Shear Stress Angle Research Articles

Piecewise Linear Strength Models for Analyzing Multiple Failure Mechanisms in Rocks Materials.

Rock materials failures are accompanied by the co-existence of various failure mechanisms, including rock fracturing, shearing, and compaction yield. These mechanisms manifest macroscopically as multiple failure modes and nonlinear strength characteristics related to stress levels. Considering the limitations of current rock mechanics strength theories, which are primarily derived from single failure mechanisms, this study evaluates the applicability of alternative strength theories. Based on the extensional-strain criterion and the PMC (Paul-Mohr-Coulomb) model, a piecewise linear strength model was proposed that is suitable for analyzing multiple failure mechanisms in rocks, revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of multi-mechanism rock material failure. A multiple failure mechanism strength model in the form of inequalities was proposed, using the generalized shear stress, mean stress, and stress Lode angle as parameters. Strength tests conducted on sandstone and granite rock material samples under different stress conditions revealed distinct piecewise linear strength characteristics for both rock types, validating the rationality and applicability of the multiple failure mechanism model. The findings construct a multi-mechanism failure model for rocks, providing enhanced predictive capabilities and aiding in the prevention of rock structural failures.

Numerical prediction on frictional characteristics of binary mixtures consisting of flexible cylindrical particles and rigid spheres

A Discrete Element Method (DEM) model for deformable cylindrical particles is established to investigate the Jenike shear process of binary mixtures consisting of flexible cylindrical particles and rigid spheres. The effects of the shape of flexible cylindrical particles and the proportion of cylindrical particles to spherical ones on the friction behavior of the mixture are discussed. Numerical results show that both the shear stress and internal friction angle increase with the aspect ratio (Ar) of the flexible cylindrical particles but decrease with the increase of the proportion of spherical particles. The role of Ar becomes slight when when the amount of spheres are much higher than the cylindrical particles (double or higher). For the mono-system containing flexible cylindrical particles of Ar=6 but without spheres, the strong interlocking packing structure leads to high shear stress and internal friction angle. It is indicated that the inclusion of rigid spheres disrupts the interlocking structure between flexible cylindrical particles and acts as a lubricant during the shear process. Based on the numerical results, a predictive correlation is established to predict the frictional characteristics of binary mixtures consisting of flexible cylindrical particles and rigid spheres considering the effect of particle shape and proportion. Furthermore, through a microscopic analysis of the numerical results, a deeper understanding of this phenomenon is gained. It is confirmed that the spherical particles can fill the voids between the flexible cylindrical particles, increasing the compactness of the mixture and promoting lubrication effects. The current research contributes to the better understanding of the mechanism of particle flow and is of paramount importance to improve the kinetic theories for complex granular flows.

Soil Forces Prediction on Animal Traction Operation in Bongo District of the Upper East Region of Ghana

The soil and implement interaction during ploughing can be analyzed through the geometry and working depth of the implement and soil parameters such as shear stress, cohesion and soil internal frictional angle. The objective of the study was to predict the forces that react with the implement parts during ploughing in the three (3) sampled areas in Bongo District. Soil samples were taken at a 30 cm depth. Laboratory tests were performed on them on triaxial, grading and Atterberg limits. The results were used to describe the soil and for the force prediction. There were some field tests to determine tractive efforts, speed of travel and ploughing depth. The three (3) soil types considered were sandy loam, loamy sand and course loamy sand. Food and Agriculture Organization classified the three (3) soil types as Lixisols and the local soil series also put all the soil samples as Tranchera. At the time of ploughing, the densities were ranging from 1.28 to 1.44g/cm3 and moisture content of 9.43 to 22.96%. The rake angle measured on the animal plough was 190, and the soil metal frictional angles of the three soil type ranged from 32.355 to 37.1290 with soil cohesion of 0 kPa for course loamy sand, 2.664 kPa for loamy sand and 56.338 kPa for the sandy loam soil. The resultant (P) forces for the three soil samples; loamy sand, sandy loam and course loamy sand were 0.5551 kN, 0.1024 kN and 0.0106 kN respectively.

