Sharing Willingness Research Articles

To share or not to share? Revealing determinants of individuals’ willingness to share rides through a big data approach

Ridesplitting has been widely recognised as a promising mobility mode for sustainable transportation, but its success largely depends on a sufficient number of passengers who are willing to share their rides. To uncover the determinants of willingness to share (WTS), prior studies typically relied on either individual-level survey-based or aggregate-level data-driven methods. To combine the former’s strength in capturing individual choice preferences and the latter’s advantage in utilising available multi-source big data, this study proposes a big data approach to modelling individual choices between the solo and shared options for each trip. To reconstruct the choice process, we leverage large-scale real-world trip records and propose a learning framework to not only retrieve the trip time and fare of the chosen option (solo or shared), but also impute the likely time and fare of the alternative option. These reconstructed trip attributes are then integrated with the sociodemographic, built environment and traffic features from other data sources. Finally, all these variables are fed into a random coefficient logit model to reveal passengers’ ridesplitting preferences. Through a case study of Manhattan, New York City, we reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of WTS and its determinants. Results show that WTS varies greatly across space and time. The time-fare trade-off is identified as the most essential factor, with the value of time revealed to be about $28-36/h. WTS decreases with longer trip distance/commuting time/distance to the urban centre, lower road speed, and higher speed fluctuation/bus station/crime density, but increases with a higher proportion of middle-class/female/young residents, residential land use and metro station. The proposed methodology can be used to explain and monitor WTS in a cost-effective way, complementing traditional survey-based methods to better design and promote ridesplitting services.

Congestion Avoidance Social-Aware Caching Strategy in Cache-Enabled Heterogeneous Networks

In cache-enabled heterogeneous networks (CHetNet), social-aware caching strategies are generally designed under the assumption that the user's sharing willingness (SW) is matched with its sociality, which indicates the probability that users in the real world build social connections with others. In practice, however, social-aware caching will make severe congestion if high-sociality users have weak SW. It is hard to handle the challenge since it is difficult to jointly quantify the impact of sociality, SW, and caching strategy on congestion. In this paper, we study the congestion avoidance caching strategy to maximize throughput capacity, considering user's sociality and SW. Specifically, the congestion mechanism in CHetNet is captured by efficient betweenness (EB), which is defined as the number of content delivery paths through a node. Aided by EB, it is interestingly revealed that popular contents should be preferentially cached in users with high SW and low sociality. Inspired by this, we propose a caching strategy to optimize the offloading ratio between layers and further tune caching probabilities to avoid local congestion. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms the compared sociality-preference schemes. Moreover, it is shown that the large caching buffer size may conversely decrease throughput capacity due to congestion.

THE POWER OF UKRAINE’S PRESIDENT: PERSONAL PRONOUNS ON ZELENSKY’S SPEECH

This study analyzes how Zelensky used first-person personal pronounsin his political speeches. This study discussed about the occurrences offirst personal pronouns in political speeches by using qualitativemethodologies, that is document study to identify their forms anddiscourse function. The results showed that The first personal pronounsare identified in discovered of Zelensky’s speeches. The first personalpronouns used in Zelensky addresses were pronoun “I”, “You”, and “We”.Zelensky used the singular personal pronoun ‘‘I’’ to express his heartfeltgratitude and admiration, as well as his professional and personalexperiences, arguments, perspectives, aspirations, and commitment. Theusage of inclusive “You” and variants indicate Zelensky 's willingness toshare responsibility, foster unity, equality, and public declarations abouttheir current situation and any potential future challenges. Usingexclusive “We” which demonstrated by Zelensky also was to show hispolitical intentions, commitment, political experiences during theelection, and significant concern for reconciliation.

Willingness to share data: Contextual determinants of consumers' decisions to share private data with companies

AbstractIn the age of digitalization, customer and consumer data have become a valuable source of information for companies. However, to obtain these data, companies depend on peoples' willingness to share (WTS) their private data with them. By means of a large‐scale online experiment with more than 20,000 participants, we investigated the extent to which peoples' WTS private data is affected by contextual factors. We complement and extend previous research by (i) simultaneously addressing several contextual factors that companies can largely control themselves, (ii) comparing their relative impacts on WTS, and (iii) explicitly examining interactions between these contextual factors in addition to their specific univariate effects. Concretely, we investigate contextual factors, such as the type of data requested, the purpose for which the data are used, the industry sector a corresponding company belongs to, the type of compensation offered for the shared data, and the degree to which the data allows for personal identification. Our data suggest that all these factors do affect peoples' WTS significantly, while there are also multiple significant interaction effects between these contextual factors. For instance, we found that a better intuitive match between the core business a company is engaged in and the type of data that is requested, results in higher proportions of people who are willing to share the corresponding data with the corresponding company. Hence, companies may benefit from tuning their requests for consumer or customer data according to the specific context in which they operate.

