used for replacement, which may enhance animal and system resilience.

Analysis of the Potential Development of Goats and Sheep in Batu Bara

One of the districts that have the potential to develop goats and sheep in North Sumatra is Batu Bara Regency. For this reason, a study was conducted to determine the potential of livestock resources, the area and capacity of goats and sheep, and alternative strategies that are effective in developing goats and sheep in Batu Bara Regency. This research was conducted in September – November 2021 using the stratified sampling research method in the sub-districts in Batu Bara Regency and the purposive sampling method, which resulted in the highest population sub-district, namely Laut Tador District, the medium population in Air Putih District, and the low population being Sei Suka District. . Sampling using the method of determining the quota of 30 respondents in each sub-district. The respondents were interviewed to obtain information regarding goat and sheep livestock. Data analysis carried out is descriptive analysis, location quotient, livestock density, feed concentration index, carrying capacity of agricultural and plantation waste, carrying capacity index of agricultural and plantation waste, capacity to increase the population of ruminant livestock (KPPTR), and SWOT analysis. Based on the research results, Batu Bara Regency has the potential to develop goats and sheep. Five areas each become the basis for goats and sheep in the district. The carrying capacity of goats and sheep in Batu Bara Regency is 168,040.04 ST for goats and 166,236.56 ST for sheep. The right strategy and priority is the SO strategy.

Evaluation of the trace element concentration in some livestock and poultry bone samples using X-ray fluorescence

Element concentration (ppm) in some samples of livestock and poultry animals' bones haven evaluated using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The study included evaluation of the concentration of more than 20 elements in bone samples It has focused on the impacts of freezing process on the concentration of elements The results demonstrated that the element concentrations were reduced by freezing samples. The higher effects were on the concentration of (Cr, Al, Zn, Sr, Mg, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, S, and P) for the bones of cow and sheep, and the most effects were in cow's bone samples. Maximum and minimum ratio value element concentration (cow and sheep livestock samples/ cow and sheep freezing samples) were 54.5 ± 12.2 ppm (element of Cr) and 0 ppm (element of Ba, Mn, Ti, Sn, and Rb), respectively. The results of element concentration in chicken bone samples indicated that the high element concentration was in bone samples of livestock chicken (organic) compared with the poultry chicken (fresh and freezing). XRF, Bone, Livestock, Poultry, Trace elements, freezing meat,

ENTREPRENEURIAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SHEEP HUSBANDRY SECTOR OF J&amp;K

The Indian agrarian society is transforming with socio-economic development and demand for livestock has been on the increase exponentially. The demand is expected to rise further with increase in population and purchasing power in the coming decades. Sheep livestock has a pivotal role in Jammu &amp; Kashmir as a traditional source of income, energy, manure and fuel. Entrepreneurship in this sector is not taking effect despite institutional and government push. as the prospect entrepreneurs and traditional breeders face various challenges at the gass root level. The present study explores the challenges and opportunities with a generic view of the sector in Jammu and Kashmir. A primary data analysis was conducted on data collected via survey questionnaire from 100 respondents across various verticals of the trade. Frequency analysis indicated that the sector is a major livelihood source in the region and a great potential opportunity to organize a thriving business. However, enterprising in this sector isn’t free of challenges. The sector requires identification of challenges, and innovation to overcome them

Bayesian maximum entropy-based prediction of the spatiotemporal risk of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province, China

Background“Schistosomiasis” is a highly recurrent parasitic disease that affects a wide range of areas and a large number of people worldwide. In China, schistosomiasis has seriously affected the life and safety of the people and restricted the economic development. Schistosomiasis is mainly distributed along the Yangtze River and in southern China. Anhui Province is located in the Yangtze River Basin of China, with dense water system, frequent floods and widespread distribution of Oncomelania hupensis that is the only intermediate host of schistosomiasis, a large number of cattle, sheep and other livestock, which makes it difficult to control schistosomiasis. It is of great significance to monitor and analyze spatiotemporal risk of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province, China. We compared and analyzed the optimal spatiotemporal interpolation model based on the data of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province, China and the spatiotemporal pattern of schistosomiasis risk was analyzed.MethodsIn this study, the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and absolute residual (AR) indicators were used to compare the accuracy of Bayesian maximum entropy (BME), spatiotemporal Kriging (STKriging) and geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) models for predicting the spatiotemporal risk of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province, China.ResultsThe results showed that (1) daytime land surface temperature, mean minimum temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, soil moisture, soil bulk density and urbanization were significant factors affecting the risk of schistosomiasis; (2) the spatiotemporal distribution trends of schistosomiasis predicted by the three methods were basically consistent with the actual trends, but the prediction accuracy of BME was higher than that of STKriging and GTWR, indicating that BME predicted the prevalence of schistosomiasis more accurately; and (3) schistosomiasis in Anhui Province had a spatial autocorrelation within 20 km and a temporal correlation within 10 years when applying the optimal model BME.ConclusionsThis study suggests that BME exhibited the highest interpolation accuracy among the three spatiotemporal interpolation methods, which could enhance the risk prediction model of infectious diseases thereby providing scientific support for government decision making.