In situ measurement of three-dimensional intergranular stress localizations and grain yielding under elastoplastic axial-torsional loading

The three-dimensional grain-averaged response of solid bar samples under non-proportional (NP) elastoplastic axial-torsional loading was investigated using in situ high energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM) and companion crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling. Important stress metrics including applied shear (σθZ) and axial (σZZ) stress tensor components, stress and stress deviator tensor invariants (I1, J2, and J3), von Mises equivalent stress (σVMgrain), maximum resolved shear stress (mRSS), stress triaxiality (η), and lode angle parameter (θ‾) values were tracked for ∼ 300 grains under two different loading conditions: (1) Torsion-dominated loading (low NP) and (2) Tension-torsion loading (high NP) in equiatomic NiCoCr, a representative multicomponent face-centered cubic (FCC) superalloy. Overall, significant stress localizations existed within both samples as evidenced by the radial dependence of grain-resolved σθZ, σVMgrain , and J2; by comparison, I1, J3, η, and θ‾ metrics did not show discernible trends within the volume. These stress localizations reveal a complex interplay between axial and shear stress components (e.g., stress coupling) resulting in grain yielding near the sample surface largely driven by shear stress, whereas internal grain yielding was largely accommodated by axial stress. Grain-resolved stress localization trends were described well by the CPFE model, although some discrepancies in magnitude occurred, particularly for volumetric stress metrics (I1 and η) due to initial type II residual stress distributions. The superposition of initial residual stress states onto CPFE grain-resolved data significantly improved model accuracy for η. This suggests that residual stresses more strongly influence the simulation of volumetric rather than deviatoric (yield) stress metrics.

Characteristics of temperature-dependent shear flow in an ultrasonicated ferrofluid

The rheological effect of manganese zinc (Mn-Zn) ferrite ferrofluid was studied and the impact of temperature on the magnetoviscosity and viscoelastic system of manganese-zinc ferrite ferrofluid generated by co-precipitation process is investigated. At 25 ◦C, a ferrofluid structure that is both hard and elastic is produced. As the temperature rises, the fluid structure loses its elasticity and becomes semi-rigid. When a low relaxation modulus is applied, the fluid behavior, which is temperature-dependent, exhibits the development of linear stress relaxation and steady state flow. When a greater relaxation modulus is used, non-steady state flow results. At a high temperature of 50 ◦C, steady state flow is quickly obtained, whereas at a low temperature, equilibrium or steady state is attained more slowly. At low temperatures, the fluid exhibits a solid-like structure, whereas at high temperatures, a liquid-like structure forms as the fluid’s viscosity decreases. With the creation of yield stress in the region with high shear rates, shear stress increases with temperature, and yield stress increases with temperature. The viscoelastic system is underdamped, and the amount of fluid deflected at 25 ◦C is small, which prevents the disruption of the fluid’s rheology. This develops as a result of the presence of a small deflection angle, which facilitates the development of high magnetoviscosity at low temperature. High viscous effect forms at low temperatures due to the creation of low shear stress and low deflection angle at temperature 25 ◦C. The sample has a single phase and FCC structure, which X-ray diffraction research has verified.

Numerical study on influence of particle shape and deformation on friction behavior of flexible cylindrical particle flows

AbstractA discrete element method (DEM) model for deformable particles is established and adopted to investigate the Jenike shear process of flexible cylindrical particles with different aspect ratios (4 < < 6). The DEM model is firstly validated against both experimental data and analytic solutions. Then, numerical simulations are carried out and the effects of particles shape and deformation on their friction behavior are investigated through a particle‐scale analysis on particle deformation, coordinate number, contact forces, orientation and internal friction angle. Comparative results between flexible and rigid particles under the same conditions show that the shear stress increases almost linearly with the normal load regardless of particle stiffness or shape. For both rigid and flexible particles, the shear stress and internal friction angle increase with . The shear stress and internal friction angle of the flexible particles are higher than those of the rigid ones especially when = 6. The latter has more inter‐particle contacts but the former has stronger contact forces. When = 4 and 5, the flexible particles without many initial deformations will deform significantly during the shear process with a complex reconfiguration taking place. However, when = 6, the initial deformation and internal forces of the flexible particles only change slightly during the shear process. It is thus believed that the high shear stress and internal friction angle of the flexible particles with = 6 are caused by their solid packing structure which strongly enhances the capability of the particle flow to resist shear. The current knowledge will be helpful for improving the kinetic theories for granular flow for complex irregular particle flows.