Sharing Data Collected with Smartphone Sensors

Smartphone sensors allow measurement of phenomena that are difficult or impossible to capture via self-report (e.g., geographical movement, physical activity). Sensors can reduce respondent burden by eliminating survey questions and improve measurement accuracy by replacing/augmenting self-reports. However, if respondents who are not willing to collect sensor data differ on critical attributes from those who are, the results can be biased. Research on the mechanisms of willingness to collect sensor data mostly comes from (nonprobability) online panels and is hypothetical (i.e., asks participants about the likelihood of participation in a sensor-based study). In a cross-sectional general population randomized experiment, we investigate how features of the request and respondent characteristics influence willingness to share (WTS) and actually sharing smartphone-sensor data. We manipulate the request to either mention or not mention (1) how participation will benefit the participant, (2) participants’ autonomy over data collection, and (3) that data will be kept confidential. We assess nonparticipation bias using the administrative records. WTS and actually sharing varies by sensor task, participants’ autonomy over data sharing, their smartphone skills, level of privacy concerns, and attitudes toward surveys. Fewer people agree to share photos and a video than geolocation, but all who agreed to share photos or a video actually did. Some nonresponse and nonparticipation biases are substantial and make each other worse, but others jointly reduce the overall bias. Our findings suggest that sensor-data-sharing decisions depend on sample members’ situation when asked to share and the nature of the sensor task rather than the sensor type.

Compilation and Application of the Scale of Sustainable Knowledge Sharing Willingness in Virtual Academic Community During the Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19).

With the outbreak of COVID-19, many offline academic activities have been turned online, and virtual academic communities have been further emphasized. Based on this situation, this study took the Eagly and Chaiken’s Heuristic-System Model of Persuasion and the general rules of behavioral decision as a theoretical basis, established a theoretical model of sustainable knowledge sharing willingness in virtual academic communities. Firstly, this study developed the scale of willingness to share sustainable knowledge based on the heuristic system model of persuasion. After analyzing the data of 62 participants, the scale was revised. Secondly, 256 valid data were collected from China, the United States, Singapore, and Indonesia. Finally, the conceptual model and theoretical hypothesis were tested based on the data. The results show that knowledge sharing satisfaction is affected by heuristic factors (knowledge sharing quantity, knowledge source credibility) and system factors (knowledge sharing quality, knowledge sharing usefulness), and has a significant positive correlation with sustainable knowledge sharing willingness.

Why Do People Support Online Crowdfunding Charities? A Case Study From China.

Whereas the effect of people’s motivations to give to traditional, off-line charities has been extensively investigated, their motivations to support online charitable crowdfunding projects are largely unexplored. The present study examines the influences of extrinsic motivations (such as reputation, the wish to signal a certain image; and reciprocity, the expectation on future return for their present contribution), intrinsic motivations (such as a sense of belonging, the feeling of belonging to an integral part of a positive community; joy of giving, the anticipated positive emotions experienced by helping others; altruism, intrinsic desire to help others without expectation of a return; and financial constraints, individuals’ personally felt financial stresses induced by donations), and social interactions (such as social influence, people’s perception of how their close acquaintances believe they should support the project; and social ties, the strength of the relationship between the individual and the project initiator) on intentions to support charitable crowdfunding behaviors, namely, the willingness to share (WTS) project information and the intention to donate (ITD) money. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses on self-reported survey data from 617 respondents in China reveal support for the hypotheses. The results show that intrinsic motivations and social ties are predictors for both supporting behaviors. Reputation and social influence motivate people to share projects, but have no significant effects on their ITD. Reciprocity is positively, and financial constraints are negatively, related to ITD but have no significant effects on WTS. These findings offer insights into the motivations driving individuals’ participation in charitable crowdfunding. The implications for both platforms and fundraisers are discussed.

Modeling individuals’ willingness to share trips with strangers in an autonomous vehicle future

With the era of fully automated vehicles (AVs) quickly approaching, ridesharing services could have an important role in increasing vehicle occupancy, reducing vehicle miles traveled, and improving traffic conditions. However, the extent to which these potentials can be achieved depends on consumers’ disposition to sharing rides. From a travel behavior perspective, two essential elements to the adoption of shared rides are individuals’ acceptance of increased travel times associated with pick-up/drop-off of other passengers and their approval of strangers sharing the same vehicle. The current study develops the notion of willingness to share (WTS), which represents the money value attributed by an individual to traveling alone compared to riding with strangers, to investigate the adoption of shared rides. Using a multivariate integrated choice and latent variable approach, we examine current choices and future intentions regarding the use of shared rides and estimate individuals’ WTS as well as their values of travel time for two distinct trip purposes. Results show that users are less sensitive to the presence of strangers when in a commute trip compared to a leisure-activity trip. We also observe that the travel time added to the trip to serve other passengers may be a greater barrier to the use of shared services compared to the presence of a stranger. However, the potential to use travel time productively may help overcome this barrier especially for high-income individuals.