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SHEEP LIVESTOCK BUSINESS WITH INTEREST-FREE PARTNERSHIP MODEL IN BEKASI DISTRICT

The purposes of this studiesare to analyze the implementation of partnership model in thesheep livestock with measure the level of profit and the value of the R/C ratio obtained in the interest-free partnership model of sheep livestock. Currently, sheep livestock are still doing their business in the traditional way, with limited funding. Many breeders use burdensome financing for themselves. Analysis of several models will get the most profitable model. Descriptive analysis aims to describe the implementation of the established partnership. Based on the results of the analysis, the implementation of the partnership model that was carried out was considered good, because there were requirements, an agreement between the two partners, and a clear mechanism for implementing the partnership model in the sheep livestock. However, there is no written agreement regarding the partnership because it only applies the principle of mutual trust. Sheep rearing techniques start from finding feed, providing feed, cleaning the cage, bathing the sheep, to shearing the sheep. While the difference between the three models applied is in the effect of the partnership on the use of drugs and marketing. Based on the results of the analysis of the benefits obtained in the three applied models, the SDK1 model shows a high total profit and a high R/C ratio. Overall, the business of fattening sheep without usury that is run in both SDK1, SDK2, and SDK3 has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The study of the potential development of goat and sheep in North Labuhanbatu Regency to support North Sumatera Province as a producer of goat and sheep

North Labuhanbatu Regency is one of the districts in North Sumatera that has potential in the development of livestock. This research aims to find out the potential of agriculture and plantation waste as well as areas that can be used as a development area for goat and sheep livestock in North Labuhanbatu Regency. The type of research used is descriptive research to describe the potential of agriculture and plantation waste in determining the development area of goat and sheep livestock using LQ methods combined with livestock density, waste support index and capacity to increase ruminants livestock population. This research was conducted in North Labuhanbatu Regency in February–April 2020. The results showed that North Labuhanbatu Regency has development potential in supporting North Sumatra Province a producer of goat and sheep livestock. Regional strategy I namely Aek Natas Sub-District, Kualuh Hilir, Kualuh Leidong. Regional strategy group namely Na IX-X, Aek Kuo, Kualuh Selatan, Kualuh Hulu sub-districts. Group III strategy namely Marbau sub-district. Alternative strategies for utilizing agriculture and plantation waste in the development of goat and sheep livestock one of them is the integration system in order to use crop waste as a source of animal feed in North Labuhanbatu Regency.

Strategy development of goat and sheep in North Labuhanbatu Regency to support North Sumatra Province as a producer of goat and sheep

North Labuhanbatu regency is one of the districts in North Sumatra Province that has the potential in the development of agriculture and livestock sector. This research aims to identify internal and external factors in the development of goat and sheep farming businesses, formulate alternative development strategies, and strategic priorities that can be applied in the development of goat and sheep in North Labuhanbatu regency. The research site is in North Labuhanbatu regency in February – April 2020. The data used is primary and secondary data. The basic method used in this study is descriptive analytics. The data analysis method used matrix analysis (IFE), matrix (EFE) and matrix (SWOT). The results showed that alternative strategies that can be used in the development of goat and sheep livestock in North Labuhanbatu regency are active and professional agriculture and livestock counselling human resources, establishing livestock institutions such as livestock groups, the role of local governments in mentoring and approaching, establishing livestock health services and cooperative as well as strengthening the livestock and sheep markets in North Labuhanbatu regency.

Impacts of sheep versus cattle livestock systems on birds of Mediterranean grasslands

Mediterranean pastures are experiencing strong changes in management, involving shifts from sheep to cattle-based livestock systems. The impacts of such shifts on biodiversity are still poorly understood. Here, we sought to contrast the grazing regime, vegetation structure, bird species richness and abundance, between sheep and cattle grazed parcels, to understand the mechanisms through which management decisions impact farmland birds. During spring 2019, we characterized livestock management, bird populations and sward structure in 23 cattle and 27 sheep grazed parcels. We used a Structural Equation Model to infer the direct and indirect effects of sheep and cattle grazing on birds. Although no effects were found on overall species richness, there were species-specific responses to sheep and cattle grazed systems. Grazing pressure (variable integrating stocking rate and the number of days in the parcel) had negative impacts on the prevalence/abundance of Zitting Cisticola, Corn Bunting and Little Bustard, either directly or indirectly, through the effects of grazing pressure on vegetation height. Animal density and vegetation cover had direct positive effects in Galerida spp. and Common Quail, respectively. Zitting Cisticola and Little Bustard also showed a direct response to livestock type. Our study emphasizes the importance of grazing pressure as a driver of negative impacts for bird populations in Mediterranean grasslands. Since the ongoing transition from sheep to cattle-based systems involves increases in stocking rate, and therefore potentially higher grazing pressure, we propose a policy change to cap the maximum allowed grazing pressure. At the landscape scale, a mix of sheep and cattle grazed fields would be beneficial for maintaining bird diversity.