Dynamic properties of dredger fill involved coupling action of initial stress and principal stress rotation

GCTS hollow cylinder apparatus was used to perform a series of tests on dredger fill from Tianjin under different initial stress states. This cyclic loading mode can simulate the rotation of the principal stress direction induced by wave loading. The effects of the initial intermediate principal stress parameter, initial shear stress and initial orientation angle of principal stress on softening index of dredger fill were investigated. A stiffness softening model which can consider different initial stress states was established. The test results show that when two of the three initial stress parameters remain unchanged, the softening index decreased with the increase of any other parameter. Among them, the initial orientation angle of principal stress has a great influence on stiffness softening. Based on the regression analysis of the test data, the relationship between the generalized shear strain ratio and the number of cycles under different cyclic shear stress amplitudes is proposed. Subsequently, the dynamic strength characteristics of the dredger fill were studied. It is found that the dynamic strength decreased significantly with the increasing initial angle of the principal stress, which can be accurately described by the model proposed in this article.

Experimental investigation on shear performance degradation of ice-rich debris under thawing

The mechanical behaviors of ice-rich debris (IRD) under a certain freezing temperature have been widely studied. Comparatively, data on the mechanical properties of IRD under thawing conditions is still limited at present. However, the degradation of the IRD mechanical performance caused by thawing is generally considered one of the important causes of catastrophic rock-ice avalanches all around the world. In this paper, a new variable, the thawing ratio (Δv), was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the amount of ice melting during thawing treatment. Then, systematic direct shear tests on IRD specimens were carried out considering the effects of Δv (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%), initial ice contents (40, 65, and 90%), and normal stresses (150, 350, 550 kPa). Experimental results, including the thawing law, shear stress-strain curve, shear stiffness, and shear strength of IRDs were presented and analyzed. The results indicate that the IRD with lower initial ice contents is more sensitive to temperature rise. The strength parameters, including the peak shear stress, cohesion, and inner friction angle are linearly decreased with increasing Δv. It was found that their values can be reduced by approximately half when Δv reaches 10%. In addition, results also indicate that the shear strength of IRDs is more vulnerable to thawing with the decrease in initial ice content. The analysis of the factors affecting the shear strength of IRDs suggests that the reduction in the contribution of cementitious force and friction on the ice-debris contacts can be responsible for the dramatic strength degeneration of thawing IRDs.

Boundary layer flow over a bump and the three-dimensional law of the wall

Many turbulence theories in use today are based on two-dimensional equilibrium flows and have limitations when applied to three-dimensional flows. A three-dimensional law of the wall would help to improve simulation fidelity, but while several versions have been proposed, none have been widely accepted. In this study, the three-dimensional attached boundary layer flow over the windward side of the BeVERLI (Benchmark Validation Experiments for RANS/LES Investigations) Hill bump model was measured using near-wall laser Doppler velocimetry in the Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel to study the mean flow and turbulence structure. These mean velocity measurements are compared with the predictions of the proposed three-dimensional (3D) law of the wall of van den Berg [A three-dimensional law of the wall for turbulent shear flows. J Fluid Mech. 1975;70(1):149–160.], which incorporates pressure gradients and inertial effects but assumes alignment of the mean flow gradient and shear-stress angles, and to the sublayer momentum equations, which are exact in the limit of wall-normal . In regions with mild stress/strain misalignment, the van den Berg model compares favourably with the experimental data up to a maximum of , and the sublayer momentum relationship compares favourably with the experimental data in the linear sublayer.

Numerical Study on Wind-Driven Thin Water Film Runback on an Airfoil

A method that combines the Eulerian multiphase flow (EMF) model with the Eulerian wall film (EWF) model is proposed to study the transportation of a wind-driven thin film caused by the impingement of water droplets. The external flow of air and droplets is simulated using the EMF model, while the wind-driven film is simulated with the EWF model. The effects of convection, shear stress, gravity, surface tension, and contact angle on the runback film flow are examined. The results show that shear stress from the air and capillary force due to the contact angle at the contact line are the two dominant influences on transportation, with the former acting as the driving force, while the capillary force at the contact line holds back the film and can cause a drastic increase in thickness at the contact line. With increased contact angle, the coverage of the film retracts, but film thickness upstream is not affected. A model for the film velocity containing the effects of shear stress and contact angle was proposed based on the analysis, which can be simplified to Newton’s shear law when the incoming velocity is large or the contact angle is small.