Knowledge Sharing Willingness and Leakage Risk: An Evolutional Game Model

Prior research of knowledge sharing between firms mainly focuses on enabling factors, such as benefits resulting from knowledge sharing, leading to an overlook at barriers. Guided by transaction cost economics and social exchange theory, our study constructed an evolutional game model to analyse the dynamic evolution process of the firm’s knowledge sharing behaviour in a setting of supply chain networks. Using a simulation in our game model, we firstly reveal how a long-term strategy for supply chain partners towards knowledge sharing is determined through reaching an equilibrium between enabling factors (revenue gained in various forms) and impeding factors (knowledge leakage) in a dynamic process. Secondly, our analysis demonstrates that the competition or rivalry side of the “co-opetition” relationship acts as the major barrier for knowledge sharing due to the sharer’s concern of knowledge leakage. Thirdly, our model has identified knowledge relevancy as the inherent property of knowledge and the firm’ ability of knowledge inference as two important factors influencing knowledge leakage.

The Influence of Interpersonal Trust on Tacit Knowledge Sharing Willingness from the Dynamic Perspective：Mediating Effect of Sense of Cognitive Well-being

The Influence of Interpersonal Trust on Tacit Knowledge Sharing Willingness from the Dynamic Perspective：Mediating Effect of Sense of Cognitive Well-being

To share or not to share? Explaining willingness to share in the context of social distance

AbstractSharing can help make goods available to many people who would otherwise have no access to them. In the effort of motivating more people to participate in the sharing economy, it is useful to know the variables that influence the willingness to share (WTS). Our study aims to identify these variables. Applying field theory, we conducted an experiment based on nonmonetary sharing situations. Complementing existing research directed towards users of goods, we focused on the providers of goods, thus broadening the understanding of sharing contexts. We demonstrate that WTS can be explained by several variables. In particular, a low social distance increases individuals' WTS their belongings with others. Product involvement is also a predictor of whether or not people are willing to share. In contrast, consumer characteristics such as materialism, altruism, and interpersonal trust have no impact on sharing intentions. Our findings provide significant implications for consumer research and for the marketing of sharing organizations.

On Consideration of Content Preference and Sharing Willingness in D2D Assisted Offloading

Device-to-device (D2D) assisted offloading heavily depends on the participation of human users. The content preference and sharing willingness of human users are two crucial factors in the D2D assisted offloading. In this paper, with consideration of these two factors, the optimal content pushing strategy is investigated by formulating an optimization problem to maximize the offloading gain measured by the offloaded traffic. Users are placed into groups according to their content preferences, and share content with intergroup and intragroup users at different sharing probabilities. Although the optimization problem is nonconvex, the closed-form optimal solution for a special case is obtained, when the sharing probabilities for intergroup and intragroup users are the same. Furthermore, an alternative group optimization (AGO) algorithm is proposed to solve the general case of the optimization problem. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the offloading performance achieved by the optimal pushing strategy for the special case and AGO algorithm. An interesting conclusion drawn is that the group with the largest number of interested users is not necessarily given the highest pushing probability. It is more important to give high pushing probability to users with high sharing willingness.

Psychological Contract, Reciprocal Preference and Knowledge Sharing Willingness

The paper has undertaken field investigation on 370 knowledge workers in knowledge-based industries which are located in Pearl River Delta region by structured questionnaire, and verifies that the different influence of psychological contract and reciprocal preference on knowledge sharing willingness, and further confirms that the reciprocal preference plays an intermediary in the relationship between psychological contract and knowledge sharing willingness. The result of analysis shows that: 1) Transactional psychological contract has a negative effect on knowledge sharing; 2) Relational psychological contract has a significant positive effect on knowledge sharing; 3) Developmental psychological contract only has a significant negative effect on the explicit knowledge sharing; 4) The reciprocal preference plays an intermediary role in the relationship between transactional psychological contract, relational psychological contract.

The Relationship Between Machiavellianism and Knowledge Sharing Willingness

Knowledge sharing has become a legitimate and important organizational activity. Over the last two decades, firms have become creative in their efforts to make knowledge sharing take place. Meanwhile, Machiavellian orientation has been regarded as one of the most important variables in the study of management and organizational behavior for the last three decades. However, the existing literature does not offer any measure of relationships between Machiavellianism and knowledge sharing willingness. Therefore, this research aims to explore the relationship between Machiavellianism and knowledge sharing willingness. With a total of 325 valid questionnaires completed by employees, the paper presents some conclusive and valuable suggestions for businesses and scholars alike.