Study on the shear-pretension coupling behavior of 3D uniform and variable thickness woven fabrics

Pretension is regarded as an effective way to suppress the draping defects caused by the excessive shearing deformation of preforms during the manufacturing of woven composites. However, the research of shear-pretension coupling behavior on the 3D woven fabric uniform and variable thickness structures has not been carried out. In present study, the behavior of the two kinds of woven fabric structures is investigated. The picture frame shear test for fabrics are conducted with applied pre-tension for the work. The relationship between shear stress and shear angle under different pre-tension levels of the two kinds of fabrics is analyzed. Furthermore, the detailed comparison of shear-pretension coupling behavior between the two kinds of woven fabric structures is also analyzed. Finally, the effect of variable thickness condition on the in-plane shear properties for woven fabric variable thickness structure is investigated. The research provides experimental data support for the forming design of preforms of heterogeneous 3D composite structures.

Shear Strength Characteristics of Stabilized Sedimentary Soil with Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria

Sedimentary soils are formed from deposits resulting from weathering of rocks through natural processes. One way to increase the bearing capacity of sedimentary soil is by stabilizing it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the mixture of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria on the characteristics of sedimentary soils and to determine the effect of the curing period on the shear strength of the sediment stabilized by Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Based on the results of physical properties testing, the original soil was classified as ML, which is silt with low plasticity based on the USCS classification system, and classified as soil group A-4, namely silty soil according to the AASHTO classification system. The addition of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria mixed with urea and CaCl2 was proven to increase the value of shear stress, cohesion, and shear angle of the soil. The addition of Bacillus Subtilis with a mixture of urea and CaCl2 to the sedimentary soil accompanied by a curing period was shown to increase the shear stress at the percentage of adding stabilizing agent 8% from 1.25 kg/cm2, 1.45 kg/cm2, and 1.77 kg/cm2 at the beginning to 1.73 kg/cm2, 2.09 kg/cm2, and 2.39 kg/cm2 at 28 days of curing, with an average increase of 35 percent. The cohesion value continued to increase from the initial value of 0.72 kg/cm2 to 1.57 kg/cm2 at 28 days of curing, resulting in an increase in cohesion value of 118 percent. For the value of the shear angle in the soil, there was an increase from the original soil shear angle value of 22° to 31° in a mixture of 8% bacteria with a curing period of 28 days so that there was an increase in the value of the shear angle by 40 percent.

Soil slope analysis to develop useful correlations in saturated and unsaturated conditions

Shear strength (τ), shear stress (σ s) and slope angle (β) play a very important role in the stability of any soil slope. This research investigates the slope stability of a soil slope to determine correlations between shear strength and slope angle and shear stress. The assessment and calculation of the soil slope are carried out using slope stability analysis methods that assume the failure surface as a circular slip surface. A limit equilibrium software program – namely, Slide – and a numerical modelling software program – namely, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – are used for the analysis. Total 200 number of analyses were performed out of which 100 analyses in saturated and 100 in unsaturated condition. Correlations are developed between τ, β and σ s, which show a very close relationship among all these three parameters. The applicability of the equations is above 97%. The correlations can be used in any slope stability project to know about the shear strength of the slope with variation in the values of the slope angle and shear stress.

Development of a Flexible MEMS Sensor for Subsonic Flow.

Detection and control of flow separation is a key to improving the efficiency of fluid machinery. In this study, we developed a flexible MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) sensor for measuring the wall shear stress and flow angle in subsonic airflow. The developed sensor is made of a flexible polyimide film and a microheater surrounded by three temperature sensor pairs. The sensor measures the wall shear stress from the heater output and the flow angle from the temperature gradient around the heater. The geometry and design of the heater and temperature sensors were determined based on numerical simulations. To evaluate the validity of the sensor, we conducted an experiment to measure the wall shear stress and the flow angle in a wind tunnel in different velocities ranging from 30 m/s to 170 m/s, equivalent to Mach numbers from 0.1 to 0.5. The heater output was proportional to one-third power of the wall shear stress. Additionally, the bridge output correlating the temperature difference between two opposing temperature sensors showed sinusoidal variation depending on the flow angle. Consequently, we have clarified that the developed sensor can measure both the wall shear stress and flow direction in subsonic flow.

The Influence of the Sample Size of Bias Extension Tests on the Results of Forming Simulations of Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics

This work presents sensitivity analyzes of the influence of deviations in the shear stress vs. shear angle curves of bias extension tests of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics on the results of forming simulations. The investigations are carried out on the basis of a double dome benchmark geometry from the Ford Motor Company. Its experimental results of shear angle values and wrinkling are compared to the simulation results. The initial values for sensitivity analyzes are the shear stress-shear angle curves determined within further preliminary investigations on the basis of different sample sizes and cutting directions. Then these are gradually scaled. Finally, it will be discussed which deviations in the shear stress-shear angle curve are permissible in order to achieve a maximum deviation of 20% between simulation results and the real part. This is assumed to be the target value for this study.

Theoretical Analysis of Stress Intensity Factor for Two Asymmetric Cracks Emanating from Water Conveyance Tunnel

The water conveyance tunnel has been widely applied in tunnel engineering, which may be subjected to compressive stress and shear stress from rock and faults, respectively. The internal pressure caused by water in the tunnel will make the appearance of cracks and propagation, resulting in disasters. In order to study the effects of the cracks and compressive stress on the cracked tunnel model, a plane model containing a circular hole with two unequal cracks under the compression loads, shear stress and internal pressure was established in this study. Complex variable function and conformal mapping function were implemented to theoretically derive the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tip in the rock mass, the numerical simulation was conducted to validate the theoretical solutions. The results indicate that the numerical results using the ABAQUS code were in good agreement with the theoretical solutions. The effects of compressive stress, shear stress, internal pressure, crack length and crack inclination angle on model II SIFs were discussed, the initiation angle and initiation pressure of different rock materials were also studied. When the crack inclination angle changes from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], the tunnel is easily destroyed. With the increase of the right crack length, the increasing rate of the SIFs increases quickly first and then linearly, however, the left crack length has a slight effect on SIFs. When the crack inclination angle is [Formula: see text], the crack initiation angle reaches the maximum value.

Analysis of stress intensity factor for a crack emanating from elliptical hole subjected to compressive stress and shear stress

Underground caves often exist in karst areas, which will cause many difficulties in tunnel construction. The underground caves are often subjected to compressive stress, shear stress and internal pressure come from rock, faults and groundwater, respectively. The crack emanating from the cave will propagate under the effect of external forces, leading to the disaster of cave collapse and water gushing. To research the stability of crack emanating from the elliptical cave, a model of a plane containing an elliptical hole with a single crack under the compressive stress, shear stress and internal pressure was established. The theoretical solutions of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for crack tip were derived using complex variable function and conformal mapping function. The theoretical results were compared with the results of numerical simulation to verify the correctness of the theoretical solutions. The effects of crack length, ellipse shape, compressive stress, shear stress, internal pressure and crack inclination angle on SIFs were discussed. We can conclude that when the crack inclination angle is varied from 0° to 30°, the initiation pressure is small, and the cave is easily destroyed by groundwater. The flatter the elliptical hole, the easier the crack propagates. With an increasing of crack length, the value of SIFs at the crack tip increase quickly first and then increase linearly. When the crack inclination angle is 45°, the initiation angle of the crack reaches the maximum value.

Wall shear stress angle is associated with aortic growth in bicuspid aortic valve patients.

Aortic wall shear stress (WSS) distributions in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients have been associated with aortic dilatation, but prospective, longitudinal data are missing. This study assessed differences in aortic WSS distributions between BAV patients and healthy controls and determined the association of WSS with aortic growth in patients. Sixty subjects underwent four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance of the thoracic aorta (32 BAV patients and 28 healthy controls). Peak velocity, pulse wave velocity, aortic distensibility, peak systolic WSS (magnitude, axial, and circumferential), and WSS angle were assessed. WSS angle is defined as the angle between the WSSmagnitude and WSSaxial component. In BAV patients, three-year computed tomography angiography-based aortic volumetric growth was determined in the proximal and entire ascending aorta. WSSaxial was significantly lower in BAV patients compared with controls (0.93 vs. 0.72 Pa, P = 0.047) and WSScircumferential and WSS angle were significantly higher (0.29 vs. 0.64 Pa and 18° vs. 40°, both P < 0.001). Significant volumetric growth of the proximal ascending aorta occurred in BAV patients (from 49.1 to 52.5 cm3, P = 0.003). In multivariable analysis corrected for baseline aortic volume and diastolic blood pressure, WSS angle was the only parameter independently associated with proximal aortic growth (P = 0.031). In the entire ascending aorta, besides the WSS angle, the WSSmagnitude was also independently associated with growth. Increased WSScircumferential and especially WSS angle are typical in BAV patients. WSS angle was found to predict aortic growth. These findings highlight the potential role of WSS measurements in BAV patients to stratify patients at risk for aortic dilation.

Influencing Factors of Interfacial Behavior between Geogrid and Coal Gangue

Coal gangue is a type of solid waste that is generated in the process of coal mining and washing. This concept can be effectively used in reinforced engineering fillings. The influences of shear rates and geogrid transverse ribs were studied using a large indoor direct shear test. The test results showed that the relationship between shear stress and shear displacement of geogrid‐coal gangue is nonlinear, and the shear process is accompanied by the crushing of coal gangue particles. The addition of geogrid significantly improved the shear stress and interfacial quasi‐cohesion of geogrid‐coal gangue, whereas the interfacial quasi‐friction angle remained almost unaffected. When normal stress was greater than 25 kPa, the shear stress gradually increased as the shear rate was increased from 1 to 5 mm/s. With an increasing shear rate, the interfacial quasi‐friction angle increased, whereas the interfacial quasi‐cohesion decreased. The interfacial shear stress, interfacial adhesion, and interfacial friction angle decreased with the number of geogrid ribs; the contribution of the middle transverse rib to the interfacial shear strength was smaller than that of the transverse rib at the far end in the shearing direction.

Wall shear stress angle determines aortic growth in patients with bicuspid aortic valves

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The Dutch Heart Foundation Background Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have altered flow velocity patterns with different wall shear stress (WSS) distributions in the ascending aorta compared to patients with tricuspid aortic valves. These WSS distributions are associated with aortic dilatation in cross sectional studies, however, longitudinal data demonstrating a potential causative role is missing. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the differences in WSS distributions between BAV patients and healthy subjects and to determine the predictive value of WSS for aortic growth in patients with a BAV. Methods Forty patients with a BAV and 32 healthy matched subjects were prospectively studied by 4D-flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Peak velocity, pulse wave velocity, aortic distensibility, peak systolic WSS (magnitude), the different WSS components (axial and circumferential), and WSS angle were assessed in the proximal ascending aorta. WSS angle was defined as the angle between the WSSmagnitude and WSSaxial component. In the BAV patients, aortic volumetric growth over three years was determined in the proximal ascending aorta (first 5cm) based on CT angiography. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of aortic volumetric growth. Results Of the BAV patients, 21 (53%) had a left-right fusion pattern and eight patients had Turner syndrome. WSSaxial was significantly lower in BAV patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.008) and WSScircumferential and WSS angle were significantly higher (both p &amp;lt; 0.001, see Figure). WSSmagnitude, pulse wave velocity, and aorta distensibility were not statistically significant different. WSSmagnitude (0.69 N/m² [0.51-0.81] vs 1.08 N/m² [0.89-1.24], p = 0.005), WSSaxial (0.50 N/m² [0.39-0.61] vs 0.72 N/m² [0.54-0.94], p = 0.015) and WSScircumferential (0.34 N/m² [0.32-0.46] vs 0.64 N/m² [0.47-0.81], p = 0.008) were significantly lower in BAV Turner patients compared to BAV non-Turner patients, while WSS angle (40° [34-41] vs 40° [32-48], p = 0.607) was not statistically significant different. During a follow-up of three years, there was a significant growth of the proximal ascending aorta in the BAV patients (1.2 cm3 [-0.2-2.5], p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis corrected for baseline aortic volume and diastolic blood pressure, WSS angle was the only independent predictor for proximal aortic volume growth (β=0.108, p = 0.030). Conclusions Increased WSScircumferential and especially WSS angle are present in patients with BAV. WSS angle was the only independent predictor of aortic growth. These findings highlight the potential role of WSS measurements in patients with BAV to stratify patients at risk for aortic dilation.